diff --git a/gramps/gen/db/read.py b/gramps/gen/db/read.py
index edf5923c3..c96349d6f 100644
--- a/gramps/gen/db/read.py
+++ b/gramps/gen/db/read.py
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ else:
     import pickle
 import time
 import random
-import locale
 import os
 from sys import maxsize
 
@@ -81,6 +80,7 @@ from . import (BsddbBaseCursor, DbReadBase)
 from ..utils.id import create_id
 from ..errors import DbError
 from ..constfunc import UNITYPE, STRTYPE, cuni
+from ..const import GRAMPS_LOCALE as glocale
 
 LOG = logging.getLogger(DBLOGNAME)
 LOG = logging.getLogger(".citation")
@@ -1645,7 +1645,7 @@ class DbBsddbRead(DbReadBase, Callback):
     def __sortbyperson_key(self, handle):
         if isinstance(handle, UNITYPE):
             handle = handle.encode('utf-8')
-        return locale.strxfrm(find_surname(handle, 
+        return glocale.sort_key(find_surname(handle, 
                                            self.person_map.get(handle)))
 
     def __sortbyplace(self, first, second):
@@ -1653,13 +1653,13 @@ class DbBsddbRead(DbReadBase, Callback):
             first = first.encode('utf-8')
         if isinstance(second, UNITYPE):
             second = second.encode('utf-8')
-        return locale.strcoll(self.place_map.get(first)[2], 
+        return glocale.strcoll(self.place_map.get(first)[2], 
                               self.place_map.get(second)[2])
 
     def __sortbyplace_key(self, place):
         if isinstance(place, UNITYPE):
             place = place.encode('utf-8')
-        return locale.strxfrm(self.place_map.get(place)[2])
+        return glocale.sort_key(self.place_map.get(place)[2])
 
     def __sortbysource(self, first, second):
         if isinstance(first, UNITYPE):
@@ -1668,13 +1668,13 @@ class DbBsddbRead(DbReadBase, Callback):
             second = second.encode('utf-8')
         source1 = cuni(self.source_map[first][2])
         source2 = cuni(self.source_map[second][2])
-        return locale.strcoll(source1, source2)
+        return glocale.strcoll(source1, source2)
         
     def __sortbysource_key(self, key):
         if isinstance(key, UNITYPE):
             key = key.encode('utf-8')
         source = cuni(self.source_map[key][2])
-        return locale.strxfrm(source)
+        return glocale.sort_key(source)
 
     def __sortbycitation(self, first, second):
         if isinstance(first, UNITYPE):
@@ -1683,13 +1683,13 @@ class DbBsddbRead(DbReadBase, Callback):
             second = second.encode('utf-8')
         citation1 = cuni(self.citation_map[first][3])
         citation2 = cuni(self.citation_map[second][3])
-        return locale.strcoll(citation1, citation2)
+        return glocale.strcoll(citation1, citation2)
         
     def __sortbycitation_key(self, key):
         if isinstance(key, UNITYPE):
             key = key.encode('utf-8')
         citation = cuni(self.citation_map[key][3])
-        return locale.strxfrm(citation)
+        return glocale.sort_key(citation)
 
     def __sortbymedia(self, first, second):
         if isinstance(first, UNITYPE):
@@ -1698,13 +1698,13 @@ class DbBsddbRead(DbReadBase, Callback):
             second = second.encode('utf-8')
         media1 = self.media_map[first][4]
         media2 = self.media_map[second][4]
-        return locale.strcoll(media1, media2)
+        return glocale.strcoll(media1, media2)
 
     def __sortbymedia_key(self, key):
         if isinstance(key, UNITYPE):
             key = key.encode('utf-8')
         media = self.media_map[key][4]
-        return locale.strxfrm(media)
+        return glocale.sort_key(media)
 
     def __sortbytag(self, first, second):
         if isinstance(first, UNITYPE):
@@ -1713,13 +1713,13 @@ class DbBsddbRead(DbReadBase, Callback):
             second = second.encode('utf-8')
         tag1 = self.tag_map[first][1]
         tag2 = self.tag_map[second][1]
-        return locale.strcoll(tag1, tag2)
+        return glocale.strcoll(tag1, tag2)
 
     def __sortbytag_key(self, key):
         if isinstance(key, UNITYPE):
             key = key.encode('utf-8')
         tag = self.tag_map[key][1]
-        return locale.strxfrm(tag)
+        return glocale.sort_key(tag)
 
     def set_mediapath(self, path):
         """Set the default media path for database, path should be utf-8."""
diff --git a/gramps/gen/db/write.py b/gramps/gen/db/write.py
index aadd976fe..a3f12ff03 100644
--- a/gramps/gen/db/write.py
+++ b/gramps/gen/db/write.py
@@ -40,14 +40,11 @@ else:
     import pickle
 import os
 import time
-import locale
 import bisect
 from functools import wraps
 import logging
 from sys import maxsize
 
-from ..const import GRAMPS_LOCALE as glocale
-_ = glocale.get_translation().gettext
 from ..config import config
 if config.get('preferences.use-bsddb3') or sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
     from bsddb3 import dbshelve, db
@@ -78,10 +75,12 @@ from . import (DbBsddbRead, DbWriteBase, BSDDBTxn,
                     find_byte_surname, find_surname_name, DbUndoBSDDB as DbUndo)
 from .dbconst import *
 from ..utils.callback import Callback
-from ..utils.cast import (conv_unicode_tosrtkey, conv_dbstr_to_unicode)
+from ..utils.cast import conv_dbstr_to_unicode
 from ..updatecallback import UpdateCallback
 from ..errors import DbError
 from ..constfunc import win, conv_to_unicode, cuni, UNITYPE, handle2internal
+from ..const import GRAMPS_LOCALE as glocale
+_ = glocale.get_translation().gettext
 
 _LOG = logging.getLogger(DBLOGNAME)
 LOG = logging.getLogger(".citation")
@@ -1499,7 +1498,7 @@ class DbBsddb(DbBsddbRead, DbWriteBase, UpdateCallback):
             self.emit('person-groupname-rebuild', (name, grouppar))
 
     def sort_surname_list(self):
-        self.surname_list.sort(key=conv_unicode_tosrtkey)
+        self.surname_list.sort(key=glocale.sort_key)
 
     @catch_db_error
     def build_surname_list(self):
@@ -1511,7 +1510,7 @@ class DbBsddb(DbBsddbRead, DbWriteBase, UpdateCallback):
         #TODO GTK3: Why double conversion? Convert to a list of str objects!
         self.surname_list = sorted(
                         map(conv_dbstr_to_unicode, set(self.surnames.keys())), 
-                        key=conv_unicode_tosrtkey)
+                        key=glocale.sort_key)
 
     def add_to_surname_list(self, person, batch_transaction):
         """
diff --git a/gramps/gen/sort.py b/gramps/gen/sort.py
index 14dd635f4..ceb3f9e2b 100644
--- a/gramps/gen/sort.py
+++ b/gramps/gen/sort.py
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ to make sure these remain in sync with the rest of the design.
 # Standard python modules
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-import locale
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
@@ -42,6 +41,7 @@ import locale
 from .lib import Date
 from .utils.db import get_birth_or_fallback
 from .display.name import displayer as _nd
+from .const import GRAMPS_LOCALE as glocale
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
@@ -70,11 +70,11 @@ class Sort(object):
 ##            ffn = name1.get_first_name()
 ##            sfn = name2.get_first_name()
 ##            if ffn == sfn:
-##                return locale.strcoll(name1.get_suffix(), name2.get_suffix())
+##                return glocale.strcoll(name1.get_suffix(), name2.get_suffix())
 ##            else:
-##                return locale.strcoll(ffn, sfn)
+##                return glocale.strcoll(ffn, sfn)
 ##        else:
-##            return locale.strcoll(fsn, ssn)
+##            return glocale.strcoll(fsn, ssn)
 
     def by_last_name_key(self, first_id):
         """Sort routine for comparing two last names. If last names are equal, 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class Sort(object):
         fsn = name1.get_surname()
         ffn = name1.get_first_name()
         fsu = name1.get_suffix()
-        return locale.strxfrm(fsn + ffn + fsu)
+        return glocale.sort_key(fsn + ffn + fsu)
 
 ##    def by_sorted_name(self, first_id, second_id):
 ##        """
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ class Sort(object):
 ##        name1 = _nd.sorted(first)
 ##        name2 = _nd.sorted(second)
 ##
-##        return locale.strcoll(name1, name2)
+##        return glocale.strcoll(name1, name2)
 
     def by_sorted_name_key(self, first_id):
         """
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ class Sort(object):
 
         name1 = _nd.sorted(first)
 
-        return locale.strxfrm(name1)
+        return glocale.sort_key(name1)
 
 ##    def by_birthdate(self, first_id, second_id):
 ##        """Sort routine for comparing two people by birth dates. If the birth dates
@@ -175,14 +175,14 @@ class Sort(object):
 ##            return 0
 ##        a_obj = self.database.get_place_from_handle(a_id)
 ##        b_obj = self.database.get_place_from_handle(b_id)
-##        return locale.strcoll(a_obj.title, b_obj.title)
+##        return glocale.strcoll(a_obj.title, b_obj.title)
 
     def by_place_title_key(self, a_id):
         """Sort routine for comparing two places. """
         if not a_id:
             return 0
         a_obj = self.database.get_place_from_handle(a_id)
-        return locale.strxfrm(a_obj.title)
+        return glocale.sort_key(a_obj.title)
 
 ##    def by_event_place(self, a_id, b_id):
 ##        """Sort routine for comparing two events by their places. """
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ class Sort(object):
 ##            plc_a_title = plc_a.title
 ##        if plc_b:
 ##            plc_b_title = plc_b.title
-##        return locale.strcoll(plc_a_title, plc_b_title)
+##        return glocale.strcoll(plc_a_title, plc_b_title)
 
     def by_event_place_key(self, a_id):
         """Sort routine for comparing two events by their places. """
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ class Sort(object):
         evt_a = self.database.get_event_from_handle(a_id)
         plc_a = self.database.get_place_from_handle(evt_a.get_place_handle())
         plc_a_title = plc_a.title if plc_a else ""
-        return locale.strxfrm(plc_a_title)
+        return glocale.sort_key(plc_a_title)
 
 ##    def by_event_description(self, a_id, b_id):
 ##        """Sort routine for comparing two events by their descriptions. """
@@ -215,14 +215,14 @@ class Sort(object):
 ##            return 0
 ##        evt_a = self.database.get_event_from_handle(a_id)
 ##        evt_b = self.database.get_event_from_handle(b_id)
-##        return locale.strcoll(evt_a.get_description(), evt_b.get_description())
+##        return glocale.strcoll(evt_a.get_description(), evt_b.get_description())
 
     def by_event_description_key(self, a_id):
         """Sort routine for comparing two events by their descriptions. """
         if not a_id:
             return 0
         evt_a = self.database.get_event_from_handle(a_id)
-        return locale.strxfrm(evt_a.get_description())
+        return glocale.sort_key(evt_a.get_description())
 
 ##    def by_event_id(self, a_id, b_id):
 ##        """Sort routine for comparing two events by their ID. """
@@ -230,14 +230,14 @@ class Sort(object):
 ##            return 0
 ##        evt_a = self.database.get_event_from_handle(a_id)
 ##        evt_b = self.database.get_event_from_handle(b_id)
-##        return locale.strcoll(evt_a.get_gramps_id(), evt_b.get_gramps_id())
+##        return glocale.strcoll(evt_a.get_gramps_id(), evt_b.get_gramps_id())
 
     def by_event_id_key(self, a_id):
         """Sort routine for comparing two events by their ID. """
         if not a_id:
             return 0
         evt_a = self.database.get_event_from_handle(a_id)
-        return locale.strxfrm(evt_a.get_gramps_id())
+        return glocale.sort_key(evt_a.get_gramps_id())
 
 ##    def by_event_type(self, a_id, b_id):
 ##        """Sort routine for comparing two events by their type. """
@@ -245,14 +245,14 @@ class Sort(object):
 ##            return 0
 ##        evt_a = self.database.get_event_from_handle(a_id)
 ##        evt_b = self.database.get_event_from_handle(b_id)
-##        return locale.strcoll(str(evt_a.get_type()), str(evt_b.get_type()))
+##        return glocale.strcoll(str(evt_a.get_type()), str(evt_b.get_type()))
 
     def by_event_type_key(self, a_id):
         """Sort routine for comparing two events by their type. """
         if not a_id:
             return 0
         evt_a = self.database.get_event_from_handle(a_id)
-        return locale.strxfrm(str(evt_a.get_type()))
+        return glocale.sort_key(str(evt_a.get_type()))
     
 ##    def by_media_title(self,a_id,b_id):
 ##        """Sort routine for comparing two media objects by their title. """
@@ -260,11 +260,11 @@ class Sort(object):
 ##            return False
 ##        a = self.database.get_object_from_handle(a_id)
 ##        b = self.database.get_object_from_handle(b_id)
-##        return locale.strcoll(a.desc, b.desc)
+##        return glocale.strcoll(a.desc, b.desc)
     
     def by_media_title_key(self, a_id):
         """Sort routine for comparing two media objects by their title. """
         if not a_id:
             return False
         a = self.database.get_object_from_handle(a_id)
-        return locale.strxfrm(a.desc)
+        return glocale.sort_key(a.desc)
diff --git a/gramps/gen/utils/cast.py b/gramps/gen/utils/cast.py
index f9e7fa1f8..75c5f2a9f 100644
--- a/gramps/gen/utils/cast.py
+++ b/gramps/gen/utils/cast.py
@@ -44,56 +44,6 @@ LOG = logging.getLogger(".")
 from ..datehandler import codeset
 from ..constfunc import conv_to_unicode, conv_to_unicode_direct, UNITYPE, STRTYPE
 
-try:
-    import PyICU
-    if os.environ.has_key("LC_COLLATE"):
-        collation = os.environ['LC_COLLATE']
-    else:
-        collation = os.environ["LANG"]
-    language_and_country = collation.rsplit('.', 1)[0]
-    if language_and_country in PyICU.Collator.getAvailableLocales().keys():
-        loc = language_and_country
-    else:
-        language = collation.rsplit('_', 1)[0]
-        if language in PyICU.Collator.getAvailableLocales().keys():
-            LOG.warn(_("Language and country %s not supported by ICU: "
-                       "but language %s is supported and will be used" %
-                       (language_and_country, language)))
-            loc = language
-        else:
-            LOG.warn(_("Neither Language and country %s nor language %s "
-                       "supported by ICU: using en_GB" % 
-                       (language_and_country, language)))
-            loc = "en_GB"
-    
-    collator = PyICU.Collator.createInstance(PyICU.Locale(loc))
-    # on ICU, the functions need to receive unicode
-    conv_unicode_tosrtkey = lambda x: collator.getCollationKey(
-                                        x).getByteArray()
-    conv_str_tosrtkey = lambda x: collator.getCollationKey(
-                                        x.decode("UTF-8")).getByteArray()
-except:
-    """
-    strxfrm needs it's unicode argument correctly cast before used.
-    """
-    if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
-        conv_unicode_tosrtkey = lambda x: locale.strxfrm(x.encode(codeset, 'replace'))
-    else:
-        conv_unicode_tosrtkey = lambda x: locale.strxfrm(x)
-    
-    if codeset == 'UTF-8':
-        conv_str_tosrtkey = lambda x: locale.strxfrm(x)
-    else:
-        conv_str_tosrtkey = lambda x: locale.strxfrm(
-                            conv_to_unicode(x,'UTF-8').encode(codeset, 'replace'))
-
-def conv_tosrtkey(value):
-    if isinstance(value, UNITYPE):
-        return conv_unicode_tosrtkey(value)
-    elif not isinstance(value, STRTYPE):
-        return conv_str_tosrtkey(str(value))
-    return conv_str_tosrtkey(value)
-
 #strings in database are utf-8
 conv_dbstr_to_unicode = lambda x: conv_to_unicode(x, 'UTF-8')
 
diff --git a/gramps/gen/utils/grampslocale.py b/gramps/gen/utils/grampslocale.py
index 4d4b409c4..4ad53c275 100644
--- a/gramps/gen/utils/grampslocale.py
+++ b/gramps/gen/utils/grampslocale.py
@@ -32,6 +32,13 @@ import os
 import locale
 import logging
 LOG = logging.getLogger("gramps.gen.util.grampslocale")
+LOG.addHandler(logging.StreamHandler())
+HAVE_ICU = False
+try:
+    from icu import Locale, Collator
+    HAVE_ICU = True
+except ImportError as err:
+    LOG.warning("ICU is not installed because %s, localization will be impaired", str(err))
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
 # gramps modules
@@ -239,6 +246,19 @@ class GrampsLocale(object):
             if len(self.language) == 0:
                 self.language = self._GrampsLocale__first_instance.language
 
+        self.icu_locales = {}
+        self.collator = None
+        if HAVE_ICU:
+            self.icu_locales["default"] = Locale.createFromName(self.lang)
+            if self.collation != self.lang:
+                self.icu_locales["collation"] = Locale.createFromName(self.collation)
+            else:
+                self.icu_locales["collation"] = self.icu_locales["default"]
+            try:
+                self.collator = Collator.createInstance(self.icu_locales["collation"])
+            except ICUError as err:
+                LOG.warning("Unable to create collator: %s", str(err))
+                self.collator = None
 
         self.translation = self._get_translation(self.localedomain,
                                                  self.localedir, self.language)
@@ -513,6 +533,36 @@ class GrampsLocale(object):
 
         return "utf-8"
 
+    def sort_key(self, string):
+        """
+        Return a value suitable to pass to the "key" parameter of sorted()
+        """
+
+        if HAVE_ICU and self.collator:
+            #ICU can digest strings and unicode
+            return self.collator.getCollationKey(string).getByteArray()
+        else:
+            base_locale = locale.getlocale(locale.LC_COLLATE)
+            locale.setlocale(locale.LC_COLLATE, self.collation)
+            #locale in Python2 can't.
+            if sys.version_info[0] < 3 and isinstance(string, unicode):
+                key = locale.strxfrm(string.encode("utf-8", "replace"))
+            else:
+                key = locale.strxfrm(string)
+
+            locale.setlocale(locale.LC_COLLATE, base_locale)
+            return key
+
+    def strcoll(self, string1, string2):
+        """
+        Given two localized strings, compare them and return -1 if
+        string1 would sort first, 1 if string2 would, and 0 if
+        they are the same.
+        """
+        key1 = self.sort_key(string1)
+        key2 = self.sort_key(string2)
+        return (-1 if key1 < key2 else (1 if key1 > key2 else 0))
+
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
 # Translations Classes
diff --git a/gramps/gui/autocomp.py b/gramps/gui/autocomp.py
index 7dacdd6ca..200d3ccbb 100644
--- a/gramps/gui/autocomp.py
+++ b/gramps/gui/autocomp.py
@@ -31,8 +31,6 @@ Provide autocompletion functionality.
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import print_function
 
-import locale
-
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
 # GNOME modules
@@ -41,8 +39,8 @@ import locale
 from gi.repository import Gtk
 from gi.repository import GObject
 
-
 from gramps.gen.constfunc import STRTYPE
+from gramps.gen.const import GRAMPS_LOCALE as glocale
 
 def fill_combo(combo, data_list):
     """
@@ -194,7 +192,7 @@ class StandardCustomSelector(object):
         """
         Method for sorting keys based on the values.
         """
-        return locale.strxfrm(self.mapping[val])
+        return glocale.sort_key(self.mapping[val])
 
     def get_values(self):
         """
diff --git a/gramps/gui/editors/displaytabs/surnametab.py b/gramps/gui/editors/displaytabs/surnametab.py
index c36954755..93da8fd99 100644
--- a/gramps/gui/editors/displaytabs/surnametab.py
+++ b/gramps/gui/editors/displaytabs/surnametab.py
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from gramps.gen.const import GRAMPS_LOCALE as glocale
 _ = glocale.get_translation().sgettext
-import locale
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
@@ -116,7 +115,7 @@ class SurnameTab(EmbeddedList):
         self.cmborig = Gtk.ListStore(GObject.TYPE_INT, GObject.TYPE_STRING)
         self.cmborigmap = no.get_map().copy()
         #sort the keys based on the value
-        keys = sorted(self.cmborigmap, key=lambda x: locale.strxfrm(self.cmborigmap[x]))
+        keys = sorted(self.cmborigmap, key=lambda x: glocale.sort_key(self.cmborigmap[x]))
         for key in keys:
             if key != no.get_custom():
                 self.cmborig.append(row=[key, self.cmborigmap[key]])
@@ -162,7 +161,7 @@ class SurnameTab(EmbeddedList):
 ##        """
 ##        fvalue = self.cmborigmap[first]
 ##        svalue = self.cmborigmap[second]
-##        return locale.strcoll(fvalue, svalue)
+##        return glocale.strcoll(fvalue, svalue)
 
     def get_data(self):
         return self.obj.get_surname_list()
diff --git a/gramps/gui/editors/filtereditor.py b/gramps/gui/editors/filtereditor.py
index 9e963d5bd..68187183f 100644
--- a/gramps/gui/editors/filtereditor.py
+++ b/gramps/gui/editors/filtereditor.py
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ Custom Filter Editor tool.
 # Python modules
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-import locale
 
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
@@ -903,7 +902,7 @@ class ShowResults(ManagedWindow):
 
         new_list = sorted(
                         (self.sort_val_from_handle(h) for h in handle_list),
-                        key=lambda x: locale.strxfrm(x[0])
+                        key=lambda x: glocale.sort_key(x[0])
                         )
 
         for s_, handle in new_list:
diff --git a/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/citationbasemodel.py b/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/citationbasemodel.py
index 37c5e8d99..0386d6651 100644
--- a/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/citationbasemodel.py
+++ b/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/citationbasemodel.py
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ import cgi
 import logging
 log = logging.getLogger(".")
 LOG = logging.getLogger(".citation")
-import locale
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
@@ -45,6 +44,7 @@ from gramps.gen.lib import Citation
 from gramps.gen.utils.string import confidence
 from gramps.gen.config import config
 from gramps.gen.constfunc import cuni
+from gramps.gen.const import GRAMPS_LOCALE as glocale
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ class CitationBaseModel(object):
         Return the sorted list of tags.
         """
         tag_list = list(map(self.get_tag_name, data[COLUMN_TAGS]))
-        return ', '.join(sorted(tag_list, key=locale.strxfrm))
+        return ', '.join(sorted(tag_list, key=glocale.sort_key))
 
     def citation_tag_color(self, data):
         """
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ class CitationBaseModel(object):
         try:
             source = self.db.get_source_from_handle(source_handle)
             tag_list = list(map(self.get_tag_name, source.get_tag_list()))
-            return ', '.join(sorted(tag_list, key=locale.strxfrm))
+            return ', '.join(sorted(tag_list, key=glocale.sort_key))
         except:
             return ''
 
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ class CitationBaseModel(object):
         Return the sorted list of tags.
         """
         tag_list = list(map(self.get_tag_name, data[COLUMN2_TAGS]))
-        return ', '.join(sorted(tag_list, key=locale.strxfrm))
+        return ', '.join(sorted(tag_list, key=glocale.sort_key))
 
     def source_src_tag_color(self, data):
         """
diff --git a/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/eventmodel.py b/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/eventmodel.py
index 5218dc144..ac92e5409 100644
--- a/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/eventmodel.py
+++ b/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/eventmodel.py
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
 import cgi
 import logging
 log = logging.getLogger(".")
-import locale
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
@@ -47,6 +46,7 @@ from gramps.gen.utils.db import get_participant_from_event
 from gramps.gen.config import config
 from gramps.gen.constfunc import cuni
 from .flatbasemodel import FlatBaseModel
+from gramps.gen.const import GRAMPS_LOCALE as glocale
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
@@ -206,4 +206,4 @@ class EventModel(FlatBaseModel):
         Return the sorted list of tags.
         """
         tag_list = list(map(self.get_tag_name, data[COLUMN_TAGS]))
-        return ', '.join(sorted(tag_list, key=locale.strxfrm))
+        return ', '.join(sorted(tag_list, key=glocale.sort_key))
diff --git a/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/familymodel.py b/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/familymodel.py
index 9d658ca66..dcfa42d59 100644
--- a/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/familymodel.py
+++ b/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/familymodel.py
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import logging
 log = logging.getLogger(".")
-import locale
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
@@ -48,6 +47,7 @@ from .flatbasemodel import FlatBaseModel
 from gramps.gen.utils.db import get_marriage_or_fallback
 from gramps.gen.config import config
 from gramps.gen.constfunc import cuni
+from gramps.gen.const import GRAMPS_LOCALE as glocale
 
 invalid_date_format = config.get('preferences.invalid-date-format')
 
@@ -200,4 +200,4 @@ class FamilyModel(FlatBaseModel):
         Return the sorted list of tags.
         """
         tag_list = list(map(self.get_tag_name, data[13]))
-        return ', '.join(sorted(tag_list, key=locale.strxfrm))
+        return ', '.join(sorted(tag_list, key=glocale.sort_key))
diff --git a/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/flatbasemodel.py b/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/flatbasemodel.py
index 0bf1993da..8551426d8 100644
--- a/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/flatbasemodel.py
+++ b/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/flatbasemodel.py
@@ -75,9 +75,9 @@ from gi.repository import Gtk
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from gramps.gen.filters import SearchFilter, ExactSearchFilter
-from gramps.gen.utils.cast import conv_unicode_tosrtkey, conv_tosrtkey
 from gramps.gen.constfunc import cuni, UNITYPE, conv_to_unicode, handle2internal
-    
+from gramps.gen.const import GRAMPS_LOCALE as glocale
+
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
 # FlatNodeMap
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class FlatNodeMap(object):
     the path, and a dictionary mapping hndl to index.
     To obtain index given a path, method real_index() is available
     
-    ..Note: conv_unicode_tosrtkey is applied to the underlying sort key,
+    ..Note: glocale.sort_key is applied to the underlying sort key,
             so as to have localized sort
     """
 
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ class FlatBaseModel(GObject.Object, Gtk.TreeModel):
     """
     The base class for all flat treeview models. 
     It keeps a FlatNodeMap, and obtains data from database as needed
-    ..Note: conv_unicode_tosrtkey is applied to the underlying sort key,
+    ..Note: glocale.sort_key is applied to the underlying sort key,
             so as to have localized sort
     """
 
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ class FlatBaseModel(GObject.Object, Gtk.TreeModel):
             col = self.sort_map[scol][1]
         else:
             col = scol
-        self.sort_func = lambda x: conv_unicode_tosrtkey(self.smap[col](x))
+        self.sort_func = lambda x: glocale.sort_key(self.smap[col](x))
         self.sort_col = scol
         self.skip = skip
         self._in_build = False
diff --git a/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/mediamodel.py b/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/mediamodel.py
index f4cc84098..a7e0306a9 100644
--- a/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/mediamodel.py
+++ b/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/mediamodel.py
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ from gramps.gen.const import GRAMPS_LOCALE as glocale
 _ = glocale.get_translation().gettext
 import logging
 log = logging.getLogger(".")
-import locale
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
@@ -46,6 +45,7 @@ from gi.repository import Gtk
 from gramps.gen.datehandler import displayer, format_time
 from gramps.gen.lib import Date, MediaObject
 from gramps.gen.constfunc import cuni, conv_to_unicode, UNITYPE
+from gramps.gen.const import GRAMPS_LOCALE as glocale
 from .flatbasemodel import FlatBaseModel
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -196,4 +196,4 @@ class MediaModel(FlatBaseModel):
         Return the sorted list of tags.
         """
         tag_list = list(map(self.get_tag_name, data[10]))
-        return ', '.join(sorted(tag_list, key=locale.strxfrm))
+        return ', '.join(sorted(tag_list, key=glocale.sort_key))
diff --git a/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/notemodel.py b/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/notemodel.py
index 29290537f..0188beb29 100644
--- a/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/notemodel.py
+++ b/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/notemodel.py
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import logging
 _LOG = logging.getLogger(".gui.notemodel")
-import locale
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
@@ -43,6 +42,7 @@ from gi.repository import Gtk
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from gramps.gen.datehandler import format_time
 from gramps.gen.constfunc import cuni
+from gramps.gen.const import GRAMPS_LOCALE as glocale
 from .flatbasemodel import FlatBaseModel
 from gramps.gen.lib import (Note, NoteType, StyledText)
 
@@ -161,4 +161,4 @@ class NoteModel(FlatBaseModel):
         Return the sorted list of tags.
         """
         tag_list = list(map(self.get_tag_name, data[Note.POS_TAGS]))
-        return ', '.join(sorted(tag_list, key=locale.strxfrm))
+        return ', '.join(sorted(tag_list, key=glocale.sort_key))
diff --git a/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/peoplemodel.py b/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/peoplemodel.py
index 9b7228dc3..1948312be 100644
--- a/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/peoplemodel.py
+++ b/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/peoplemodel.py
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ TreeModel for the GRAMPS Person tree.
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import cgi
-import locale
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
@@ -65,6 +64,7 @@ from .flatbasemodel import FlatBaseModel
 from .treebasemodel import TreeBaseModel
 from gramps.gen.config import config
 from gramps.gen.constfunc import cuni, UNITYPE
+from gramps.gen.const import GRAMPS_LOCALE as glocale
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ class PeopleBaseModel(object):
         Return the sorted list of tags.
         """
         tag_list = list(map(self.get_tag_name, data[COLUMN_TAGS]))
-        return ', '.join(sorted(tag_list, key=locale.strxfrm))
+        return ', '.join(sorted(tag_list, key=glocale.sort_key))
 
 class PersonListModel(PeopleBaseModel, FlatBaseModel):
     """
diff --git a/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/placemodel.py b/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/placemodel.py
index 2928ea846..c0523e6d3 100644
--- a/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/placemodel.py
+++ b/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/placemodel.py
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ Place Model.
 import cgi
 import logging
 _LOG = logging.getLogger(".gui.views.treemodels.placemodel")
-import locale
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
@@ -264,7 +263,7 @@ class PlaceBaseModel(object):
         Return the sorted list of tags.
         """
         tag_list = list(map(self.get_tag_name, data[12]))
-        return ', '.join(sorted(tag_list, key=locale.strxfrm))
+        return ', '.join(sorted(tag_list, key=glocale.sort_key))
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
diff --git a/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/repomodel.py b/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/repomodel.py
index dd37dbf87..27fbf8a72 100644
--- a/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/repomodel.py
+++ b/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/repomodel.py
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import logging
 log = logging.getLogger(".")
-import locale
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ from gramps.gen.lib import Address, RepositoryType, Url, UrlType
 from gramps.gen.datehandler import format_time
 from gramps.gen.constfunc import cuni
 from .flatbasemodel import FlatBaseModel
-
+from gramps.gen.const import GRAMPS_LOCALE as glocale
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
 # RepositoryModel
@@ -264,4 +263,4 @@ class RepositoryModel(FlatBaseModel):
         Return the sorted list of tags.
         """
         tag_list = list(map(self.get_tag_name, data[8]))
-        return ', '.join(sorted(tag_list, key=locale.strxfrm))
+        return ', '.join(sorted(tag_list, key=glocale.sort_key))
diff --git a/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/sourcemodel.py b/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/sourcemodel.py
index 52d34e980..569cfebf0 100644
--- a/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/sourcemodel.py
+++ b/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/sourcemodel.py
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import logging
 log = logging.getLogger(".")
-import locale
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
@@ -43,6 +42,7 @@ from gi.repository import Gtk
 from gramps.gen.datehandler import format_time
 from gramps.gen.constfunc import cuni
 from .flatbasemodel import FlatBaseModel
+from gramps.gen.const import GRAMPS_LOCALE as glocale
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
@@ -154,4 +154,4 @@ class SourceModel(FlatBaseModel):
         Return the sorted list of tags.
         """
         tag_list = list(map(self.get_tag_name, data[11]))
-        return ', '.join(sorted(tag_list, key=locale.strxfrm))
+        return ', '.join(sorted(tag_list, key=glocale.sort_key))
diff --git a/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/treebasemodel.py b/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/treebasemodel.py
index daa943e83..71db3b19a 100644
--- a/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/treebasemodel.py
+++ b/gramps/gui/views/treemodels/treebasemodel.py
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ from gi.repository import Gtk
 # GRAMPS modules
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-from gramps.gen.utils.cast import conv_str_tosrtkey, conv_unicode_tosrtkey
+from gramps.gen.const import GRAMPS_LOCALE as glocale
 import gramps.gui.widgets.progressdialog as progressdlg
 from gramps.gen.constfunc import cuni, UNITYPE
 from .lru import LRU
@@ -91,17 +91,9 @@ class Node(object):
 
     def __init__(self, ref, parent, sortkey, handle, secondary):
         if sortkey:
-            if isinstance(sortkey, UNITYPE):
-                self.name = sortkey
-                #sortkey must be localized sort, so 
-                self.sortkey = conv_unicode_tosrtkey(sortkey)
-            else:
-                self.name = sortkey.decode('utf-8')
-                #sortkey must be localized sort, so
-                if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
-                    self.sortkey = conv_str_tosrtkey(sortkey)
-                else:
-                    self.sortkey = conv_unicode_tosrtkey(self.name)
+            self.name = sortkey
+            #sortkey must be localized sort, so 
+            self.sortkey = glocale.sort_key(sortkey)
         else:
             self.name = ''
             self.sortkey = ''
diff --git a/gramps/gui/widgets/monitoredwidgets.py b/gramps/gui/widgets/monitoredwidgets.py
index 643e5fb72..0aec13ae3 100644
--- a/gramps/gui/widgets/monitoredwidgets.py
+++ b/gramps/gui/widgets/monitoredwidgets.py
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ __all__ = ["MonitoredCheckbox", "MonitoredEntry",
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import logging
 _LOG = logging.getLogger(".widgets.monitoredwidgets")
-import locale
 import sys
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -749,13 +748,13 @@ class MonitoredComboSelectedEntry(object):
         """
         fvalue = self.mapping[first]
         svalue = self.mapping[second]
-        return locale.strcoll(fvalue, svalue)
+        return glocale.strcoll(fvalue, svalue)
 
     def __by_value_key(self, first):
         """
         Method for sorting keys based on the values.
         """
-        return locale.strxfrm(self.mapping[first])
+        return glocale.sort_key(self.mapping[first])
 
     def on_combochange(self, obj):
         """
diff --git a/gramps/plugins/lib/libgrdb.py b/gramps/plugins/lib/libgrdb.py
index 0a7944199..470c9e826 100644
--- a/gramps/plugins/lib/libgrdb.py
+++ b/gramps/plugins/lib/libgrdb.py
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ else:
     import pickle
 import time
 import random
-import locale
 import os
 from sys import maxsize
 from gramps.gen.config import config
@@ -60,6 +59,7 @@ from gramps.gen.lib import (MediaObject, Person, Family, Source, Event, Place,
                      Repository, Note, GenderStats, Researcher)
 from gramps.gen.utils.callback import Callback
 from gramps.gen.constfunc import STRTYPE, cuni
+from gramps.gen.const import GRAMPS_LOCALE as glocale
 
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
@@ -1888,7 +1888,7 @@ class DbGrdb(Callback):
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     def sort_surname_list(self):
-        self.surname_list.sort(key=locale.strxfrm)
+        self.surname_list.sort(key=glocale.sort_key)
 
     def add_to_surname_list(self, person, batch_transaction):
         if batch_transaction:
@@ -2267,29 +2267,29 @@ class DbGrdb(Callback):
         return str(handle) in self.note_map
 
     def __sortbyplace(self, first, second):
-        return locale.strcoll(self.place_map.get(str(first))[2], 
+        return glocale.strcoll(self.place_map.get(str(first))[2], 
                               self.place_map.get(str(second))[2])
 
     def __sortbyplace_key(self, place):
-        return locale.strxfrm(self.place_map.get(str(place))[2])
+        return glocale.sort_key(self.place_map.get(str(place))[2])
 
     def __sortbysource(self, first, second):
         source1 = cuni(self.source_map[str(first)][2])
         source2 = cuni(self.source_map[str(second)][2])
-        return locale.strcoll(source1, source2)
+        return glocale.strcoll(source1, source2)
         
     def __sortbysource_key(self, key):
         source = cuni(self.source_map[str(key)][2])
-        return locale.strxfrm(source)
+        return glocale.sort_key(source)
 
     def __sortbymedia(self, first, second):
         media1 = self.media_map[str(first)][4]
         media2 = self.media_map[str(second)][4]
-        return locale.strcoll(media1, media2)
+        return glocale.strcoll(media1, media2)
 
     def __sortbymedia_key(self, key):
         media = self.media_map[str(key)][4]
-        return locale.strxfrm(media)
+        return glocale.sort_key(media)
 
     def set_mediapath(self, path):
         """Set the default media path for database, path should be utf-8."""
diff --git a/gramps/plugins/textreport/ancestorreport.py b/gramps/plugins/textreport/ancestorreport.py
index c5ea761dc..089459b16 100644
--- a/gramps/plugins/textreport/ancestorreport.py
+++ b/gramps/plugins/textreport/ancestorreport.py
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ class AncestorOptions(MenuReportOptions):
                                       Translator.DEFAULT_TRANSLATION_STR)
         trans.add_item(Translator.DEFAULT_TRANSLATION_STR, _("Default"))
         languages = glocale.get_language_dict()
-        for language in sorted(languages):
+        for language in sorted(languages, key=glocale.sort_key):
             trans.add_item(languages[language], language)
         trans.set_help(_("The translation to be used for the report."))
         menu.add_option(category_name, "trans", trans)
diff --git a/gramps/plugins/textreport/detancestralreport.py b/gramps/plugins/textreport/detancestralreport.py
index 0d1e51040..b5291b2de 100644
--- a/gramps/plugins/textreport/detancestralreport.py
+++ b/gramps/plugins/textreport/detancestralreport.py
@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ class DetAncestorOptions(MenuReportOptions):
                                       Translator.DEFAULT_TRANSLATION_STR)
         trans.add_item(Translator.DEFAULT_TRANSLATION_STR, _("Default"))
         languages = glocale.get_language_dict()
-        for language in sorted(languages):
+        for language in sorted(languages, key=glocale.sort_key):
             trans.add_item(languages[language], language)
         trans.set_help(_("The translation to be used for the report."))
         addopt("trans", trans)
diff --git a/gramps/plugins/textreport/detdescendantreport.py b/gramps/plugins/textreport/detdescendantreport.py
index 160028270..b536737aa 100644
--- a/gramps/plugins/textreport/detdescendantreport.py
+++ b/gramps/plugins/textreport/detdescendantreport.py
@@ -930,7 +930,7 @@ class DetDescendantOptions(MenuReportOptions):
                                       Translator.DEFAULT_TRANSLATION_STR)
         trans.add_item(Translator.DEFAULT_TRANSLATION_STR, _("Default"))
         languages = glocale.get_language_dict()
-        for language in sorted(languages):
+        for language in sorted(languages, key=glocale.sort_key):
             trans.add_item(languages[language], language)
         trans.set_help(_("The translation to be used for the report."))
         add_option("trans", trans)
diff --git a/gramps/plugins/tool/changetypes.py b/gramps/plugins/tool/changetypes.py
index 20f06a7f2..20365749e 100644
--- a/gramps/plugins/tool/changetypes.py
+++ b/gramps/plugins/tool/changetypes.py
@@ -31,16 +31,14 @@
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import print_function
 
-from gramps.gen.const import GRAMPS_LOCALE as glocale
-_ = glocale.get_translation().gettext
-
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
 # GRAMPS modules
 #
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from gramps.gui.utils import ProgressMeter
-import locale
+from gramps.gen.const import GRAMPS_LOCALE as glocale
+_ = glocale.get_translation().gettext
 from gramps.gui.managedwindow import ManagedWindow
 from gramps.gui.autocomp import fill_combo
 from gramps.gen.lib import EventType
@@ -80,7 +78,7 @@ class ChangeTypes(tool.BatchTool, ManagedWindow):
 
         # Need to display localized event names
         etype = EventType()
-        event_names = sorted(etype.get_standard_names(), key=locale.strxfrm)
+        event_names = sorted(etype.get_standard_names(), key=glocale.sort_key)
         
         fill_combo(self.auto1,event_names)
         fill_combo(self.auto2,event_names)
diff --git a/gramps/plugins/tool/notrelated.py b/gramps/plugins/tool/notrelated.py
index e1e799abe..18ea718ab 100644
--- a/gramps/plugins/tool/notrelated.py
+++ b/gramps/plugins/tool/notrelated.py
@@ -25,13 +25,6 @@
 
 "Find people who are not related to the selected person"
 
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------
-#
-# Python modules
-#
-#------------------------------------------------------------------------
-import locale
-
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
 # GNOME/GTK modules
@@ -472,7 +465,7 @@ class NotRelated(tool.ActivePersonTool, ManagedWindow) :
         for handle in person.get_tag_list():
             tag = self.db.get_tag_from_handle(handle)
             tags.append(tag.get_name())
-        tags.sort(key=locale.strxfrm)
+        tags.sort(key=glocale.sort_key)
         return ', '.join(tags)
 
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/gramps/plugins/webreport/narrativeweb.py b/gramps/plugins/webreport/narrativeweb.py
index 8608b318f..6e1ea9412 100644
--- a/gramps/plugins/webreport/narrativeweb.py
+++ b/gramps/plugins/webreport/narrativeweb.py
@@ -79,7 +79,6 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     from md5 import md5
 import time, datetime
-import locale
 import shutil
 import io
 import codecs
@@ -122,12 +121,11 @@ from gramps.gen.plug.menu import PersonOption, NumberOption, StringOption, \
 from gramps.gen.plug.report import ( Report, Bibliography)
 from gramps.gen.plug.report import utils as ReportUtils
 from gramps.gen.plug.report import MenuReportOptions
-                        
+
 from gramps.gen.utils.config import get_researcher
 from gramps.gen.utils.string import confidence
 from gramps.gen.utils.file import media_path_full
 from gramps.gen.utils.db import get_source_and_citation_referents
-from gramps.gen.utils.cast import conv_unicode_tosrtkey, conv_tosrtkey
 from gramps.gen.constfunc import win, cuni, conv_to_unicode, UNITYPE
 from gramps.gui.thumbnails import get_thumbnail_path, run_thumbnailer
 from gramps.gen.utils.image import image_size, resize_to_jpeg_buffer
@@ -2415,7 +2413,7 @@ class BasePage(object):
 
             ordered = Html("ol")
             section += ordered 
-            sortlist = sorted(handlelist, key=lambda x:locale.strxfrm(x[1]))
+            sortlist = sorted(handlelist, key=lambda x:glocale.sort_key(x[1]))
         
             for (path, name, gid) in sortlist:
                 list = Html("li")
@@ -3966,7 +3964,7 @@ class SurnameListPage(BasePage):
                             temp_list[index_val] = (surname, data_list)
 
                         ppl_handle_list = (temp_list[key]
-                            for key in sorted(temp_list, key = locale.strxfrm))
+                            for key in sorted(temp_list, key = glocale.sort_key))
 
                     last_letter = ''
                     last_surname = ''
@@ -4175,7 +4173,7 @@ class SourcePages(BasePage):
                     key = source.get_title() + str(source.get_gramps_id())
                     source_dict[key] = (source, handle)
             
-            keys = sorted(source_dict, key=locale.strxfrm)
+            keys = sorted(source_dict, key=glocale.sort_key)
 
             msg = _("This page contains an index of all the sources in the "
                     "database, sorted by their title. Clicking on a source&#8217;s "
@@ -6523,7 +6521,7 @@ class RepositoryPages(BasePage):
             key = repository.get_name() + str(repository.get_gramps_id())
             repos_dict[key] = (repository, repository_handle)
             
-        keys = sorted(repos_dict, key = locale.strxfrm)
+        keys = sorted(repos_dict, key = glocale.sort_key)
 
         # RepositoryListPage Class
         self.RepositoryListPage(self.report, title, repos_dict, keys)
@@ -8482,14 +8480,14 @@ def sort_people(dbase, handle_list):
 
     sorted_lists = []
     # According to the comment in flatbasemodel:         This list is sorted
-    # ascending, via localized string sort. conv_unicode_tosrtkey which
+    # ascending, via localized string sort. glocale.sort_key which
     # uses strxfrm, which is apparently broken in Win ?? --> they should fix
     # base lib, we need strxfrm, fix it in the Utils module.
-    temp_list = sorted(sname_sub, key=conv_unicode_tosrtkey)
+    temp_list = sorted(sname_sub, key=glocale.sort_key)
     
     for name in temp_list:
         slist = sorted(((sortnames[x], x) for x in sname_sub[name]), 
-                    key=lambda x:conv_unicode_tosrtkey(x[0]))
+                    key=lambda x:glocale.sort_key(x[0]))
         entries = [x[1] for x in slist]
         sorted_lists.append((name, entries))
 
@@ -8622,7 +8620,7 @@ def alphabet_navigation(menu_set):
         sorted_set[menu_item] += 1
 
     # remove the number of each occurance of each letter
-    sorted_alpha_index = sorted(sorted_set, key = locale.strxfrm)
+    sorted_alpha_index = sorted(sorted_set, key = glocale.sort_key)
 
     # if no letters, return None to its callers
     if not sorted_alpha_index: