1578 lines
42 KiB
Groff
1578 lines
42 KiB
Groff
'\" t
|
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.\" (The preceding line is a note to broken versions of man to tell
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.\" Man page for ps.
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.\" Quick hack conversion by Albert Cahalan, 1998.
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.\" Licensed under version 2 of the Gnu General Public License.
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.\"
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.TH PS 1 "February 25, 2010" "Linux" "Linux User's Manual"
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.\"
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.\" To render this page:
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.\" groff -t -b -man -X -P-resolution -P100 -Tps ps.1 &
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.\" groff -t -b -man -X -TX100 ps.1 &
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.\" tbl ps.1 | troff -Ww -man -z
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.\" groff -t -man -Tps ps.1 | ps2pdf - - > ps.pdf
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.\"
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.\" The '70s called. They want their perfect justification,
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.\" hyphenation, and double-spaced sentences back.
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.na
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.nh
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.if n .ss 12 0
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.\"
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.\"
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.\" ColSize is used for the format spec table.
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.\" It's the left margin, minus the right, minus
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.\" the space needed for the 1st two columns.
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.\" Making it messy: inches, ens, points, scaled points...
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.\"
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.nr ColSize ((\n[.l] - \n[.i]) / 1n - 29)
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.\"
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.\" This is for command options
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.nr OptSize (16u)
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.\"
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.\" l=\n(.l
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.\" i=\n(.i
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.\" o=\n(.o
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.\" H=\n(.H
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.\" s=\n(.s
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.\" ColSize=\n[ColSize]
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.\"
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.\" Macro for easy option formatting: .opt \-x
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.de opt
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. TP \\n[OptSize]
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. BI \\$*
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..
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.\"
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|
.SH NAME
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|
ps \- report a snapshot of the current processes.
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|
.SH SYNOPSIS
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|
\fBps\fR [\fIoptions\fR]
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|
.PP
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|
.PP
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|
.SH DESCRIPTION
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|
.B ps
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|
displays information about a selection of the active processes.
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|
If you want a repetitive update of the selection and the
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|
displayed information, use\ \fItop\fR(1) instead.
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|
.P
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|
This version of \fBps\fR accepts several kinds of options:
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|
.PD 0
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|
.IP 1 4
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|
UNIX options, which may be grouped and must be preceded by a dash.
|
|
.IP 2 4
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BSD options, which may be grouped and must not be used with a dash.
|
|
.IP 3 4
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GNU long options, which are preceded by two dashes.
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|
.PD
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|
.PP
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|
Options of different types may be freely mixed, but conflicts can appear.
|
|
There are some synonymous options, which are functionally identical, due
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|
to the many standards and \fBps\fR implementations that this \fBps\fR is
|
|
compatible with.
|
|
.P
|
|
Note that "\fBps\ \-aux\fR" is distinct from "\fBps\ aux\fR".
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|
The POSIX and UNIX standards require that "\fBps\ \-aux\fR" print all
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|
processes owned by a user named "x", as well as printing all processes
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|
that would be selected by the \fB\-a\fR option. If the user named "x" does
|
|
not exist, this \fBps\fR may interpret the command as "\fBps\ aux\fR"
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|
instead and print a warning. This behavior is intended to aid in
|
|
transitioning old scripts and habits. It is fragile, subject to change,
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|
and thus should not be relied upon.
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|
.P
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|
By default, \fBps\fR selects all processes
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|
with the same effective user ID (euid=EUID) as the current user
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|
and
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|
associated with the same terminal as the invoker.
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|
It displays the process ID (pid=PID),
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|
the terminal associated with the process (tname=TTY),
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|
the cumulated CPU time in [DD\-]hh:mm:ss format (time=TIME),
|
|
and the executable name (ucmd=CMD).
|
|
Output is unsorted by default.
|
|
.P
|
|
The use of BSD\-style options will add process state (stat=STAT) to the
|
|
default display and show the command args (args=COMMAND) instead of the
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|
executable name. You can override this with the \fBPS_FORMAT\fR
|
|
environment variable. The use of BSD\-style options will also change the
|
|
process selection to include processes on other terminals (TTYs) that
|
|
are owned by you; alternately, this may be described as setting the
|
|
selection to be the set of all processes filtered to exclude
|
|
processes owned by other users or not on a terminal. These effects
|
|
are not considered when options are described as being "identical" below,
|
|
so \fB\-M\fR will be considered identical to \fBZ\fR and so on.
|
|
.P
|
|
Except as described below, process selection options are additive.
|
|
The default selection is discarded, and then the selected processes
|
|
are added to the set of processes to be displayed.
|
|
A\ process will thus be shown if it meets any of the given
|
|
selection criteria.
|
|
.PP
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|
.\" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
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.SH "EXAMPLES"
|
|
.TP 3
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|
To see every process on the system using standard syntax:
|
|
.B ps\ \-e
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|
.br
|
|
.B ps\ \-ef
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|
.br
|
|
.B ps\ \-eF
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|
.br
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|
.B ps\ \-ely
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|
.TP
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|
To see every process on the system using BSD syntax:
|
|
.B ps\ ax
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|
.br
|
|
.B ps\ axu
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|
.TP
|
|
To print a process tree:
|
|
.B ps\ -ejH
|
|
.br
|
|
.B ps\ axjf
|
|
.TP
|
|
To get info about threads:
|
|
.B ps\ -eLf
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|
.br
|
|
.B ps\ axms
|
|
.TP
|
|
To get security info:
|
|
.B ps\ -eo euser,ruser,suser,fuser,f,comm,label
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|
.br
|
|
.B ps\ axZ
|
|
.br
|
|
.B ps\ -eM
|
|
.TP
|
|
To see every process running as root (real\ &\ effective\ ID) in user format:
|
|
.B ps\ \-U\ root\ \-u\ root\ u
|
|
.TP
|
|
To see every process with a user\-defined format:
|
|
.B ps\ \-eo\ pid,tid,class,rtprio,ni,pri,psr,pcpu,stat,wchan:14,comm
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|
.br
|
|
.B ps\ axo\ stat,euid,ruid,tty,tpgid,sess,pgrp,ppid,pid,pcpu,comm
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|
.br
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|
.B ps\ \-Ao\ pid,tt,user,fname,tmout,f,wchan
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|
.TP
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|
Print only the process IDs of syslogd:
|
|
.B ps\ \-C\ syslogd\ \-o\ pid=
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|
.TP
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|
Print only the name of PID 42:
|
|
.B ps\ \-p\ 42\ \-o\ comm=
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|
.PP
|
|
.PP
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|
.\" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
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|
.SH "SIMPLE PROCESS SELECTION"
|
|
|
|
.opt a
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|
Lift the BSD\-style "only yourself" restriction, which is imposed upon
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|
the set of all processes when some BSD\-style (without\ "\-") options
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|
are used or when the \fBps\fR personality setting is BSD\-like.
|
|
The set of processes selected in this manner is
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|
in addition to the set of processes selected by other means.
|
|
An alternate description is that this option causes \fBps\fR to
|
|
list all processes with a terminal (tty),
|
|
or to list all processes when used together with the \fBx\fR option.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-A
|
|
Select all processes. Identical to \fB\-e\fR.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-a
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|
Select all processes except both session leaders (see \fIgetsid\fR(2)) and
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|
processes not associated with a terminal.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-d
|
|
Select all processes except session leaders.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\-deselect
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|
Select all processes except those that fulfill the specified conditions
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|
(negates the selection). Identical to \fB\-N\fR.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.opt \-e
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|
Select all processes. Identical to \fB\-A\fR.
|
|
|
|
.\" Current "g" behavior: add in the session leaders, which would
|
|
.\" be excluded in the sunos4 personality. Supposed "g" behavior:
|
|
.\" add in the group leaders -- at least according to the SunOS 4
|
|
.\" man page on the FreeBSD site. Uh oh. I think I had tested SunOS
|
|
.\" though, so maybe the code is correct.
|
|
|
|
.opt g
|
|
Really all, even session leaders. This flag is obsolete and may be
|
|
discontinued in a future release. It is normally implied by the \fBa\fR flag,
|
|
and is only useful when operating in the sunos4 personality.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-N
|
|
Select all processes except those that fulfill the specified conditions
|
|
(negates the selection). Identical to \fB\-\-deselect\fR.
|
|
|
|
.opt T
|
|
Select all processes associated with this terminal. Identical to the
|
|
\fBt\fR option without any argument.
|
|
|
|
.opt r
|
|
Restrict the selection to only running processes.
|
|
|
|
.opt x
|
|
Lift the BSD\-style "must have a tty" restriction, which is imposed upon
|
|
the set of all processes when some BSD\-style (without\ "\-") options
|
|
are used or when the \fBps\fR personality setting is BSD\-like.
|
|
The set of processes selected in this manner is
|
|
in addition to the set of processes selected by other means.
|
|
An alternate description is that this option causes \fBps\fR to
|
|
list all processes owned by you (same EUID as \fBps\fR),
|
|
or to list all processes when used together with the \fBa\fR option.
|
|
|
|
.\" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
|
|
.PD
|
|
.PP
|
|
.SH "PROCESS SELECTION BY LIST"
|
|
These options accept a single argument in the form of a blank\-separated
|
|
or comma\-separated list. They can be used multiple times.
|
|
For\ example:\ \fBps\ \-p\ "1\ 2"\ \-p\ 3,4\fR
|
|
.P
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\fI123\fR
|
|
Identical to \fB\-\-sid\ \fI123\fR.
|
|
|
|
.opt \fI123\fR
|
|
Identical to \fB\-\-pid\ \fI123\fR.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-C \ cmdlist
|
|
Select by command name.
|
|
.br
|
|
This selects the processes whose executable name is given in
|
|
\fIcmdlist\fR.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-G \ grplist
|
|
Select by real group ID (RGID) or name.
|
|
.br
|
|
This selects the processes whose real group name or ID is in the
|
|
\fIgrplist\fR list. The real group ID identifies the group of the user
|
|
who created the process, see \fIgetgid\fR(2).
|
|
|
|
.opt \-g \ grplist
|
|
Select by session OR by effective group name.
|
|
.br
|
|
Selection by session is specified by many standards,
|
|
but selection by effective group is the logical behavior that
|
|
several other operating systems use.
|
|
This \fBps\fR will select by session when the list
|
|
is completely numeric (as\ sessions\ are).
|
|
Group ID numbers will work only when some group names are also specified.
|
|
See the \fB\-s\fR and \fB\-\-group\fR options.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\-Group \ grplist
|
|
Select by real group ID (RGID) or name. Identical to \fB\-G\fR.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\-group \ grplist
|
|
Select by effective group ID (EGID) or name.
|
|
.br
|
|
This selects the processes whose effective group name or ID is in
|
|
\fIgrouplist\fR. The effective group ID describes the group whose file
|
|
access permissions are used by the process (see\ \fIgetegid\fR(2)).
|
|
The \fB\-g\fR option is often an alternative to\ \fB\-\-group\fR.
|
|
|
|
.opt p \ pidlist
|
|
Select by process ID. Identical to \fB\-p\fR and\ \fB\-\-pid\fR.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-p \ pidlist
|
|
Select by PID.
|
|
.br
|
|
This selects the processes whose process ID numbers appear in
|
|
\fIpidlist\fR. Identical to \fBp\fR and\ \fB\-\-pid\fR.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\-pid \ pidlist
|
|
Select by process\ ID. Identical to \fB\-p\fR\ and\ \fBp\fR.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\-ppid \ pidlist
|
|
Select by parent process\ ID.
|
|
This selects the processes
|
|
with a parent\ process\ ID in \fIpidlist\fR.
|
|
That\ is, it selects processes that are children
|
|
of those listed in \fIpidlist\fR.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-s \ sesslist
|
|
Select by session ID.
|
|
.br
|
|
This selects the processes
|
|
with a session ID specified in\ \fIsesslist\fR.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\-sid \ sesslist
|
|
Select by session\ ID. Identical to\ \fB\-s\fR.
|
|
|
|
.opt t \ ttylist
|
|
Select by tty. Nearly identical to \fB\-t\fR and \fB\-\-tty\fR,
|
|
but can also be used with an empty \fIttylist\fR to indicate
|
|
the terminal associated with \fBps\fR.
|
|
Using the \fBT\fR option is considered cleaner than using \fBt\fR with
|
|
an\ empty\ \fIttylist\fR.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-t \ ttylist
|
|
Select by tty.
|
|
.br
|
|
This selects the processes associated with the terminals
|
|
given in \fIttylist\fR.
|
|
Terminals (ttys, or screens for text output) can be specified in several
|
|
forms: /dev/ttyS1, ttyS1, S1.
|
|
A\ plain "\-" may be used to select processes not attached to any terminal.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\-tty \ ttylist
|
|
Select by terminal. Identical to \fB\-t\fR and\ \fBt\fR.
|
|
|
|
.opt U \ userlist
|
|
Select by effective user ID (EUID) or name.
|
|
.br
|
|
This selects the processes whose effective user name
|
|
or ID is in \fIuserlist\fR.
|
|
The effective user\ ID describes the user whose file
|
|
access permissions are used by the process
|
|
(see\ \fIgeteuid\fR(2)).
|
|
Identical to \fB\-u\fR and\ \fB\-\-user\fR.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-U \ userlist
|
|
Select by real user ID (RUID) or name.
|
|
.br
|
|
It selects the processes whose real user name or ID is in the
|
|
\fIuserlist\fR list.
|
|
The real user ID identifies the user who created the process,
|
|
see\ \fIgetuid\fR(2).
|
|
|
|
.opt \-u \ userlist
|
|
Select by effective user ID (EUID) or name.
|
|
.br
|
|
This selects the processes whose effective user name or ID is in
|
|
\fIuserlist\fR. The effective user ID describes the user whose file
|
|
access permissions are used by the process (see\ \fIgeteuid\fR(2)).
|
|
Identical to \fBU\fR and \fB\-\-user\fR.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\-User \ userlist
|
|
Select by real user ID (RUID) or name. Identical to \fB\-U\fR.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\-user \ userlist
|
|
Select by effective user ID (EUID) or name.
|
|
Identical to \fB\-u\fR and\ \fBU\fR.
|
|
|
|
.\" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
|
|
.PD
|
|
.PP
|
|
.SH "OUTPUT FORMAT CONTROL"
|
|
These options are used to choose the information displayed by \fBps\fR.
|
|
The output may differ by personality.
|
|
.PP
|
|
|
|
.opt \-c
|
|
Show different scheduler information for the \fB\-l\fR option.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\-context
|
|
Display security context format (for\ SE\ Linux).
|
|
|
|
.opt \-f
|
|
Do full\-format listing. This option can be combined with many
|
|
other UNIX\-style options to add additional columns. It also causes
|
|
the command arguments to be printed. When used with \fB\-L\fR, the
|
|
NLWP (number of threads) and LWP (thread ID) columns will be added.
|
|
See the \fBc\fR option, the format keyword \fBargs\fR, and the
|
|
format keyword \fBcomm\fR.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-F
|
|
Extra full format. See the \fB\-f\fR option, which \fB\-F\fR implies.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\-format \ format
|
|
user\-defined format. Identical to \fB\-o\fR and \fBo\fR.
|
|
|
|
.opt j
|
|
BSD job control format.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-j
|
|
Jobs format
|
|
|
|
.opt l
|
|
Display BSD long format.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-l
|
|
Long format. The \fB\-y\fR option is often useful with this.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-M
|
|
Add a column of security data. Identical to \fBZ\fR (for\ SE\ Linux).
|
|
|
|
.opt O \ format
|
|
is preloaded \fBo\fR (overloaded).
|
|
.br
|
|
The BSD \fBO\fR option can act like \fB\-O\fR (user\-defined output
|
|
format with some common fields predefined) or can be used to specify
|
|
sort order. Heuristics are used to determine the behavior of this
|
|
option. To ensure that the desired behavior is obtained (sorting or
|
|
formatting), specify the option in some other way
|
|
(e.g. with \fB\-O\fR or \fB\-\-sort\fR).
|
|
When used as a formatting option, it is identical to \fB\-O\fR, with the
|
|
BSD\ personality.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-O \ format
|
|
Like \fB\-o\fR, but preloaded with some default columns.
|
|
Identical to \fB\-o\ pid,\fIformat\fB,state,tname,time,command\fR
|
|
or \fB\-o\ pid,\fIformat\fB,tname,time,cmd\fR, see\ \fB\-o\fR\ below.
|
|
|
|
.opt o \ format
|
|
Specify user\-defined format. Identical to \fB\-o\fR and
|
|
\fB\-\-format\fR.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-o \ format
|
|
User\-defined format.
|
|
.br
|
|
\fIformat\fR is a single argument in the form of a
|
|
blank\-separated or comma\-separated list, which offers
|
|
a way to specify individual output columns.
|
|
The recognized keywords are described in the \fBSTANDARD FORMAT
|
|
SPECIFIERS\fR section below.
|
|
Headers may be
|
|
renamed (\fBps\ \-o\ pid,ruser=RealUser\ \-o\ comm=Command\fR) as desired.
|
|
If all column headers are empty (\fBps\ \-o\ pid=\ \-o\ comm=\fR) then the
|
|
header line will not be output. Column width will increase as
|
|
needed for wide headers; this may be used to widen up columns
|
|
such as WCHAN (\fBps\ \-o\ pid,wchan=WIDE\-WCHAN\-COLUMN\ \-o\ comm\fR).
|
|
Explicit width control (\fBps\ opid,wchan:42,cmd\fR) is offered too.
|
|
The behavior of \fBps\ \-o\ pid=X,comm=Y\fR varies with personality;
|
|
output may be one column named "X,comm=Y" or two columns
|
|
named "X" and "Y". Use multiple \fB\-o\fR options when in doubt.
|
|
Use the \fBPS_FORMAT\fR environment variable to specify a default
|
|
as desired; DefSysV and DefBSD are macros that may be used to
|
|
choose the default UNIX or BSD columns.
|
|
|
|
.opt s
|
|
Display signal format
|
|
|
|
.opt u
|
|
Display user\-oriented format
|
|
|
|
.opt v
|
|
Display virtual memory format
|
|
|
|
.opt X
|
|
Register format.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-y
|
|
Do not show flags; show rss in place of addr.
|
|
This option can only be used with \fB\-l\fR.
|
|
|
|
.opt Z
|
|
Add a column of security data. Identical to \fB\-M\fR (for\ SE\ Linux).
|
|
|
|
.\" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
|
|
.PD
|
|
.PP
|
|
.SH "OUTPUT MODIFIERS"
|
|
|
|
.\" .TP
|
|
.\" .B C
|
|
.\" use raw CPU time for %CPU instead of decaying average
|
|
|
|
.opt c
|
|
Show the true command name. This is derived from the name of the
|
|
executable file, rather than from the argv value. Command arguments
|
|
and any modifications to them are
|
|
thus not shown. This option
|
|
effectively turns the \fBargs\fR format keyword into the \fBcomm\fR
|
|
format keyword; it is useful with the \fB\-f\fR format option and with
|
|
the various BSD\-style format options, which all normally
|
|
display the command arguments.
|
|
See the \fB\-f\fR option, the format keyword \fBargs\fR, and the
|
|
format keyword \fBcomm\fR.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\-cols \ n
|
|
Set screen width
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\-columns \ n
|
|
Set screen width
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\-cumulative
|
|
Include some dead child process data (as a sum with the parent)
|
|
|
|
.opt e
|
|
Show the environment after the command.
|
|
|
|
.opt f
|
|
ASCII art process hierarchy (forest).
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\-forest
|
|
ASCII art process tree.
|
|
|
|
.opt h
|
|
No header. (or, one header per screen in the BSD personality)
|
|
.br
|
|
The \fBh\fR option is problematic. Standard BSD \fBps\fR uses
|
|
this option to print a header on each page of output, but older
|
|
Linux \fBps\fR uses this option to totally disable the header.
|
|
This version of \fBps\fR follows the Linux usage of not printing
|
|
the header unless the BSD personality has been selected, in which
|
|
case it prints a header on each page of output. Regardless of the
|
|
current personality, you can use the long options \fB\-\-headers\fR
|
|
and \fB\-\-no\-headers\fR to enable printing headers each page or
|
|
disable headers entirely, respectively.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-H
|
|
Show process hierarchy (forest).
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\-headers
|
|
Repeat header lines, one per page of output.
|
|
|
|
.opt k \ spec
|
|
Specify sorting order. Sorting syntax is
|
|
[\fB+\fR|\fB\-\fR]\fIkey\fR[,[\fB+\fR|\fB\-\fR]\fIkey\fR[,...]].
|
|
Choose a multi\-letter key from the \fBSTANDARD FORMAT SPECIFIERS\fR section.
|
|
The\ "+" is optional since default direction is increasing numerical or
|
|
lexicographic order. Identical to \fB\-\-sort\fR. Examples:
|
|
.br
|
|
\fBps\ jaxkuid,\-ppid,+pid\fR
|
|
.br
|
|
\fBps\ axk\ comm\ o\ comm,args\fR
|
|
.br
|
|
\fBps\ kstart_time\ \-ef\fR
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\-lines \ n
|
|
Set screen height.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-n \ namelist
|
|
Set namelist file. Identical to \fBN\fR.
|
|
.br
|
|
The namelist file is needed for a proper WCHAN display, and must match
|
|
the current Linux kernel exactly for correct output.
|
|
Without this option, the default search path for the namelist is:
|
|
|
|
$PS_SYSMAP
|
|
.br
|
|
$PS_SYSTEM_MAP
|
|
.br
|
|
/proc/*/wchan
|
|
.br
|
|
/boot/System.map\-\`uname\ \-r\`
|
|
.br
|
|
/boot/System.map
|
|
.br
|
|
/lib/modules/\`uname\ \-r\`/System.map
|
|
.br
|
|
/usr/src/linux/System.map
|
|
.br
|
|
/System.map
|
|
|
|
.opt n
|
|
Numeric output for WCHAN and USER (including all types of UID and GID).
|
|
|
|
.opt N \ namelist
|
|
Specify namelist file. Identical to \fB\-n\fR, see \fB\-n\fR above.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\-no\-headers
|
|
Print no header line at all. \fB\-\-no\-heading\fR is an alias for this
|
|
option.
|
|
|
|
.opt O \ order
|
|
Sorting order (overloaded).
|
|
.br
|
|
The BSD \fBO\fR option can act like \fB\-O\fR (user\-defined output
|
|
format with some common fields predefined) or can be used to specify
|
|
sort order. Heuristics are used to determine the behavior of this
|
|
option. To ensure that the desired behavior is obtained (sorting or
|
|
formatting), specify the option in some other way (e.g. with \fB\-O\fR
|
|
or \fB\-\-sort\fR).
|
|
|
|
For sorting, obsolete BSD \fBO\fR option syntax is
|
|
\fBO\fR[\fB+\fR|\fB\-\fR]\fIk1\fR[,[\fB+\fR|\fB\-\fR]\fIk2\fR[,...]].
|
|
It orders the processes listing according to the multilevel sort specified by
|
|
the sequence of one\-letter short keys \fIk1\fR, \fIk2\fR, ... described
|
|
in the \fBOBSOLETE SORT KEYS\fR section below.
|
|
The\ "+" is currently optional,
|
|
merely re\-iterating the default direction on a key,
|
|
but may help to distinguish an \fBO\fR sort from an \fBO\fR format.
|
|
The\ "\-" reverses direction only on the key it precedes.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\-rows \ n
|
|
Set screen height.
|
|
|
|
.opt S
|
|
Sum up some information, such as CPU usage, from dead child processes
|
|
into their parent. This is useful for examining a system where a
|
|
parent process repeatedly forks off short\-lived children to do work.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\-sort \ spec
|
|
Specify sorting order. Sorting syntax is
|
|
[\fB+\fR|\fB\-\fR]\fIkey\fR[,[\fB+\fR|\fB\-\fR]\fIkey\fR[,...]].
|
|
Choose a multi\-letter key from the \fBSTANDARD FORMAT SPECIFIERS\fR section.
|
|
The\ "+" is optional since default direction is increasing numerical or
|
|
lexicographic order. Identical to\ \fBk\fR.
|
|
For example: \fBps\ jax\ \-\-sort=uid,\-ppid,+pid\fR
|
|
|
|
.opt w
|
|
Wide output. Use this option twice for unlimited width.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-w
|
|
Wide output. Use this option twice for unlimited width.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\-width \ n
|
|
set screen width
|
|
|
|
.\" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
|
|
.PD
|
|
.PP
|
|
.SH "THREAD DISPLAY"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
|
|
.opt H
|
|
Show threads as if they were processes.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-L
|
|
Show threads, possibly with LWP and NLWP columns.
|
|
|
|
.opt m
|
|
Show threads after processes.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-m
|
|
Show threads after processes.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-T
|
|
Show threads, possibly with SPID column.
|
|
|
|
.\" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
|
|
.PD
|
|
.PP
|
|
.SH "OTHER INFORMATION"
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\-help \ section
|
|
Print a help message. The section argument can be
|
|
.IR selection ,
|
|
.IR list ,
|
|
.IR output ,
|
|
.IR threads ,
|
|
.IR misc
|
|
or
|
|
.IR all .
|
|
Arguments can be shorthanded to first letter.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\-info
|
|
Print debugging info.
|
|
|
|
.opt L
|
|
List all format specifiers.
|
|
|
|
.opt V
|
|
Print the procps-ng version.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-V
|
|
Print the procps-ng version.
|
|
|
|
.opt \-\-version
|
|
Print the procps-ng version.
|
|
|
|
.\" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
|
|
.PD
|
|
.PP
|
|
.SH NOTES
|
|
This \fBps\fR works by reading the virtual files in\ /proc.
|
|
This \fBps\fR does not need to be setuid kmem or have any privileges to run.
|
|
Do not give this \fBps\fR any special permissions.
|
|
|
|
This \fBps\fR needs access to namelist data for proper WCHAN display.
|
|
For kernels prior to 2.6, the System.map file must be installed.
|
|
|
|
CPU usage is currently expressed as the percentage of time spent
|
|
running during the entire lifetime of a process.
|
|
This is not ideal, and\ it does not conform to the
|
|
standards that \fBps\fR otherwise conforms\ to.
|
|
CPU\ usage is unlikely to add up to exactly\ 100%.
|
|
|
|
The SIZE and RSS fields don't count some parts of a process including the
|
|
page tables, kernel stack, struct thread_info, and struct task_struct.
|
|
This is usually at least 20\ KiB of memory that is always resident.
|
|
SIZE is the virtual size of the process (code+data+stack).
|
|
|
|
Processes marked <defunct> are dead processes (so\-called\ "zombies") that
|
|
remain because their parent has not destroyed them properly. These processes
|
|
will be destroyed by \fIinit\fR(8) if the parent process exits.
|
|
|
|
If the length of the username is greater than the length of
|
|
the display column, the numeric user ID is displayed instead.
|
|
|
|
.SH "PROCESS FLAGS"
|
|
The sum of these values is displayed in the "F" column,
|
|
which is provided by the \fBflags\fR output specifier:
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
1
|
|
forked but didn't exec
|
|
.TP
|
|
4
|
|
used super\-user privileges
|
|
.PD
|
|
.PP
|
|
.SH "PROCESS STATE CODES"
|
|
Here are the different values that the \fBs\fR, \fBstat\fR and
|
|
\fBstate\fR output specifiers (header\ "STAT"\ or\ "S") will display to
|
|
describe the state of a process:
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
D
|
|
uninterruptible sleep (usually\ IO)
|
|
.TP
|
|
R
|
|
running or runnable (on\ run\ queue)
|
|
.TP
|
|
S
|
|
interruptible sleep (waiting for an event to complete)
|
|
.TP
|
|
T
|
|
stopped, either by a job control signal or because it is being traced.
|
|
.TP
|
|
W
|
|
paging (not valid since the 2.6.xx kernel)
|
|
.TP
|
|
X
|
|
dead (should never be seen)
|
|
.TP
|
|
Z
|
|
defunct ("zombie") process, terminated but not reaped by its parent.
|
|
.PD
|
|
.PP
|
|
For BSD formats and when the \fBstat\fR keyword is used, additional
|
|
characters may be displayed:
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
<
|
|
high\-priority (not nice to other users)
|
|
.TP
|
|
N
|
|
low\-priority (nice to other users)
|
|
.TP
|
|
L
|
|
has pages locked into memory (for real\-time and custom\ IO)
|
|
.TP
|
|
s
|
|
is a session leader
|
|
.TP
|
|
l
|
|
is multi-threaded (using CLONE_THREAD, like NPTL pthreads\ do)
|
|
.TP
|
|
+
|
|
is in the foreground process group.
|
|
.PD
|
|
.PP
|
|
.PP
|
|
.SH "OBSOLETE SORT KEYS"
|
|
These keys are used by the BSD \fBO\fR option (when it is used for
|
|
sorting). The GNU \fB\-\-sort\fR option doesn't use these keys, but the
|
|
specifiers described below in the \fBSTANDARD FORMAT SPECIFIERS\fR
|
|
section. Note that the values used in sorting are the internal
|
|
values \fBps\fR uses and not the "cooked" values used in some of
|
|
the output format fields (e.g. sorting on tty will sort into
|
|
device number, not according to the terminal name displayed).
|
|
Pipe \fBps\fR output into the \fIsort\fR(1) command if you want
|
|
to sort the cooked values.
|
|
|
|
.TS
|
|
l l lw(3i).
|
|
\fBKEY LONG DESCRIPTION\fR
|
|
c cmd simple name of executable
|
|
C pcpu cpu utilization
|
|
f flags flags as in long format F field
|
|
g pgrp process group ID
|
|
G tpgid controlling tty process group ID
|
|
j cutime cumulative user time
|
|
J cstime cumulative system time
|
|
k utime user time
|
|
m min_flt number of minor page faults
|
|
M maj_flt number of major page faults
|
|
n cmin_flt cumulative minor page faults
|
|
N cmaj_flt cumulative major page faults
|
|
o session session ID
|
|
p pid process ID
|
|
P ppid parent process ID
|
|
r rss resident set size
|
|
R resident resident pages
|
|
s size memory size in kilobytes
|
|
S share amount of shared pages
|
|
t tty the device number of the controlling tty
|
|
T start_time time process was started
|
|
U uid user ID number
|
|
u user user name
|
|
v vsize total VM size in kB
|
|
y priority kernel scheduling priority
|
|
.\"K stime system time (conflict, system vs. start time)
|
|
.TE
|
|
.PP
|
|
.PP
|
|
.SH "AIX FORMAT DESCRIPTORS"
|
|
This \fBps\fR supports AIX format descriptors, which work somewhat like the
|
|
formatting codes of \fIprintf\fR(1) and \fIprintf\fR(3). For example, the normal
|
|
default output can be produced with this: \fBps\ \-eo\ "%p\ %y\ %x\ %c"\fR.
|
|
The\ \fBNORMAL\fR codes are described in the next section.
|
|
.TS
|
|
l l l.
|
|
\fBCODE NORMAL HEADER\fR
|
|
%C pcpu %CPU
|
|
%G group GROUP
|
|
%P ppid PPID
|
|
%U user USER
|
|
%a args COMMAND
|
|
%c comm COMMAND
|
|
%g rgroup RGROUP
|
|
%n nice NI
|
|
%p pid PID
|
|
%r pgid PGID
|
|
%t etime ELAPSED
|
|
%u ruser RUSER
|
|
%x time TIME
|
|
%y tty TTY
|
|
%z vsz VSZ
|
|
.TE
|
|
|
|
.SH "STANDARD FORMAT SPECIFIERS"
|
|
Here are the different keywords that may be used to control the output
|
|
format (e.g. with option \fB\-o\fR) or to sort the selected processes
|
|
with the GNU\-style \fB\-\-sort\fR option.
|
|
|
|
For example: \fBps\ \-eo\ pid,user,args\ \-\-sort\ user\fR
|
|
|
|
This version of \fBps\fR tries to recognize most of the keywords used in
|
|
other implementations of \fBps\fR.
|
|
|
|
The following user\-defined format specifiers may contain
|
|
spaces: \fBargs\fR, \fBcmd\fR, \fBcomm\fR, \fBcommand\fR, \fBfname\fR,
|
|
\fBucmd\fR, \fBucomm\fR,
|
|
\fBlstart\fR, \fBbsdstart\fR, \fBstart\fR.
|
|
|
|
Some keywords may not be available for sorting.
|
|
|
|
.\" #######################################################################
|
|
.\" lB1 lB1 lB1 lB1 s s s
|
|
.\" lB1 l1 l1 l1 s s s.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" lB1 lB1 lBw(5.5i)
|
|
.\" lB1 l1 l.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.TS
|
|
expand;
|
|
lB1 lB1 lBw(\n[ColSize]n)
|
|
lB1 l1 l.
|
|
CODE HEADER DESCRIPTION
|
|
|
|
%cpu %CPU T{
|
|
cpu utilization of the process in "##.#" format. Currently, it is the CPU time
|
|
used divided by the time the process has been running (cputime/realtime
|
|
ratio), expressed as a percentage. It will not add up to 100% unless you
|
|
are lucky. (alias\ \fBpcpu\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
%mem %MEM T{
|
|
ratio of the process's resident set size to the physical memory on
|
|
the machine, expressed as a percentage. (alias\ \fBpmem\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
args COMMAND T{
|
|
command with all its arguments as a string. Modifications to the arguments
|
|
may be shown. The output in this column may contain spaces.
|
|
A\ process marked <defunct> is partly dead, waiting
|
|
to be fully destroyed by its parent. Sometimes the process args
|
|
will be unavailable; when this happens, \fBps\fR will instead
|
|
print the executable name in brackets.
|
|
(alias\ \fBcmd\fR,\ \fBcommand\fR). See also the \fBcomm\fR format
|
|
keyword, the \fB\-f\fR option, and the \fBc\fR option.
|
|
.br
|
|
When specified last, this column will extend to the edge of the display.
|
|
If \fBps\fR can not determine display width, as when output is redirected
|
|
(piped) into a file or another command, the output width is undefined
|
|
(it may be 80, unlimited, determined by the \fBTERM\fR variable, and so on).
|
|
The \fBCOLUMNS\fR environment variable or \fB\-\-cols\fR option may
|
|
be used to exactly determine the width in this case.
|
|
The \fBw\fR or \fB\-w\fR option may be also be used to adjust width.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
blocked BLOCKED T{
|
|
mask of the blocked signals, see \fIsignal\fR(7).
|
|
According to the width of the field,
|
|
a\ 32 or 64\-bit mask in hexadecimal format is displayed.
|
|
(alias\ \fBsig_block\fR,\ \fBsigmask\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
bsdstart START T{
|
|
time the command started. If the process was started less
|
|
than 24 hours ago, the output format is "\ HH:MM",
|
|
else it is "Mmm\ dd"
|
|
(where Mmm is the three letters of the month).
|
|
See also \fBlstart\fR, \fBstart\fR, \fBstart_time\fR, and \fBstime\fR.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
bsdtime TIME T{
|
|
accumulated cpu time, user\ +\ system. The display format is usually
|
|
"MMM:SS", but can be shifted to the right if the process used more than 999
|
|
minutes of cpu time.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
c C T{
|
|
processor utilization. Currently, this is the integer value of
|
|
the percent usage over the lifetime of the process. (see\ \fB%cpu\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
caught CAUGHT T{
|
|
mask of the caught signals, see \fIsignal\fR(7). According to the
|
|
width of the field, a 32 or 64 bits mask in hexadecimal format is
|
|
displayed. (alias\ \fBsig_catch\fR,\ \fBsigcatch\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
cgroup CGROUP T{
|
|
display control groups to which the process belongs.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
class CLS T{
|
|
scheduling class of the process. (alias\ \fBpolicy\fR,\ \fBcls\fR).
|
|
Field's possible values are:
|
|
.br
|
|
\- not reported
|
|
.br
|
|
TS SCHED_OTHER
|
|
.br
|
|
FF SCHED_FIFO
|
|
.br
|
|
RR SCHED_RR
|
|
.br
|
|
B SCHED_BATCH
|
|
.br
|
|
ISO SCHED_ISO
|
|
.br
|
|
IDL SCHED_IDLE
|
|
.br
|
|
? unknown value
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
cls CLS T{
|
|
scheduling class of the process. (alias\ \fBpolicy\fR,\ \fBclass\fR).
|
|
Field's possible values are:
|
|
.br
|
|
\- not reported
|
|
.br
|
|
TS SCHED_OTHER
|
|
.br
|
|
FF SCHED_FIFO
|
|
.br
|
|
RR SCHED_RR
|
|
.br
|
|
B SCHED_BATCH
|
|
.br
|
|
ISO SCHED_ISO
|
|
.br
|
|
IDL SCHED_IDLE
|
|
.br
|
|
? unknown value
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
cmd CMD T{
|
|
see \fBargs\fR. (alias\ \fBargs\fR,\ \fBcommand\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
comm COMMAND T{
|
|
command name (only\ the executable\ name). Modifications to the command
|
|
name will not be shown. A\ process marked <defunct> is partly dead, waiting
|
|
to be fully destroyed by its parent. The output in this
|
|
column may contain spaces. (alias\ \fBucmd\fR,\ \fBucomm\fR).
|
|
See also the \fBargs\fR format
|
|
keyword, the \fB\-f\fR option, and the \fBc\fR option.
|
|
.br
|
|
When specified last, this column will extend to the edge of the display.
|
|
If \fBps\fR can not determine display width, as when output is redirected
|
|
(piped) into a file or another command, the output width is undefined
|
|
(it may be 80, unlimited, determined by the \fBTERM\fR variable, and so on).
|
|
The \fBCOLUMNS\fR environment variable or \fB\-\-cols\fR option may
|
|
be used to exactly determine the width in this case.
|
|
The \fBw\fR or \fB\-w\fR option may be also be used to adjust width.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
command COMMAND T{
|
|
see \fBargs\fR. (alias\ \fBargs\fR,\ \fBcmd\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
cp CP T{
|
|
per\-mill (tenths of a percent) CPU usage. (see\ \fB%cpu\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
cputime TIME T{
|
|
cumulative CPU time, "[DD\-]hh:mm:ss" format. (alias\ \fBtime\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
egid EGID T{
|
|
effective group ID number of the process as a decimal integer.
|
|
(alias\ \fBgid\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
egroup EGROUP T{
|
|
effective group ID of the process. This will be the textual group ID,
|
|
if it can be obtained and the field width permits, or a decimal
|
|
representation otherwise. (alias\ \fBgroup\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
eip EIP T{
|
|
instruction pointer.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
esp ESP T{
|
|
stack pointer.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
etime ELAPSED T{
|
|
elapsed time since the process was started,
|
|
in\ the form\ [[DD\-]hh:]mm:ss.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
etimes ELAPSED T{
|
|
elapsed time since the process was started,
|
|
in\ seconds.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
euid EUID T{
|
|
effective user\ ID (alias\ \fBuid\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
euser EUSER T{
|
|
effective user\ name. This will be the textual
|
|
user\ ID, if\ it can be obtained and the field width permits,
|
|
or\ a\ decimal representation otherwise.
|
|
The\ \fBn\fR\ option can be used
|
|
to force the decimal representation.
|
|
(alias\ \fBuname\fR,\ \fBuser\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
f F T{
|
|
flags associated with the process, see the \fBPROCESS FLAGS\fR section.
|
|
(alias\ \fBflag\fR,\ \fBflags\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
fgid FGID T{
|
|
filesystem access group\ ID. (alias\ \fBfsgid\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
fgroup FGROUP T{
|
|
filesystem access group\ ID.
|
|
This will be the textual group\ ID, if\ it can be obtained
|
|
and the field width permits,
|
|
or\ a\ decimal representation otherwise.
|
|
(alias\ \fBfsgroup\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
flag F T{
|
|
see\ \fBf\fR. (alias\ \fBf\fR,\ \fBflags\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
flags F T{
|
|
see\ \fBf\fR. (alias\ \fBf\fR,\ \fBflag\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
fname COMMAND T{
|
|
first 8 bytes of the base name of the process's executable file.
|
|
The output in this column may contain spaces.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
fuid FUID T{
|
|
filesystem access user\ ID. (alias\ \fBfsuid\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
fuser FUSER T{
|
|
filesystem access user\ ID. This will be the textual user\ ID,
|
|
if\ it can be obtained and the field width permits,
|
|
or\ a\ decimal representation otherwise.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
gid GID T{
|
|
see\ \fBegid\fR. (alias\ \fBegid\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
group GROUP T{
|
|
see\ \fBegroup\fR. (alias\ \fBegroup\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
ignored IGNORED T{
|
|
mask of the ignored signals, see \fIsignal\fR(7). According to the
|
|
width of the field, a\ 32 or 64\ bits mask in hexadecimal format
|
|
is displayed. (alias \fBsig_ignore\fR, \fBsigignore\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
label LABEL T{
|
|
security label, most commonly used for SE\ Linux context data.
|
|
This is for the \fIMandatory Access Control\fR ("MAC") found on
|
|
high\-security systems.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
lstart STARTED T{
|
|
time the command started.
|
|
See also \fBbsdstart\fR, \fBstart\fR, \fBstart_time\fR, and \fBstime\fR.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
lwp LWP T{
|
|
light weight process (thread) ID of the dispatchable entity
|
|
(alias\ \fBspid\fR,\ \fBtid\fR).
|
|
See \fBtid\fR for additional information.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
maj_flt MAJFLT T{
|
|
The number of major page faults that have occured with this process.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
min_flt MINFLT T{
|
|
The number of minor page faults that have occured with this process.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
ni NI T{
|
|
nice value. This ranges from 19 (nicest) to \-20 (not\ nice to\ others),
|
|
see\ \fInice\fR(1). (alias\ \fBnice\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
nice NI T{
|
|
see\ \fBni\fR. (alias\ \fBni\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
nlwp NLWP T{
|
|
number of lwps (threads) in the process. (alias\ \fBthcount\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
nwchan WCHAN T{
|
|
address of the kernel function where the process is sleeping
|
|
(use \fBwchan\fR if you want the kernel function name).
|
|
Running tasks will display a dash ('\-') in this column.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
pcpu %CPU T{
|
|
see\ \fB%cpu\fR. (alias\ \fB%cpu\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
pending PENDING T{
|
|
mask of the pending signals. See\ \fIsignal\fR(7). Signals pending on
|
|
the process are distinct from signals pending on individual threads.
|
|
Use the \fBm\fR option or the \fB\-m\fR option to see both.
|
|
According to the width of the field, a\ 32 or 64\ bits mask in
|
|
hexadecimal format is displayed. (alias\ \fBsig\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
pgid PGID T{
|
|
process group\ ID or, equivalently, the process\ ID of the
|
|
process group leader. (alias\ \fBpgrp\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
pgrp PGRP T{
|
|
see\ \fBpgid\fR. (alias\ \fBpgid\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
pid PID T{
|
|
a number representing the process ID
|
|
(alias\ \fBtgid\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
pmem %MEM T{
|
|
see\ \fB%mem\fR. (alias\ \fB%mem\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
policy POL T{
|
|
scheduling class of the process. (alias\ \fBclass\fR,\ \fBcls\fR).
|
|
Possible values are:
|
|
.br
|
|
\- not reported
|
|
.br
|
|
TS SCHED_OTHER
|
|
.br
|
|
FF SCHED_FIFO
|
|
.br
|
|
RR SCHED_RR
|
|
.br
|
|
B SCHED_BATCH
|
|
.br
|
|
ISO SCHED_ISO
|
|
.br
|
|
IDL SCHED_IDLE
|
|
.br
|
|
? unknown value
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
ppid PPID T{
|
|
parent process ID.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
pri PRI T{
|
|
priority of the process. Higher number means lower priority.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
psr PSR T{
|
|
processor that process is currently assigned to.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
rgid RGID T{
|
|
real group ID.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
rgroup RGROUP T{
|
|
real group name. This will be the textual group\ ID, if\ it can be
|
|
obtained and the field width permits,
|
|
or\ a\ decimal representation otherwise.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
rss RSS T{
|
|
resident set size, the non\-swapped physical memory that
|
|
a task has used (in\ kiloBytes).
|
|
(alias\ \fBrssize\fR,\ \fBrsz\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
rssize RSS T{
|
|
see\ \fBrss\fR. (alias\ \fBrss\fR,\ \fBrsz\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
rsz RSZ T{
|
|
see\ \fBrss\fR. (alias\ \fBrss\fR,\ \fBrssize\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
rtprio RTPRIO T{
|
|
realtime priority.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
ruid RUID T{
|
|
real user\ ID.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
ruser RUSER T{
|
|
real user\ ID. This will be the textual user\ ID,
|
|
if\ it can be obtained and the field width permits,
|
|
or\ a\ decimal representation otherwise.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
s S T{
|
|
minimal state display (one\ character).
|
|
See\ section \fBPROCESS STATE CODES\fR for the different values.
|
|
See\ also \fBstat\fR if you want additional
|
|
information displayed. (alias\ \fBstate\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
sched SCH T{
|
|
scheduling policy of the process. The policies SCHED_OTHER (SCHED_NORMAL),
|
|
SCHED_FIFO, SCHED_RR, SCHED_BATCH, SCHED_ISO, and SCHED_IDLE are respectively
|
|
displayed as 0,\ 1,\ 2,\ 3,\ 4,\ and\ 5.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
sess SESS T{
|
|
session\ ID or, equivalently, the process\ ID of the session\ leader.
|
|
(alias\ \fBsession\fR,\ \fBsid\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
sgi_p P T{
|
|
processor that the process is currently executing on.
|
|
Displays "*" if the process is not currently running or runnable.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
sgid SGID T{
|
|
saved group\ ID.
|
|
(alias\ \fBsvgid\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
sgroup SGROUP T{
|
|
saved group\ name. This will be the textual group\ ID,
|
|
if\ it can be obtained and the field width permits,
|
|
or\ a\ decimal representation otherwise.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
sid SID T{
|
|
see\ \fBsess\fR. (alias\ \fBsess\fR,\ \fBsession\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
sig PENDING T{
|
|
see\ \fBpending\fR. (alias\ \fBpending\fR,\ \fBsig_pend\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
sigcatch CAUGHT T{
|
|
see\ \fBcaught\fR. (alias\ \fBcaught\fR,\ \fBsig_catch\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
sigignore IGNORED T{
|
|
see\ \fBignored\fR. (alias\ \fBignored\fR,\ \fBsig_ignore\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
sigmask BLOCKED T{
|
|
see\ \fBblocked\fR. (alias\ \fBblocked\fR,\ \fBsig_block\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
size SIZE T{
|
|
approximate amount of swap space that would be required
|
|
if the process were to dirty all writable pages and then
|
|
be swapped out.
|
|
This number is very\ rough!
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
spid SPID T{
|
|
see \fBlwp\fR. (alias\ \fBlwp\fR,\ \fBtid\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
stackp STACKP T{
|
|
address of the bottom (start) of stack for the process.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
start STARTED T{
|
|
time the command started.
|
|
If the process was started less than 24 hours ago,
|
|
the output format is "HH:MM:SS",
|
|
else it is "\ \ <mm\ dd"
|
|
(where Mmm is a three\-letter month\ name).
|
|
See also \fBlstart\fR, \fBbsdstart\fR, \fBstart_time\fR, and \fBstime\fR.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
start_time START T{
|
|
starting time or date of the process.
|
|
Only the year will be displayed if the process was not
|
|
started the same year \fBps\fR was invoked,
|
|
or\ "MmmDD" if\ it was not started the same day,
|
|
or\ "HH:MM" otherwise.
|
|
See also \fBbsdstart\fR, \fBstart\fR, \fBlstart\fR, and \fBstime\fR.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
stat STAT T{
|
|
multi\-character process state.
|
|
See\ section \fBPROCESS STATE CODES\fR
|
|
for the different values meaning.
|
|
See also \fBs\fR and \fBstate\fR if you just want
|
|
the first character displayed.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
state S T{
|
|
see\ \fBs\fR. (alias\ \fBs\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
suid SUID T{
|
|
saved user\ ID. (alias\ \fBsvuid\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
supgid SUPGID T{
|
|
group ids of supplementary groups, if any.
|
|
See
|
|
.BR getgroups (2).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
supgrp SUPGRP T{
|
|
group names of supplementary groups, if any.
|
|
See
|
|
.BR getgroups (2).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
suser SUSER T{
|
|
saved user name. This will be the textual user\ ID,
|
|
if\ it can be obtained and the field width permits,
|
|
or\ a\ decimal representation otherwise.
|
|
(alias\ \fBsvuser\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
svgid SVGID T{
|
|
see\ \fBsgid\fR. (alias\ \fBsgid\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
svuid SVUID T{
|
|
see\ \fBsuid\fR. (alias\ \fBsuid\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
sz SZ T{
|
|
size in physical pages of the core image of the process.
|
|
This includes text, data, and stack space.
|
|
Device mappings are currently excluded; this is subject to change.
|
|
See \fBvsz\fR and \fBrss\fR.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
tgid TGID T{
|
|
a number representing the thread group to which a task
|
|
belongs (alias\ \fBpid\fR).
|
|
It is the process ID of the thread group leader.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
thcount THCNT T{
|
|
see \fBnlwp\fR. (alias\ \fBnlwp\fR).
|
|
number of kernel threads owned by the process.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
tid TID T{
|
|
the unique number representing a dispatacable entity
|
|
(alias\ \fBlwp\fR,\ \fBspid\fR).
|
|
This value may also appear as: a process ID (pid);
|
|
a process group ID (pgrp);
|
|
a session ID for the session leader (sid);
|
|
a thread group ID for the thread group leader (tgid);
|
|
and a tty process group ID for the process group leader (tpgid).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
time TIME T{
|
|
cumulative CPU\ time, "[DD\-]HH:MM:SS" format. (alias\ \fBcputime\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
tname TTY T{
|
|
controlling tty (terminal).
|
|
(alias\ \fBtt\fR,\ \fBtty\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
tpgid TPGID T{
|
|
ID of the foreground process group on the tty (terminal) that
|
|
the process is connected to, or \-1 if the process is not connected
|
|
to a tty.
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
tt TT T{
|
|
controlling tty (terminal). (alias\ \fBtname\fR,\ \fBtty\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
tty TT T{
|
|
controlling tty (terminal). (alias\ \fBtname\fR,\ \fBtt\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
ucmd CMD T{
|
|
see \fBcomm\fR. (alias\ \fBcomm\fR,\ \fBucomm\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
ucomm COMMAND T{
|
|
see \fBcomm\fR. (alias\ \fBcomm\fR,\ \fBucmd\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
uid UID T{
|
|
see \fBeuid\fR. (alias\ \fBeuid\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
uname USER T{
|
|
see \fBeuser\fR. (alias\ \fBeuser\fR,\ \fBuser\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
user USER T{
|
|
see \fBeuser\fR. (alias\ \fBeuser\fR,\ \fBuname\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
vsize VSZ T{
|
|
see \fBvsz\fR. (alias\ \fBvsz\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
vsz VSZ T{
|
|
virtual memory size of the process in KiB (1024\-byte\ units).
|
|
Device mappings are currently excluded; this is subject to change.
|
|
(alias\ \fBvsize\fR).
|
|
T}
|
|
|
|
wchan WCHAN T{
|
|
name of the kernel function in which the process is sleeping,
|
|
a\ "\-"\ if the process is running,
|
|
or a "*"\ if the process is multi\-threaded and
|
|
\fBps\fR is not displaying threads.
|
|
T}
|
|
.TE
|
|
.\" #######################################################################
|
|
.PP
|
|
.PP
|
|
.SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
|
|
The following environment variables could affect \fBps\fR:
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
.B COLUMNS
|
|
Override default display width.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B LINES
|
|
Override default display height.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B PS_PERSONALITY
|
|
Set to one of posix, old, linux, bsd, sun, digital...
|
|
(see\ section\ \fBPERSONALITY\fR\ below).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B CMD_ENV
|
|
Set to one of posix, old, linux, bsd, sun, digital...
|
|
(see\ section\ \fBPERSONALITY\fR\ below).
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B I_WANT_A_BROKEN_PS
|
|
Force obsolete command line interpretation.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B LC_TIME
|
|
Date format.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B PS_COLORS
|
|
Not currently supported.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B PS_FORMAT
|
|
Default output format override. You may set this to a format
|
|
string of the type used for the \fB\-o\fR option.
|
|
The \fBDefSysV\fR and \fBDefBSD\fR values are particularly useful.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B PS_SYSMAP
|
|
Default namelist (System.map) location.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B PS_SYSTEM_MAP
|
|
Default namelist (System.map) location.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
|
|
Don't find excuses to ignore bad "features".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B POSIX2
|
|
When set to "on", acts as \fBPOSIXLY_CORRECT\fR.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B UNIX95
|
|
Don't find excuses to ignore bad "features".
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B _XPG
|
|
Cancel \fBCMD_ENV\fI=irix\fR non\-standard behavior.
|
|
.PP
|
|
In general, it\ is a bad idea to set these variables.
|
|
The one exception is \fBCMD_ENV\fR or \fBPS_PERSONALITY\fR,
|
|
which could be set to Linux for normal systems.
|
|
Without that setting,
|
|
\fBps\fR follows the useless and bad parts of the Unix98 standard.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.PP
|
|
.SH "PERSONALITY"
|
|
.TS
|
|
l l.
|
|
390 like the OS/390 OpenEdition \fBps\fR
|
|
aix like AIX \fBps\fR
|
|
bsd like FreeBSD \fBps\fR (totally\ non\-standard)
|
|
compaq like Digital Unix \fBps\fR
|
|
debian like the old Debian \fBps\fR
|
|
digital like Tru64 (was Digital\ Unix, was OSF/1) \fBps\fR
|
|
gnu like the old Debian \fBps\fR
|
|
hp like HP\-UX \fBps\fR
|
|
hpux like HP\-UX \fBps\fR
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irix like Irix \fBps\fR
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|
linux ***** RECOMMENDED *****
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old like the original Linux \fBps\fR (totally\ non\-standard)
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|
os390 like OS/390 Open Edition \fBps\fR
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|
posix standard
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|
s390 like OS/390 Open Edition \fBps\fR
|
|
sco like SCO \fBps\fR
|
|
sgi like Irix \fBps\fR
|
|
solaris2 like Solaris 2+ (SunOS 5) \fBps\fR
|
|
sunos4 like SunOS 4 (Solaris 1) \fBps\fR (totally\ non\-standard)
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|
svr4 standard
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|
sysv standard
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|
tru64 like Tru64 (was Digital\ Unix, was OSF/1) \fBps\fR
|
|
unix standard
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|
unix95 standard
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|
unix98 standard
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|
.TE
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|
.PP
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|
.PP
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|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
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|
\fBtop\fR(1), \fBpgrep\fR(1), \fBpstree\fR(1), \fBproc\fR(5).
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|
.PP
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|
.PP
|
|
.SH STANDARDS
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|
This \fBps\fR conforms to:
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|
.PP
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.IP 1 4
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|
Version 2 of the Single Unix Specification
|
|
.IP 2 4
|
|
The Open Group Technical Standard Base Specifications, Issue\ 6
|
|
.IP 3 4
|
|
IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004\ Edition
|
|
.IP 4 4
|
|
X/Open System Interfaces Extension [UP\ XSI]
|
|
.IP 5 4
|
|
ISO/IEC 9945:2003
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|
.PD
|
|
.PP
|
|
.SH AUTHOR
|
|
\fBps\fR was originally written by Branko Lankester <lankeste@fwi.uva.nl>. Michael
|
|
K. Johnson <johnsonm@redhat.com> re\-wrote it significantly to use the proc
|
|
filesystem, changing a few things in the process. Michael Shields
|
|
<mjshield@nyx.cs.du.edu> added the pid\-list feature. Charles Blake
|
|
<cblake@bbn.com> added multi\-level sorting, the dirent\-style library, the
|
|
device name\-to\-number mmaped database, the approximate binary search
|
|
directly on System.map, and many code and documentation cleanups. David
|
|
Mossberger\-Tang wrote the generic BFD support for psupdate. Albert Cahalan
|
|
<albert@users.sf.net> rewrote ps for full Unix98 and BSD support, along with
|
|
some ugly hacks for obsolete and foreign syntax.
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Please send bug reports to <procps@freelists.org>.
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No\ subscription is required or suggested.
|