/* state.c - high level DHCP state machine * * Copyright (c) 2011-2017 Nicholas J. Kain * All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: * * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation * and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "nk/log.h" #include "nk/random.h" #include "state.h" #include "ifchange.h" #include "arp.h" #include "options.h" #include "ndhc.h" #include "sys.h" #include "netlink.h" #include "coroutine.h" #define SEL_SUCCESS 0 #define SEL_FAIL -1 #define REQ_SUCCESS 0 #define REQ_TIMEOUT -1 #define REQ_FAIL -2 #define ANP_SUCCESS 0 #define ANP_IGNORE -1 #define ANP_REJECTED -2 #define ANP_CHECK_IP -3 #define BTO_WAIT 0 #define BTO_EXPIRED -1 #define BTO_HARDFAIL -2 #define IFUP_REVALIDATE 0 #define IFUP_NEWLEASE 1 #define IFUP_FAIL -1 static int delay_timeout(struct client_state_t cs[static 1], size_t numpackets) { int to = 64; char tot[] = { 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 }; if (numpackets < sizeof tot) to = tot[numpackets]; // Distribution is a bit biased but it doesn't really matter. return to * 1000 + (nk_random_u32(&cs->rnd32_state) & 0x7fffffffu) % 1000; } static void reinit_shared_deconfig(struct client_state_t cs[static 1]) { cs->clientAddr = 0; cs->num_dhcp_requests = 0; cs->got_router_arp = false; cs->got_server_arp = false; cs->check_fingerprint = false; cs->sent_gw_query = false; cs->sent_first_announce = false; cs->sent_second_announce = false; memset(&cs->routerArp, 0, sizeof cs->routerArp); memset(&cs->serverArp, 0, sizeof cs->serverArp); arp_reset_state(cs); } static void reinit_selecting(struct client_state_t cs[static 1], int timeout) { reinit_shared_deconfig(cs); cs->dhcp_wake_ts = curms() + timeout; start_dhcp_listen(cs); } // Triggered after a DHCP lease request packet has been sent and no reply has // been received within the response wait time. If we've not exceeded the // maximum number of request retransmits, then send another packet and wait // again. Otherwise, return to the DHCP initialization state. static int requesting_timeout(struct client_state_t cs[static 1], long long nowts) { if (cs->num_dhcp_requests >= 5) { reinit_selecting(cs, 0); return REQ_TIMEOUT; } if (send_selecting(cs) < 0) { log_warning("%s: Failed to send a selecting request packet.", client_config.interface); return REQ_FAIL; } cs->dhcp_wake_ts = nowts + delay_timeout(cs, cs->num_dhcp_requests); cs->num_dhcp_requests++; return REQ_SUCCESS; } static bool is_renewing(struct client_state_t cs[static 1], long long nowts) { long long rnt = cs->leaseStartTime + cs->renewTime * 1000; return nowts >= rnt; } static bool is_rebinding(struct client_state_t cs[static 1], long long nowts) { long long rbt = cs->leaseStartTime + cs->rebindTime * 1000; return nowts >= rbt; } // Triggered when a DHCP rebind request has been sent and no reply has been // received within the response wait time. Check to see if the lease is still // valid, and if it is, send a broadcast DHCP renew packet. If it is not, then // change to the SELECTING state to get a new lease. static int rebinding_timeout(struct client_state_t cs[static 1], long long nowts) { long long elt = cs->leaseStartTime + cs->lease * 1000; if (nowts >= elt) { log_line("%s: Lease expired. Searching for a new lease...", client_config.interface); reinit_selecting(cs, 0); return BTO_EXPIRED; } start_dhcp_listen(cs); if (send_rebind(cs) < 0) { log_warning("%s: Failed to send a rebind request packet.", client_config.interface); return BTO_HARDFAIL; } long long ts0 = nowts + (50 + nk_random_u32(&cs->rnd32_state) % 20) * 1000; cs->dhcp_wake_ts = ts0 < elt ? ts0 : elt; return BTO_WAIT; } // Triggered when a DHCP renew request has been sent and no reply has been // received within the response wait time. This function is also directly // called by bound_timeout() when it is time to renew a lease before it // expires. Check to see if the lease is still valid, and if it is, send // a unicast DHCP renew packet. If it is not, then change to the REBINDING // state to send broadcast queries. static int renewing_timeout(struct client_state_t cs[static 1], long long nowts) { long long rbt = cs->leaseStartTime + cs->rebindTime * 1000; if (nowts >= rbt) return rebinding_timeout(cs, nowts); start_dhcp_listen(cs); if (send_renew(cs) < 0) { log_warning("%s: Failed to send a renew request packet.", client_config.interface); return BTO_HARDFAIL; } long long ts0 = nowts + (50 + nk_random_u32(&cs->rnd32_state) % 20) * 1000; cs->dhcp_wake_ts = ts0 < rbt ? ts0 : rbt; return BTO_WAIT; } // Triggered when the lease has been held for a significant fraction of its // total time, and it is time to renew the lease so that it is not lost. static int bound_timeout(struct client_state_t cs[static 1], long long nowts) { long long rnt = cs->leaseStartTime + cs->renewTime * 1000; if (nowts < rnt) { cs->dhcp_wake_ts = rnt; return BTO_WAIT; } return renewing_timeout(cs, nowts); } static int validate_serverid(struct client_state_t cs[static 1], struct dhcpmsg packet[static 1], const char typemsg[static 1]) { int found; uint32_t sid = get_option_serverid(packet, &found); if (!found) { log_line("%s: Received %s with no server id. Ignoring it.", client_config.interface, typemsg); return 0; } if (cs->serverAddr != sid) { char svrbuf[INET_ADDRSTRLEN]; inet_ntop(AF_INET, &(struct in_addr){.s_addr=sid}, svrbuf, sizeof svrbuf); log_line("%s: Received %s with an unexpected server id: %s. Ignoring it.", client_config.interface, typemsg, svrbuf); return 0; } return 1; } static void get_leasetime(struct client_state_t cs[static 1], struct dhcpmsg packet[static 1]) { cs->lease = get_option_leasetime(packet); cs->leaseStartTime = curms(); if (!cs->lease) { log_line("%s: No lease time received; assuming 1h.", client_config.interface); cs->lease = 60 * 60; } else { if (cs->lease < 60) { log_warning("Server sent lease of <1m. Forcing lease to 1m.", client_config.interface); cs->lease = 60; } } // Always use RFC2131 'default' values. It's not worth validating // the remote server values, if they even exist, for sanity. cs->renewTime = cs->lease >> 1; cs->rebindTime = (cs->lease >> 3) * 0x7; // * 0.875 cs->dhcp_wake_ts = cs->leaseStartTime + cs->renewTime * 1000; } static int extend_packet(struct client_state_t cs[static 1], struct dhcpmsg packet[static 1], uint8_t msgtype, uint32_t srcaddr) { (void)srcaddr; if (msgtype == DHCPACK) { if (!validate_serverid(cs, packet, "a DHCP ACK")) return ANP_IGNORE; get_leasetime(cs, packet); // Did we receive a lease with a different IP than we had before? if (memcmp(&packet->yiaddr, &cs->clientAddr, 4)) { char clibuf[INET_ADDRSTRLEN]; inet_ntop(AF_INET, &(struct in_addr){.s_addr=cs->clientAddr}, clibuf, sizeof clibuf); log_line("%s: Server is now offering IP %s. Validating...", client_config.interface, clibuf); return ANP_CHECK_IP; } else { log_line("%s: Lease refreshed to %u seconds.", client_config.interface, cs->lease); if (arp_set_defense_mode(cs) < 0) log_warning("%s: Failed to create ARP defense socket.", client_config.interface); stop_dhcp_listen(cs); return ANP_SUCCESS; } } else if (msgtype == DHCPNAK) { if (!validate_serverid(cs, packet, "a DHCP NAK")) return ANP_IGNORE; log_line("%s: Our request was rejected. Searching for a new lease...", client_config.interface); reinit_selecting(cs, 3000); return ANP_REJECTED; } return ANP_IGNORE; } static int selecting_packet(struct client_state_t cs[static 1], struct dhcpmsg packet[static 1], uint8_t msgtype, uint32_t srcaddr, bool is_requesting) { if (!is_requesting && msgtype == DHCPOFFER) { int found; uint32_t sid = get_option_serverid(packet, &found); if (!found) { log_line("%s: Invalid offer received: it didn't have a server id.", client_config.interface); return ANP_IGNORE; } char clibuf[INET_ADDRSTRLEN]; char svrbuf[INET_ADDRSTRLEN]; char srcbuf[INET_ADDRSTRLEN]; cs->clientAddr = packet->yiaddr; cs->serverAddr = sid; cs->srcAddr = srcaddr; cs->dhcp_wake_ts = curms(); cs->num_dhcp_requests = 0; inet_ntop(AF_INET, &(struct in_addr){.s_addr=cs->clientAddr}, clibuf, sizeof clibuf); inet_ntop(AF_INET, &(struct in_addr){.s_addr=cs->serverAddr}, svrbuf, sizeof svrbuf); inet_ntop(AF_INET, &(struct in_addr){.s_addr=cs->srcAddr}, srcbuf, sizeof srcbuf); log_line("%s: Received IP offer: %s from server %s via %s.", client_config.interface, clibuf, svrbuf, srcbuf); return ANP_SUCCESS; } else if (is_requesting && msgtype == DHCPACK) { // Don't validate the server id. Instead validate that the // yiaddr matches. Some networks have multiple servers // that don't respect the serverid that was specified in // our DHCPREQUEST. if (!memcmp(&packet->yiaddr, &cs->clientAddr, 4)) { char clibuf[INET_ADDRSTRLEN]; char svrbuf[INET_ADDRSTRLEN]; char srcbuf[INET_ADDRSTRLEN]; int found; uint32_t sid = get_option_serverid(packet, &found); if (!found) { log_line("%s: Invalid offer received: it didn't have a server id.", client_config.interface); return ANP_IGNORE; } if (cs->serverAddr != sid) { cs->serverAddr = sid; cs->srcAddr = srcaddr; } get_leasetime(cs, packet); inet_ntop(AF_INET, &(struct in_addr){.s_addr=cs->clientAddr}, clibuf, sizeof clibuf); inet_ntop(AF_INET, &(struct in_addr){.s_addr=cs->serverAddr}, svrbuf, sizeof svrbuf); inet_ntop(AF_INET, &(struct in_addr){.s_addr=cs->srcAddr}, srcbuf, sizeof srcbuf); log_line("%s: Received ACK: %s from server %s via %s. Validating...", client_config.interface, clibuf, svrbuf, srcbuf); return ANP_CHECK_IP; } } return ANP_IGNORE; } // Triggered after a DHCP discover packet has been sent and no reply has // been received within the response wait time. If we've not exceeded the // maximum number of discover retransmits, then send another packet and wait // again. Otherwise, background or fail. static int selecting_timeout(struct client_state_t cs[static 1], long long nowts) { if (cs->program_init && cs->num_dhcp_requests >= 2) { if (client_config.background_if_no_lease) { log_line("%s: No lease; going to background.", client_config.interface); cs->program_init = false; background(); } else if (client_config.abort_if_no_lease) suicide("%s: No lease; failing.", client_config.interface); } if (cs->num_dhcp_requests == 0) cs->xid = nk_random_u32(&cs->rnd32_state); if (send_discover(cs) < 0) { log_warning("%s: Failed to send a discover request packet.", client_config.interface); return SEL_FAIL; } cs->dhcp_wake_ts = nowts + delay_timeout(cs, cs->num_dhcp_requests); cs->num_dhcp_requests++; return SEL_SUCCESS; } // Called for a release signal during SELECTING or REQUESTING. static void print_release(struct client_state_t cs[static 1]) { log_line("%s: ndhc going to sleep. Wake it by sending a SIGUSR1.", client_config.interface); reinit_shared_deconfig(cs); cs->dhcp_wake_ts = -1; stop_dhcp_listen(cs); } // Called for a release signal during BOUND, RENEWING, or REBINDING. static int xmit_release(struct client_state_t cs[static 1]) { char clibuf[INET_ADDRSTRLEN]; char svrbuf[INET_ADDRSTRLEN]; inet_ntop(AF_INET, &(struct in_addr){.s_addr=cs->clientAddr}, clibuf, sizeof clibuf); inet_ntop(AF_INET, &(struct in_addr){.s_addr=cs->serverAddr}, svrbuf, sizeof svrbuf); log_line("%s: Unicasting a release of %s to %s.", client_config.interface, clibuf, svrbuf); if (send_release(cs) < 0) { log_warning("%s: Failed to send a release request packet.", client_config.interface); return -1; } print_release(cs); return 0; } // Called for a renewing signal during BOUND or RELEASED static int frenew(struct client_state_t cs[static 1], bool is_bound) { if (is_bound) { log_line("%s: Forcing a DHCP renew...", client_config.interface); start_dhcp_listen(cs); if (send_renew(cs) < 0) { log_warning("%s: Failed to send a renew request packet.", client_config.interface); return -1; } } else { // RELEASED reinit_selecting(cs, 0); } return 0; } // If we have a lease, check to see if our gateway is still valid via ARP. // If it fails, state -> SELECTING. static int ifup_action(struct client_state_t cs[static 1]) { if (cs->routerAddr && cs->serverAddr) { if (arp_gw_check(cs) >= 0) { log_line("%s: Interface is back. Revalidating lease...", client_config.interface); return IFUP_REVALIDATE; } else { log_warning("%s: arp_gw_check could not make arp socket.", client_config.interface); return IFUP_FAIL; } } log_line("%s: Interface is back. Searching for new lease...", client_config.interface); return IFUP_NEWLEASE; } #define BAD_STATE() suicide("%s(%d): bad state", __func__, __LINE__) // XXX: Should be re-entrant so as to handle multiple servers. int dhcp_handle(struct client_state_t cs[static 1], long long nowts, bool sev_dhcp, struct dhcpmsg dhcp_packet[static 1], uint8_t dhcp_msgtype, uint32_t dhcp_srcaddr, bool sev_arp, bool force_fingerprint, bool dhcp_timeout, bool arp_timeout, int sev_signal) { scrBegin; reinit: cs->xid = nk_random_u32(&cs->rnd32_state); // We're in the SELECTING state here. for (;;) { int ret = COR_SUCCESS; if (sev_signal == SIGNAL_RELEASE) { print_release(cs); goto skip_to_released; } if (sev_dhcp) { int r = selecting_packet(cs, dhcp_packet, dhcp_msgtype, dhcp_srcaddr, false); if (r == ANP_SUCCESS) { // Send a request packet to the answering DHCP server. sev_dhcp = false; goto skip_to_requesting; } } if (dhcp_timeout) { int r = selecting_timeout(cs, nowts); if (r == SEL_SUCCESS) { } else if (r == SEL_FAIL) { ret = COR_ERROR; } else BAD_STATE(); } scrReturn(ret); } scrReturn(COR_SUCCESS); // We're in the REQUESTING state here. for (;;) { int ret; skip_to_requesting: ret = COR_SUCCESS; if (sev_signal == SIGNAL_RELEASE) { print_release(cs); goto skip_to_released; } if (sev_dhcp) { int r = selecting_packet(cs, dhcp_packet, dhcp_msgtype, dhcp_srcaddr, true); if (r == ANP_IGNORE) { } else if (r == ANP_CHECK_IP) { if (arp_check(cs, dhcp_packet) < 0) { log_warning("%s: Failed to make arp socket. Searching for new lease...", client_config.interface); reinit_selecting(cs, 3000); sev_dhcp = false; goto reinit; } break; } else BAD_STATE(); } if (dhcp_timeout) { // Send a request packet to the answering DHCP server. int r = requesting_timeout(cs, nowts); if (r == REQ_SUCCESS) { } else if (r == REQ_TIMEOUT) { // We timed out. Send another packet. sev_dhcp = false; goto reinit; } else if (r == REQ_FAIL) { // Failed to send packet. Sleep and retry. ret = COR_ERROR; } else BAD_STATE(); } scrReturn(ret); } scrReturn(COR_SUCCESS); // We're checking to see if there's a conflict for our IP. Technically, // this is still in REQUESTING. for (;;) { int ret; ret = COR_SUCCESS; if (sev_signal == SIGNAL_RELEASE) { print_release(cs); goto skip_to_released; } if (sev_dhcp) { // XXX: Maybe I can think of something to do here. Would // be more relevant if we tracked multiple dhcp servers. } if (sev_arp) { int r = arp_do_collision_check(cs); if (r == ARPR_OK) { } else if (r == ARPR_CONFLICT) { // XXX: If we tracked multiple DHCP servers, then we // could fall back on another one. reinit_selecting(cs, 0); sev_dhcp = false; goto reinit; } else if (r == ARPR_FAIL) { ret = COR_ERROR; scrReturn(ret); continue; } else BAD_STATE(); } if (arp_timeout) { int r = arp_collision_timeout(cs, nowts); if (r == ARPR_FREE) { arp_query_gateway(cs); arp_announce(cs); break; } else if (r == ARPR_OK) { } else if (r == ARPR_FAIL) { ret = COR_ERROR; scrReturn(ret); continue; } else BAD_STATE(); } if (dhcp_timeout) { // Send a request packet to the answering DHCP server. int r = requesting_timeout(cs, nowts); if (r == REQ_SUCCESS) { } else if (r == REQ_TIMEOUT) { // We timed out. Send another packet. sev_dhcp = false; goto reinit; } else if (r == REQ_FAIL) { // Failed to send packet. Sleep and retry. ret = COR_ERROR; } else BAD_STATE(); } scrReturn(ret); } scrReturn(COR_SUCCESS); // We're in the BOUND, RENEWING, or REBINDING states here. for (;;) { int ret = COR_SUCCESS; if (sev_signal) { if (sev_signal == SIGNAL_RELEASE) { int r = xmit_release(cs); if (r) { ret = COR_ERROR; scrReturn(ret); continue; } goto skip_to_released; } if (sev_signal == SIGNAL_RENEW) { int r = frenew(cs, true); if (r) { ret = COR_ERROR; scrReturn(ret); continue; } } } if (sev_dhcp && is_renewing(cs, nowts)) { int r = extend_packet(cs, dhcp_packet, dhcp_msgtype, dhcp_srcaddr); if (r == ANP_SUCCESS || r == ANP_IGNORE) { } else if (r == ANP_REJECTED) { sev_dhcp = false; goto reinit; } else if (r == ANP_CHECK_IP) { if (arp_check(cs, dhcp_packet) < 0) { log_warning("%s: Failed to make arp socket. Searching for new lease...", client_config.interface); reinit_selecting(cs, 3000); sev_dhcp = false; goto reinit; } } else BAD_STATE(); } if (sev_arp) { int r; r = arp_do_defense(cs); if (r == ARPR_OK) { } else if (r == ARPR_CONFLICT) { reinit_selecting(cs, 0); sev_dhcp = false; goto reinit; } else if (r == ARPR_FAIL) { ret = COR_ERROR; scrReturn(ret); continue; } else BAD_STATE(); if (!cs->got_router_arp || !cs->got_server_arp) { r = arp_do_gw_query(cs); if (r == ARPR_OK) { } else if (r == ARPR_FREE) { // We got both ARP addresses. } else if (r == ARPR_FAIL) { ret = COR_ERROR; scrReturn(ret); continue; } else BAD_STATE(); } else if (cs->check_fingerprint) { r = arp_do_gw_check(cs); if (r == ARPR_OK) { } else if (r == ARPR_FREE) { cs->check_fingerprint = false; } else if (r == ARPR_CONFLICT) { cs->check_fingerprint = false; reinit_selecting(cs, 0); sev_dhcp = false; goto reinit; } else if (r == ARPR_FAIL) { ret = COR_ERROR; scrReturn(ret); continue; } else BAD_STATE(); } } if (arp_timeout) { if (cs->sent_first_announce && cs->sent_second_announce) arp_defense_timeout(cs, nowts); else arp_announce_timeout(cs, nowts); if (!cs->sent_gw_query) arp_query_gateway_timeout(cs, nowts); else if (!cs->got_router_arp || !cs->got_server_arp) { int r = arp_gw_query_timeout(cs, nowts); if (r == ARPR_OK) { } else if (r == ARPR_FAIL) { ret = COR_ERROR; scrReturn(ret); continue; } else BAD_STATE(); } else if (cs->check_fingerprint) { int r = arp_gw_check_timeout(cs, nowts); if (r == ARPR_OK) { } else if (r == ARPR_CONFLICT) { cs->check_fingerprint = false; reinit_selecting(cs, 0); sev_dhcp = false; goto reinit; } else if (r == ARPR_FAIL) { ret = COR_ERROR; scrReturn(ret); continue; } else BAD_STATE(); } } if (force_fingerprint) { int r = ifup_action(cs); if (r == IFUP_REVALIDATE) { } else if (r == IFUP_NEWLEASE) { if (ifchange_deconfig(cs) < 0) { // Likely only to fail because of rfkill. ret = COR_ERROR; scrReturn(ret); } reinit_selecting(cs, 0); sev_dhcp = false; goto reinit; } else if (r == IFUP_FAIL) { ret = COR_ERROR; scrReturn(ret); continue; } else BAD_STATE(); } if (dhcp_timeout) { int r; if (is_rebinding(cs, nowts)) { r = rebinding_timeout(cs, nowts); } else if (is_renewing(cs, nowts)) { r = renewing_timeout(cs, nowts); } else { r = bound_timeout(cs, nowts); } if (r == BTO_WAIT) { } else if (r == BTO_EXPIRED) { sev_dhcp = false; goto reinit; } else if (r == BTO_HARDFAIL) { ret = COR_ERROR; } else BAD_STATE(); } scrReturn(ret); } sev_dhcp = false; goto reinit; // We're in the RELEASED state here. for (;;) { int ret; skip_to_released: ret = COR_SUCCESS; if (sev_signal == SIGNAL_RENEW) { int r = frenew(cs, false); if (r) { ret = COR_ERROR; scrReturn(ret); continue; } break; } scrReturn(ret); } sev_dhcp = false; goto reinit; scrFinish(COR_SUCCESS); }