/* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */ /* * universal getopt32 implementation for busybox * * Copyright (C) 2003-2005 Vladimir Oleynik * * Licensed under GPLv2 or later, see file LICENSE in this tarball for details. */ #include #include "libbb.h" /* Documentation uint32_t getopt32(char **argv, const char *applet_opts, ...) The command line options must be declared in const char *applet_opts as a string of chars, for example: flags = getopt32(argv, "rnug"); If one of the given options is found, a flag value is added to the return value (an unsigned long). The flag value is determined by the position of the char in applet_opts string. For example, in the above case: flags = getopt32(argv, "rnug"); "r" will add 1 (bit 0) "n" will add 2 (bit 1) "u" will add 4 (bit 2) "g" will add 8 (bit 3) and so on. You can also look at the return value as a bit field and each option sets one bit. On exit, global variable optind is set so that if you will do argc -= optind; argv += optind; then argc will be equal to number of remaining non-option arguments, first one would be in argv[0], next in argv[1] and so on (options and their parameters will be moved into argv[] positions prior to argv[optind]). ":" If one of the options requires an argument, then add a ":" after the char in applet_opts and provide a pointer to store the argument. For example: char *pointer_to_arg_for_a; char *pointer_to_arg_for_b; char *pointer_to_arg_for_c; char *pointer_to_arg_for_d; flags = getopt32(argv, "a:b:c:d:", &pointer_to_arg_for_a, &pointer_to_arg_for_b, &pointer_to_arg_for_c, &pointer_to_arg_for_d); The type of the pointer (char* or llist_t*) may be controlled by the "::" special separator that is set in the external string opt_complementary (see below for more info). "::" If option can have an *optional* argument, then add a "::" after its char in applet_opts and provide a pointer to store the argument. Note that optional arguments _must_ immediately follow the option: -oparam, not -o param. "+" If the first character in the applet_opts string is a plus, then option processing will stop as soon as a non-option is encountered in the argv array. Useful for applets like env which should not process arguments to subprograms: env -i ls -d / Here we want env to process just the '-i', not the '-d'. const char *applet_long_options This struct allows you to define long options: static const char applet_longopts[] ALIGN1 = //"name\0" has_arg val "verbose\0" No_argument "v" ; applet_long_options = applet_longopts; The last member of struct option (val) typically is set to matching short option from applet_opts. If there is no matching char in applet_opts, then: - return bit have next position after short options - if has_arg is not "No_argument", use ptr for arg also - opt_complementary affects it too Note: a good applet will make long options configurable via the config process and not a required feature. The current standard is to name the config option CONFIG_FEATURE__LONG_OPTIONS. const char *opt_complementary ":" The colon (":") is used to separate groups of two or more chars and/or groups of chars and special characters (stating some conditions to be checked). "abc" If groups of two or more chars are specified, the first char is the main option and the other chars are secondary options. Their flags will be turned on if the main option is found even if they are not specifed on the command line. For example: opt_complementary = "abc"; flags = getopt32(argv, "abcd") If getopt() finds "-a" on the command line, then getopt32's return value will be as if "-a -b -c" were found. "ww" Adjacent double options have a counter associated which indicates the number of occurences of the option. For example the ps applet needs: if w is given once, GNU ps sets the width to 132, if w is given more than once, it is "unlimited" int w_counter = 0; // must be initialized! opt_complementary = "ww"; getopt32(argv, "w", &w_counter); if (w_counter) width = (w_counter == 1) ? 132 : INT_MAX; else get_terminal_width(...&width...); w_counter is a pointer to an integer. It has to be passed to getopt32() after all other option argument sinks. For example: accept multiple -v to indicate the level of verbosity and for each -b optarg, add optarg to my_b. Finally, if b is given, turn off c and vice versa: llist_t *my_b = NULL; int verbose_level = 0; opt_complementary = "vv:b::b-c:c-b"; f = getopt32(argv, "vb:c", &my_b, &verbose_level); if (f & 2) // -c after -b unsets -b flag while (my_b) dosomething_with(llist_pop(&my_b)); if (my_b) // but llist is stored if -b is specified free_llist(my_b); if (verbose_level) printf("verbose level is %d\n", verbose_level); Special characters: "-" A dash as the first char in a opt_complementary group forces all arguments to be treated as options, even if they have no leading dashes. Next char in this case can't be a digit (0-9), use ':' or end of line. For example: opt_complementary = "-:w-x:x-w"; getopt32(argv, "wx"); Allows any arguments to be given without a dash (./program w x) as well as with a dash (./program -x). "--" A double dash at the beginning of opt_complementary means the argv[1] string should always be treated as options, even if it isn't prefixed with a "-". This is useful for special syntax in applets such as "ar" and "tar": tar xvf foo.tar "-N" A dash as the first char in a opt_complementary group followed by a single digit (0-9) means that at least N non-option arguments must be present on the command line "=N" An equal sign as the first char in a opt_complementary group followed by a single digit (0-9) means that exactly N non-option arguments must be present on the command line "?N" A "?" as the first char in a opt_complementary group followed by a single digit (0-9) means that at most N arguments must be present on the command line. "V-" An option with dash before colon or end-of-line results in bb_show_usage() being called if this option is encountered. This is typically used to implement "print verbose usage message and exit" option. "a-b" A dash between two options causes the second of the two to be unset (and ignored) if it is given on the command line. [FIXME: what if they are the same? like "x-x"? Is it ever useful?] For example: The du applet has the options "-s" and "-d depth". If getopt32 finds -s, then -d is unset or if it finds -d then -s is unset. (Note: busybox implements the GNU "--max-depth" option as "-d".) To obtain this behavior, you set opt_complementary = "s-d:d-s". Only one flag value is added to getopt32's return value depending on the position of the options on the command line. If one of the two options requires an argument pointer (":" in applet_opts as in "d:") optarg is set accordingly. char *smax_print_depth; opt_complementary = "s-d:d-s:x-x"; opt = getopt32(argv, "sd:x", &smax_print_depth); if (opt & 2) max_print_depth = atoi(smax_print_depth); if (opt & 4) printf("Detected odd -x usage\n"); "a--b" A double dash between two options, or between an option and a group of options, means that they are mutually exclusive. Unlike the "-" case above, an error will be forced if the options are used together. For example: The cut applet must have only one type of list specified, so -b, -c and -f are mutually exclusive and should raise an error if specified together. In this case you must set opt_complementary = "b--cf:c--bf:f--bc". If two of the mutually exclusive options are found, getopt32 will call bb_show_usage() and die. "x--x" Variation of the above, it means that -x option should occur at most once. "a+" A plus after a char in opt_complementary means that the parameter for this option is a nonnegative integer. It will be processed with xatoi_u() - allowed range is 0..INT_MAX. int param; // "unsigned param;" will also work opt_complementary = "p+"; getopt32(argv, "p:", ¶m); "a::" A double colon after a char in opt_complementary means that the option can occur multiple times. Each occurrence will be saved as a llist_t element instead of char*. For example: The grep applet can have one or more "-e pattern" arguments. In this case you should use getopt32() as follows: llist_t *patterns = NULL; (this pointer must be initializated to NULL if the list is empty as required by llist_add_to_end(llist_t **old_head, char *new_item).) opt_complementary = "e::"; getopt32(argv, "e:", &patterns); $ grep -e user -e root /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash user:x:500:500::/home/user:/bin/bash "a?b" A "?" between an option and a group of options means that at least one of them is required to occur if the first option occurs in preceding command line arguments. For example from "id" applet: // Don't allow -n -r -rn -ug -rug -nug -rnug opt_complementary = "r?ug:n?ug:u--g:g--u"; flags = getopt32(argv, "rnug"); This example allowed only: $ id; id -u; id -g; id -ru; id -nu; id -rg; id -ng; id -rnu; id -rng "X" A opt_complementary group with just a single letter means that this option is required. If more than one such group exists, at least one option is required to occur (not all of them). For example from "start-stop-daemon" applet: // Don't allow -KS -SK, but -S or -K is required opt_complementary = "K:S:K--S:S--K"; flags = getopt32(argv, "KS...); Don't forget to use ':'. For example, "?322-22-23X-x-a" is interpreted as "?3:22:-2:2-2:2-3Xa:2--x" - max 3 args; count uses of '-2'; min 2 args; if there is a '-2' option then unset '-3', '-X' and '-a'; if there is a '-2' and after it a '-x' then error out. But it's far too obfuscated. Use ':' to separate groups. */ /* Code here assumes that 'unsigned' is at least 32 bits wide */ const char *const bb_argv_dash[] = { "-", NULL }; const char *opt_complementary; enum { PARAM_STRING, PARAM_LIST, PARAM_INT, }; typedef struct { unsigned char opt_char; smallint param_type; unsigned switch_on; unsigned switch_off; unsigned incongruously; unsigned requires; void **optarg; /* char**, llist_t** or int *. */ int *counter; } t_complementary; /* You can set applet_long_options for parse called long options */ #if ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG static const struct option bb_null_long_options[1] = { { 0, 0, 0, 0 } }; const char *applet_long_options; #endif uint32_t option_mask32; uint32_t FAST_FUNC getopt32(char **argv, const char *applet_opts, ...) { int argc; unsigned flags = 0; unsigned requires = 0; t_complementary complementary[33]; /* last stays zero-filled */ int c; const unsigned char *s; t_complementary *on_off; va_list p; #if ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG const struct option *l_o; struct option *long_options = (struct option *) &bb_null_long_options; #endif unsigned trigger; char **pargv; int min_arg = 0; int max_arg = -1; #define SHOW_USAGE_IF_ERROR 1 #define ALL_ARGV_IS_OPTS 2 #define FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT 4 int spec_flgs = 0; argc = 0; while (argv[argc]) argc++; va_start(p, applet_opts); c = 0; on_off = complementary; memset(on_off, 0, sizeof(complementary)); /* skip GNU extension */ s = (const unsigned char *)applet_opts; if (*s == '+' || *s == '-') s++; while (*s) { if (c >= 32) break; on_off->opt_char = *s; on_off->switch_on = (1 << c); if (*++s == ':') { on_off->optarg = va_arg(p, void **); while (*++s == ':') continue; } on_off++; c++; } #if ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG if (applet_long_options) { const char *optstr; unsigned i, count; count = 1; optstr = applet_long_options; while (optstr[0]) { optstr += strlen(optstr) + 3; /* skip NUL, has_arg, val */ count++; } /* count == no. of longopts + 1 */ long_options = alloca(count * sizeof(*long_options)); memset(long_options, 0, count * sizeof(*long_options)); i = 0; optstr = applet_long_options; while (--count) { long_options[i].name = optstr; optstr += strlen(optstr) + 1; long_options[i].has_arg = (unsigned char)(*optstr++); /* long_options[i].flag = NULL; */ long_options[i].val = (unsigned char)(*optstr++); i++; } for (l_o = long_options; l_o->name; l_o++) { if (l_o->flag) continue; for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt_char; on_off++) if (on_off->opt_char == l_o->val) goto next_long; if (c >= 32) break; on_off->opt_char = l_o->val; on_off->switch_on = (1 << c); if (l_o->has_arg != no_argument) on_off->optarg = va_arg(p, void **); c++; next_long: ; } } #endif /* ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG */ for (s = (const unsigned char *)opt_complementary; s && *s; s++) { t_complementary *pair; unsigned *pair_switch; if (*s == ':') continue; c = s[1]; if (*s == '?') { if (c < '0' || c > '9') { spec_flgs |= SHOW_USAGE_IF_ERROR; } else { max_arg = c - '0'; s++; } continue; } if (*s == '-') { if (c < '0' || c > '9') { if (c == '-') { spec_flgs |= FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT; s++; } else spec_flgs |= ALL_ARGV_IS_OPTS; } else { min_arg = c - '0'; s++; } continue; } if (*s == '=') { min_arg = max_arg = c - '0'; s++; continue; } for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt_char; on_off++) if (on_off->opt_char == *s) break; if (c == ':' && s[2] == ':') { on_off->param_type = PARAM_LIST; continue; } if (c == '+' && (s[2] == ':' || s[2] == '\0')) { on_off->param_type = PARAM_INT; continue; } if (c == ':' || c == '\0') { requires |= on_off->switch_on; continue; } if (c == '-' && (s[2] == ':' || s[2] == '\0')) { flags |= on_off->switch_on; on_off->incongruously |= on_off->switch_on; s++; continue; } if (c == *s) { on_off->counter = va_arg(p, int *); s++; } pair = on_off; pair_switch = &(pair->switch_on); for (s++; *s && *s != ':'; s++) { if (*s == '?') { pair_switch = &(pair->requires); } else if (*s == '-') { if (pair_switch == &(pair->switch_off)) pair_switch = &(pair->incongruously); else pair_switch = &(pair->switch_off); } else { for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt_char; on_off++) if (on_off->opt_char == *s) { *pair_switch |= on_off->switch_on; break; } } } s--; } va_end(p); if (spec_flgs & (FIRST_ARGV_IS_OPT | ALL_ARGV_IS_OPTS)) { pargv = argv + 1; while (*pargv) { if (pargv[0][0] != '-' && pargv[0][0] != '\0') { char *pp = alloca(strlen(*pargv) + 2); *pp = '-'; strcpy(pp + 1, *pargv); *pargv = pp; } if (!(spec_flgs & ALL_ARGV_IS_OPTS)) break; pargv++; } } /* In case getopt32 was already called: * reset the libc getopt() function, which keeps internal state. * * BSD-derived getopt() functions require that optind be set to 1 in * order to reset getopt() state. This used to be generally accepted * way of resetting getopt(). However, glibc's getopt() * has additional getopt() state beyond optind, and requires that * optind be set to zero to reset its state. So the unfortunate state of * affairs is that BSD-derived versions of getopt() misbehave if * optind is set to 0 in order to reset getopt(), and glibc's getopt() * will core dump if optind is set 1 in order to reset getopt(). * * More modern versions of BSD require that optreset be set to 1 in * order to reset getopt(). Sigh. Standards, anyone? */ #ifdef __GLIBC__ optind = 0; #else /* BSD style */ optind = 1; /* optreset = 1; */ #endif /* optarg = NULL; opterr = 0; optopt = 0; - do we need this?? */ pargv = NULL; /* Note: just "getopt() <= 0" will not work well for * "fake" short options, like this one: * wget $'-\203' "Test: test" http://kernel.org/ * (supposed to act as --header, but doesn't) */ #if ENABLE_GETOPT_LONG while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, applet_opts, long_options, NULL)) != -1) { #else while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, applet_opts)) != -1) { #endif /* getopt prints "option requires an argument -- X" * and returns '?' if an option has no arg, but one is reqd */ c &= 0xff; /* fight libc's sign extension */ for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt_char != c; on_off++) { /* c can be NUL if long opt has non-NULL ->flag, * but we construct long opts so that flag * is always NULL (see above) */ if (on_off->opt_char == '\0' /* && c != '\0' */) { /* c is probably '?' - "bad option" */ bb_show_usage(); } } if (flags & on_off->incongruously) bb_show_usage(); trigger = on_off->switch_on & on_off->switch_off; flags &= ~(on_off->switch_off ^ trigger); flags |= on_off->switch_on ^ trigger; flags ^= trigger; if (on_off->counter) (*(on_off->counter))++; if (on_off->param_type == PARAM_LIST) { if (optarg) llist_add_to_end((llist_t **)(on_off->optarg), optarg); } else if (on_off->param_type == PARAM_INT) { if (optarg) //TODO: xatoi_u indirectly pulls in printf machinery *(unsigned*)(on_off->optarg) = xatoi_u(optarg); } else if (on_off->optarg) { if (optarg) *(char **)(on_off->optarg) = optarg; } if (pargv != NULL) break; } /* check depending requires for given options */ for (on_off = complementary; on_off->opt_char; on_off++) { if (on_off->requires && (flags & on_off->switch_on) && (flags & on_off->requires) == 0) bb_show_usage(); } if (requires && (flags & requires) == 0) bb_show_usage(); argc -= optind; if (argc < min_arg || (max_arg >= 0 && argc > max_arg)) bb_show_usage(); option_mask32 = flags; return flags; }