@ -1,322 +1,320 @@
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Gramps - a GTK+/GNOME based genealogy program
#
# Copyright (C) 2004-2006 Donald N. Allingham
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
#
# $Id: _DateParser.py 18562 2011-12-10 10:04:35Z m_d_n $
"""
Date parsing class . Serves as the base class for any localized
date parsing class . The default , base class provides parsing for
English .
"""
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# Python modules
#
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import re
import calendar
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# set up logging
#
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
import logging
log = logging . getLogger ( " .DateParser " )
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# GRAMPS modules
#
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
from gen . lib import Date
from _DateParser import DateParser
from _DateDisplay import DateDisplay
from _DateHandler import register_datehandler
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# Arabic parser class
#
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
class DateParserAR ( DateParser ) :
"""
Convert a text string into a Date object . If the date cannot be
converted , the text string is assigned .
"""
# modifiers before the date
modifier_to_int = {
' قبل ' : Date . MOD_BEFORE ,
' قبل ' : Date . MOD_BEFORE ,
' قبل. ' : Date . MOD_BEFORE ,
' بعد ' : Date . MOD_AFTER ,
' بعد ' : Date . MOD_AFTER ,
' بعد. ' : Date . MOD_AFTER ,
' حوالي ' : Date . MOD_ABOUT ,
' حوالي. ' : Date . MOD_ABOUT ,
' حوالي ' : Date . MOD_ABOUT ,
' حوالي ' : Date . MOD_ABOUT ,
' حوالي. ' : Date . MOD_ABOUT ,
' حوالي ' : Date . MOD_ABOUT ,
}
# in some languages some of above listed modifiers are after the date,
# in that case the subclass should put them into this dictionary instead
modifier_after_to_int = { }
hebrew_to_int = {
" tishri " : 1 , " heshvan " : 2 , " kislev " : 3 ,
" tevet " : 4 , " shevat " : 5 , " adari " : 6 ,
" adarii " : 7 , " nisan " : 8 , " iyyar " : 9 ,
" sivan " : 10 , " tammuz " : 11 , " av " : 12 ,
" elul " : 13 ,
#alternative spelling
" cheshvan " : 2 , " adar sheni " : 7 , " iyar " : 9 ,
}
french_to_int = {
' vendémiaire ' : 1 , ' brumaire ' : 2 ,
' frimaire ' : 3 , ' nivôse ' : 4 ,
' pluviôse ' : 5 , ' ventôse ' : 6 ,
' germinal ' : 7 , ' floréal ' : 8 ,
' prairial ' : 9 , ' messidor ' : 10 ,
' thermidor ' : 11 , ' fructidor ' : 12 ,
' extra ' : 13 ,
#GEDCOM months
' vend ' : 1 , ' brum ' : 2 ,
' frim ' : 3 , ' nivo ' : 4 ,
' pluv ' : 5 , ' vent ' : 6 ,
' germ ' : 7 , ' flor ' : 8 ,
' prai ' : 9 , ' mess ' : 10 ,
' ther ' : 11 , ' fruc ' : 12 ,
' comp ' : 13 ,
}
islamic_to_int = {
" محرّم " : 1 , " محرّم الحرام " : 1 ,
" صفر " : 2 , " ربيع الأول " : 3 ,
" ربيع 1 " : 3 , " ربيع الأخير " : 4 ,
" ربيع الثاني " : 4 , " ربيع الثاني " : 4 ,
" ربيع الثاني " : 4 , " ربيع الثاني " : 4 ,
" ربيع 2 " : 4 , " جمادى الأولى " : 5 ,
" جمادى الأول " : 5 , " جمادى 1 " : 5 ,
" جمادى الثانية " : 6 , " جمادى الأخير " : 6 ,
" جمادى الثاني " : 6 , " جمادى 2 " : 5 ,
" رجب " : 7 , " شعبان " : 8 ,
" شعبان " : 8 , " رمضان " : 9 ,
" رمضان " : 9 , " شوال " : 10 ,
" ذو القعدة " : 11 , " ذو القعدة " : 11 ,
" ذو القعدة " : 11 , " ذو الحجة " : 12 ,
" ذو الحجة " : 12 , " ذو الحجة " : 12 ,
}
persian_to_int = {
" farvardin " : 1 , " ordibehesht " : 2 ,
" khordad " : 3 , " tir " : 4 ,
" mordad " : 5 , " shahrivar " : 6 ,
" mehr " : 7 , " aban " : 8 ,
" azar " : 9 , " dey " : 10 ,
" bahman " : 11 , " esfand " : 12 ,
}
swedish_to_int = {
" januari " : 1 , " februari " : 2 ,
" mars " : 3 , " april " : 4 ,
" maj " : 5 , " juni " : 6 ,
" juli " : 7 , " augusti " : 8 ,
" september " : 9 , " oktober " : 10 ,
" november " : 11 , " december " : 12 ,
}
bce = [ " قبل الميلاد " , " قبل الميلاد " , " قبل الميلاد " , " قبل الميلاد " , " قبل الميلاد " , " قبل الميلاد " ]
calendar_to_int = {
' غريغوري ' : Date . CAL_GREGORIAN ,
' غريغوري ' : Date . CAL_GREGORIAN ,
' يوليوسي ' : Date . CAL_JULIAN ,
' يوليوسي ' : Date . CAL_JULIAN ,
' عبري ' : Date . CAL_HEBREW ,
' عبري ' : Date . CAL_HEBREW ,
' إسلامي ' : Date . CAL_ISLAMIC ,
' إسلامي ' : Date . CAL_ISLAMIC ,
' فرنسي ' : Date . CAL_FRENCH ,
' فرنسي جمهوري ' : Date . CAL_FRENCH ,
' فرنسي ' : Date . CAL_FRENCH ,
' فارسي ' : Date . CAL_PERSIAN ,
' فارسي ' : Date . CAL_PERSIAN ,
' سويدي ' : Date . CAL_SWEDISH ,
' سويدي ' : Date . CAL_SWEDISH ,
}
quality_to_int = {
' متوقع ' : Date . QUAL_ESTIMATED ,
' متوقع. ' : Date . QUAL_ESTIMATED ,
' متوقع ' : Date . QUAL_ESTIMATED ,
' محسوب. ' : Date . QUAL_CALCULATED ,
' محسوب ' : Date . QUAL_CALCULATED ,
' محسوب ' : Date . QUAL_CALCULATED ,
}
def init_strings ( self ) :
"""
This method compiles regular expression strings for matching dates .
Most of the re ' s in most languages can stay as is. span and range
most likely will need to change . Whatever change is done , this method
may be called first as DateParser . init_strings ( self ) so that the
invariant expresions don ' t need to be repeteadly coded. All differences
can be coded after DateParser . init_strings ( self ) call , that way they
override stuff from this method . See DateParserRU ( ) as an example .
"""
DateParser . init_strings ( self )
# In the following you should translate from and to as in a date
# from 2001 to 2004 and then test if it works for LTR
self . _span = re . compile ( " من \ s+(?P<start>.+) \ s+إلى \ s+(?P<stop>.+) " ,
re . IGNORECASE )
# In following you must translate bet|bet.|between and 'and' as in a
# date between 2001 and 2002
# Here you see between can be written in 3 different ways, you
#can allow the same in arabic
self . _range = re . compile ( " بين \ s+(?P<start>.+) \ s+و \ s+(?P<stop>.+) " ,
re . IGNORECASE )
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# Italian display
#
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
class DateDisplayAR ( DateDisplay ) :
"""
Italian language date display class .
"""
# this is used to display the 12 gregorian months
long_months = ( " " , " كانون الثاني " , " شباط " , " آذار " , " نيسان " , " أيار " ,
" حزيران " , " تموز " , " آب " , " أيلول " , " تشرين الأول " ,
" تشرين الثاني " , " كانون الأول " )
short_months = ( " " , " كا " , " شباط " , " آذار " , " نيسان " , " أيار " , " حزيران " ,
" تموز " , " آب " , " أيلول " , " تشرين1 " , " تشرين2 " , " كا " )
#Hebrew months - don't translate if not needed
hebrew = (
" " , " Tishri " , " Heshvan " , " Kislev " , " Tevet " , " Shevat " ,
" AdarI " , " AdarII " , " Nisan " , " Iyyar " , " Sivan " , " Tammuz " ,
" Av " , " Elul "
)
#french republican months - don't translate if not needed
french = (
' ' ,
" Vendémiaire " ,
' Brumaire ' ,
' Frimaire ' ,
" Nivôse " ,
" Pluviôse " ,
" Ventôse " ,
' Germinal ' ,
" Floréal " ,
' Prairial ' ,
' Messidor ' ,
' Thermidor ' ,
' Fructidor ' ,
' Extra ' ,
)
persian = (
" " , " Farvardin " , " Ordibehesht " , " Khordad " , " Tir " ,
" Mordad " , " Shahrivar " , " Mehr " , " Aban " , " Azar " ,
" Dey " , " Bahman " , " Esfand "
)
islamic = (
" " , " محرّم " , " صفر " , " ربيع الأول " , " ربيع الثاني " ,
" جمادى الأولى " , " جمادى الثانية " , " رجب " , " شعبان " ,
" رمضان " , " شوال " , " ذو القعدة " , " ذو الحجة "
)
swedish = (
" " , " Januari " , " Februari " , " Mars " ,
" April " , " Maj " , " Juni " ,
" Juli " , " Augusti " , " September " ,
" Oktober " , " November " , " December "
)
#Following are the formats for date display you can set in the preferences
formats = (
" YYYY-MM-DD (قياسي) " , " عددي " , " شهر يوم, سنة " ,
" شهر يوم, سنة " , " يوم شهر سنة " , " يوم شهر سنة "
)
calendar = (
" " , " يوليوسي " , " عبري " , " فرنسي " ,
" فارسي " , " إسلامي " , " سويدي "
)
_mod_str = ( " " , " قبل " , " بعد " , " حوالي " , " " , " " , " " )
_qual_str = ( " " , " متوقع " , " محسوب " )
_bce_str = " %s قبل الميلاد. "
def display ( self , date ) :
"""
Return a text string representing the date .
"""
mod = date . get_modifier ( )
cal = date . get_calendar ( )
qual = date . get_quality ( )
start = date . get_start_date ( )
newyear = date . get_new_year ( )
qual_str = self . _qual_str [ qual ]
if mod == Date . MOD_TEXTONLY :
return date . get_text ( )
elif start == Date . EMPTY :
return " "
elif mod == Date . MOD_SPAN :
d1 = self . display_cal [ cal ] ( start )
d2 = self . display_cal [ cal ] ( date . get_stop_date ( ) )
scal = self . format_extras ( cal , newyear )
# translate from and to
return " %s %s %s %s %s %s " % ( qual_str , ' من ' , d1 , ' إلى ' , d2 , scal )
elif mod == Date . MOD_RANGE :
d1 = self . display_cal [ cal ] ( start )
d2 = self . display_cal [ cal ] ( date . get_stop_date ( ) )
scal = self . format_extras ( cal , newyear )
# translate between and and
return " %s %s %s %s %s %s " % ( qual_str , ' بين ' , d1 , ' و ' , d2 , scal )
else :
text = self . display_cal [ date . get_calendar ( ) ] ( start )
scal = self . format_extras ( cal , newyear )
return " %s %s %s %s " % ( qual_str , self . _mod_str [ mod ] , text , scal )
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# Register classes
#
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
register_datehandler ( ( ' ar_AR ' , ' ar ' , ' Arabic ' , ' arabic ' ) ,
DateParserAR , DateDisplayAR )
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Gramps - a GTK+/GNOME based genealogy program
#
# Copyright (C) 2004-2006 Donald N. Allingham
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
#
# $Id$
"""
Arabic - specific classes for parsing and displaying dates .
"""
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# Python modules
#
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import re
import calendar
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# set up logging
#
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
import logging
log = logging . getLogger ( " .DateParser " )
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# GRAMPS modules
#
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
from gen . lib import Date
from _DateParser import DateParser
from _DateDisplay import DateDisplay
from _DateHandler import register_datehandler
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# Arabic parser class
#
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
class DateParserAR ( DateParser ) :
"""
Convert a text string into a Date object . If the date cannot be
converted , the text string is assigned .
"""
# modifiers before the date
modifier_to_int = {
' قبل ' : Date . MOD_BEFORE ,
' قبل ' : Date . MOD_BEFORE ,
' قبل. ' : Date . MOD_BEFORE ,
' بعد ' : Date . MOD_AFTER ,
' بعد ' : Date . MOD_AFTER ,
' بعد. ' : Date . MOD_AFTER ,
' حوالي ' : Date . MOD_ABOUT ,
' حوالي. ' : Date . MOD_ABOUT ,
' حوالي ' : Date . MOD_ABOUT ,
' حوالي ' : Date . MOD_ABOUT ,
' حوالي. ' : Date . MOD_ABOUT ,
' حوالي ' : Date . MOD_ABOUT ,
}
# in some languages some of above listed modifiers are after the date,
# in that case the subclass should put them into this dictionary instead
modifier_after_to_int = { }
hebrew_to_int = {
" tishri " : 1 , " heshvan " : 2 , " kislev " : 3 ,
" tevet " : 4 , " shevat " : 5 , " adari " : 6 ,
" adarii " : 7 , " nisan " : 8 , " iyyar " : 9 ,
" sivan " : 10 , " tammuz " : 11 , " av " : 12 ,
" elul " : 13 ,
#alternative spelling
" cheshvan " : 2 , " adar sheni " : 7 , " iyar " : 9 ,
}
french_to_int = {
' vendémiaire ' : 1 , ' brumaire ' : 2 ,
' frimaire ' : 3 , ' nivôse ' : 4 ,
' pluviôse ' : 5 , ' ventôse ' : 6 ,
' germinal ' : 7 , ' floréal ' : 8 ,
' prairial ' : 9 , ' messidor ' : 10 ,
' thermidor ' : 11 , ' fructidor ' : 12 ,
' extra ' : 13 ,
#GEDCOM months
' vend ' : 1 , ' brum ' : 2 ,
' frim ' : 3 , ' nivo ' : 4 ,
' pluv ' : 5 , ' vent ' : 6 ,
' germ ' : 7 , ' flor ' : 8 ,
' prai ' : 9 , ' mess ' : 10 ,
' ther ' : 11 , ' fruc ' : 12 ,
' comp ' : 13 ,
}
islamic_to_int = {
" محرّم " : 1 , " محرّم الحرام " : 1 ,
" صفر " : 2 , " ربيع الأول " : 3 ,
" ربيع 1 " : 3 , " ربيع الأخير " : 4 ,
" ربيع الثاني " : 4 , " ربيع الثاني " : 4 ,
" ربيع الثاني " : 4 , " ربيع الثاني " : 4 ,
" ربيع 2 " : 4 , " جمادى الأولى " : 5 ,
" جمادى الأول " : 5 , " جمادى 1 " : 5 ,
" جمادى الثانية " : 6 , " جمادى الأخير " : 6 ,
" جمادى الثاني " : 6 , " جمادى 2 " : 5 ,
" رجب " : 7 , " شعبان " : 8 ,
" شعبان " : 8 , " رمضان " : 9 ,
" رمضان " : 9 , " شوال " : 10 ,
" ذو القعدة " : 11 , " ذو القعدة " : 11 ,
" ذو القعدة " : 11 , " ذو الحجة " : 12 ,
" ذو الحجة " : 12 , " ذو الحجة " : 12 ,
}
persian_to_int = {
" farvardin " : 1 , " ordibehesht " : 2 ,
" khordad " : 3 , " tir " : 4 ,
" mordad " : 5 , " shahrivar " : 6 ,
" mehr " : 7 , " aban " : 8 ,
" azar " : 9 , " dey " : 10 ,
" bahman " : 11 , " esfand " : 12 ,
}
swedish_to_int = {
" januari " : 1 , " februari " : 2 ,
" mars " : 3 , " april " : 4 ,
" maj " : 5 , " juni " : 6 ,
" juli " : 7 , " augusti " : 8 ,
" september " : 9 , " oktober " : 10 ,
" november " : 11 , " december " : 12 ,
}
bce = [ " قبل الميلاد " , " قبل الميلاد " , " قبل الميلاد " , " قبل الميلاد " , " قبل الميلاد " , " قبل الميلاد " ]
calendar_to_int = {
' غريغوري ' : Date . CAL_GREGORIAN ,
' غريغوري ' : Date . CAL_GREGORIAN ,
' يوليوسي ' : Date . CAL_JULIAN ,
' يوليوسي ' : Date . CAL_JULIAN ,
' عبري ' : Date . CAL_HEBREW ,
' عبري ' : Date . CAL_HEBREW ,
' إسلامي ' : Date . CAL_ISLAMIC ,
' إسلامي ' : Date . CAL_ISLAMIC ,
' فرنسي ' : Date . CAL_FRENCH ,
' فرنسي جمهوري ' : Date . CAL_FRENCH ,
' فرنسي ' : Date . CAL_FRENCH ,
' فارسي ' : Date . CAL_PERSIAN ,
' فارسي ' : Date . CAL_PERSIAN ,
' سويدي ' : Date . CAL_SWEDISH ,
' سويدي ' : Date . CAL_SWEDISH ,
}
quality_to_int = {
' متوقع ' : Date . QUAL_ESTIMATED ,
' متوقع. ' : Date . QUAL_ESTIMATED ,
' متوقع ' : Date . QUAL_ESTIMATED ,
' محسوب. ' : Date . QUAL_CALCULATED ,
' محسوب ' : Date . QUAL_CALCULATED ,
' محسوب ' : Date . QUAL_CALCULATED ,
}
def init_strings ( self ) :
"""
This method compiles regular expression strings for matching dates .
Most of the re ' s in most languages can stay as is. span and range
most likely will need to change . Whatever change is done , this method
may be called first as DateParser . init_strings ( self ) so that the
invariant expresions don ' t need to be repeteadly coded. All differences
can be coded after DateParser . init_strings ( self ) call , that way they
override stuff from this method . See DateParserRU ( ) as an example .
"""
DateParser . init_strings ( self )
# In the following you should translate from and to as in a date
# from 2001 to 2004 and then test if it works for LTR
self . _span = re . compile ( " من \ s+(?P<start>.+) \ s+إلى \ s+(?P<stop>.+) " ,
re . IGNORECASE )
# In following you must translate bet|bet.|between and 'and' as in a
# date between 2001 and 2002
# Here you see between can be written in 3 different ways, you
#can allow the same in arabic
self . _range = re . compile ( " بين \ s+(?P<start>.+) \ s+و \ s+(?P<stop>.+) " ,
re . IGNORECASE )
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# Arabic display
#
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
class DateDisplayAR ( DateDisplay ) :
"""
Arabic language date display class .
"""
# this is used to display the 12 gregorian months
long_months = ( " " , " كانون الثاني " , " شباط " , " آذار " , " نيسان " , " أيار " ,
" حزيران " , " تموز " , " آب " , " أيلول " , " تشرين الأول " ,
" تشرين الثاني " , " كانون الأول " )
short_months = ( " " , " كا " , " شباط " , " آذار " , " نيسان " , " أيار " , " حزيران " ,
" تموز " , " آب " , " أيلول " , " تشرين1 " , " تشرين2 " , " كا " )
#Hebrew months - don't translate if not needed
hebrew = (
" " , " Tishri " , " Heshvan " , " Kislev " , " Tevet " , " Shevat " ,
" AdarI " , " AdarII " , " Nisan " , " Iyyar " , " Sivan " , " Tammuz " ,
" Av " , " Elul "
)
#french republican months - don't translate if not needed
french = (
' ' ,
" Vendémiaire " ,
' Brumaire ' ,
' Frimaire ' ,
" Nivôse " ,
" Pluviôse " ,
" Ventôse " ,
' Germinal ' ,
" Floréal " ,
' Prairial ' ,
' Messidor ' ,
' Thermidor ' ,
' Fructidor ' ,
' Extra ' ,
)
persian = (
" " , " Farvardin " , " Ordibehesht " , " Khordad " , " Tir " ,
" Mordad " , " Shahrivar " , " Mehr " , " Aban " , " Azar " ,
" Dey " , " Bahman " , " Esfand "
)
islamic = (
" " , " محرّم " , " صفر " , " ربيع الأول " , " ربيع الثاني " ,
" جمادى الأولى " , " جمادى الثانية " , " رجب " , " شعبان " ,
" رمضان " , " شوال " , " ذو القعدة " , " ذو الحجة "
)
swedish = (
" " , " Januari " , " Februari " , " Mars " ,
" April " , " Maj " , " Juni " ,
" Juli " , " Augusti " , " September " ,
" Oktober " , " November " , " December "
)
#Following are the formats for date display you can set in the preferences
formats = (
" YYYY-MM-DD (قياسي) " , " عددي " , " شهر يوم, سنة " ,
" شهر يوم, سنة " , " يوم شهر سنة " , " يوم شهر سنة "
)
calendar = (
" " , " يوليوسي " , " عبري " , " فرنسي " ,
" فارسي " , " إسلامي " , " سويدي "
)
_mod_str = ( " " , " قبل " , " بعد " , " حوالي " , " " , " " , " " )
_qual_str = ( " " , " متوقع " , " محسوب " )
_bce_str = " %s قبل الميلاد. "
def display ( self , date ) :
"""
Return a text string representing the date .
"""
mod = date . get_modifier ( )
cal = date . get_calendar ( )
qual = date . get_quality ( )
start = date . get_start_date ( )
newyear = date . get_new_year ( )
qual_str = self . _qual_str [ qual ]
if mod == Date . MOD_TEXTONLY :
return date . get_text ( )
elif start == Date . EMPTY :
return " "
elif mod == Date . MOD_SPAN :
d1 = self . display_cal [ cal ] ( start )
d2 = self . display_cal [ cal ] ( date . get_stop_date ( ) )
scal = self . format_extras ( cal , newyear )
# translate from and to
return " %s %s %s %s %s %s " % ( qual_str , ' من ' , d1 , ' إلى ' , d2 , scal )
elif mod == Date . MOD_RANGE :
d1 = self . display_cal [ cal ] ( start )
d2 = self . display_cal [ cal ] ( date . get_stop_date ( ) )
scal = self . format_extras ( cal , newyear )
# translate between and and
return " %s %s %s %s %s %s " % ( qual_str , ' بين ' , d1 , ' و ' , d2 , scal )
else :
text = self . display_cal [ date . get_calendar ( ) ] ( start )
scal = self . format_extras ( cal , newyear )
return " %s %s %s %s " % ( qual_str , self . _mod_str [ mod ] , text , scal )
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# Register classes
#
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
register_datehandler ( ( ' ar_AR ' , ' ar ' , ' Arabic ' , ' arabic ' ) ,
DateParserAR , DateDisplayAR )
Paul Franklin