8c81808de0
When pgrep was used to match on signal, it makes sense to use
the same signal parsing code as pkill. Unfortunately the
"find the signal" part is a little too enthusaistic about what a
signal is, meaning
pgrep -u -42
fails because the signal becomes "42" and then there is no UID.
This is a bit sad for pkill but has been that way for a long
time. For pgrep this is new so now only the long form
pgrep --signal <X>
will work.
In addition, when using --signal if pgrep/pkill couldn't work
out what the signal was it just silently ignored it. It now
complains and aborts.
References:
https://bugs.debian.org/1031765
commit 866abacf88
335 lines
8.1 KiB
Groff
335 lines
8.1 KiB
Groff
.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 2004-2023 Craig Small <csmall@dropbear.xyz>
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.\" Copyright (c) 2013-2023 Jim Warner <james.warner@comcast.net>
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.\" Copyright (c) 2011-2012 Sami Kerola <kerolasa@iki.fi>
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.\" Copyright (c) 2002-2004 Albert Cahalan
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.\" Copyright (c) 2000 Kjetil Torgrim Homme
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.\"
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.\" This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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.\" it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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.\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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.\" (at your option) any later version.
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.\"
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.TH PGREP "1" "2023-01-16" "procps-ng" "User Commands"
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.SH NAME
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pgrep, pkill, pidwait \- look up, signal, or wait for processes based on name and other attributes
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B pgrep
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[options] pattern
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.br
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.B pkill
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[options] pattern
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.br
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.B pidwait
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[options] pattern
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.B pgrep
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looks through the currently running processes and lists the process IDs which
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match the selection criteria to stdout. All the criteria have to match.
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For example,
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.IP
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$ pgrep \-u root sshd
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.PP
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will only list the processes called
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.B sshd
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AND owned by
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.BR root .
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On the other hand,
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.IP
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$ pgrep \-u root,daemon
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.PP
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will list the processes owned by
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.B root
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OR
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.BR daemon .
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.PP
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.B pkill
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will send the specified signal (by default
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.BR SIGTERM )
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to each process instead of listing them on stdout.
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.PP
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.B pidwait
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will wait for each process instead of listing them on stdout.
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.SH OPTIONS
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.TP
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\fB\-\fR\fIsignal\fP
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.TQ
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\fB\-\-signal\fR \fIsignal\fR
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Defines the signal to send to each matched process. Either the numeric or
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the symbolic signal name can be used. In
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.B pgrep
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or
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.B pidwait
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mode only the long option can be used and has no effect unless used in conjunction with
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\fB\-\-require\-handler\fR to filter to processes with a userspace signal
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handler present for a particular signal.
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.TP
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\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-count\fR
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Suppress normal output; instead print a count of matching processes. When
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count does not match anything, e.g. returns zero, the command will return
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non-zero value. Note that for pkill and pidwait, the count is the number of
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matching processes, not the processes that were successfully signaled or waited
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for.
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.TP
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\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delimiter\fR \fIdelimiter\fP
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Sets the string used to delimit each process ID in the output (by default a
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newline).
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.RB ( pgrep
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only.)
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.TP
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\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-echo\fR
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Display name and PID of the process being killed.
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.RB ( pkill
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only.)
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.TP
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\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-full\fR
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The
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.I pattern
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is normally only matched against the process name. When
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.B \-f
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is set, the full command line is used.
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.TP
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\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-pgroup\fR \fIpgrp\fP,...
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Only match processes in the process group IDs listed. Process group 0 is
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translated into
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.BR pgrep 's,
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.BR pkill 's,
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or
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.BR pidwait 's
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own process group.
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.TP
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\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR \fIgid\fP,...
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Only match processes whose real group ID is listed. Either the numerical or
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symbolical value may be used.
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.TP
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\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-ignore\-case\fR
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Match processes case-insensitively.
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.TP
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\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\-name\fR
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List the process name as well as the process ID.
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.RB ( pgrep
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only.)
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.TP
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\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-list\-full\fR
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List the full command line as well as the process ID.
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.RB ( pgrep
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only.)
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.TP
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\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-newest\fR
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Select only the newest (most recently started) of the matching processes.
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.TP
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\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-oldest\fR
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Select only the oldest (least recently started) of the matching processes.
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.TP
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\fB\-O\fR, \fB\-\-older\fR \fIsecs\fP
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Select processes older than secs.
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.TP
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\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-parent\fR \fIppid\fP,...
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Only match processes whose parent process ID is listed.
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.TP
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\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-session\fR \fIsid\fP,...
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Only match processes whose process session ID is listed. Session ID 0
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is translated into
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.BR pgrep 's,
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.BR pkill 's,
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or
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.BR pidwait 's
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own session ID.
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.TP
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\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-terminal\fR \fIterm\fP,...
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Only match processes whose controlling terminal is listed. The terminal name
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should be specified without the "/dev/" prefix.
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.TP
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\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-euid\fR \fIeuid\fP,...
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Only match processes whose effective user ID is listed. Either the numerical
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or symbolical value may be used.
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.TP
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\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR \fIuid\fP,...
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Only match processes whose real user ID is listed. Either the numerical or
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symbolical value may be used.
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.TP
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\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-inverse\fR\fR
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Negates the matching. This option is usually used in
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.BR pgrep 's
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or
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.BR pidwait 's
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context. In
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.BR pkill 's
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context the short option is disabled to avoid accidental usage of the option.
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.TP
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\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-lightweight\fR\fR
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Shows all thread ids instead of pids in
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.BR pgrep 's
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or
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.BR pidwait 's
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context. In
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.BR pkill 's
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context this option is disabled.
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.TP
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\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-exact\fR\fR
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Only match processes whose names (or command lines if \fB\-f\fR is specified)
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.B exactly
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match the
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.IR pattern .
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.TP
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\fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-pidfile\fR \fIfile\fR
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Read \fIPID\fRs from \fIfile\fR. This option is more useful for
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.B pkill
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or
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.B pidwait
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than
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.BR pgrep .
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.TP
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\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-logpidfile\fR
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Fail if pidfile (see \fB\-F\fR) not locked.
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.TP
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\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-runstates\fR \fID,R,S,Z,\fP...
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Match only processes which match the process state.
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.TP
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\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-ignore-ancestors\fR\fR
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Ignore all ancestors of
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.BR pgrep ,
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.BR pkill ,
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or
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.BR pidwait .
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For example, this can be useful when elevating with
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.BR sudo
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or similar tools.
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.TP
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\fB\-H\fR, \fB\-\-require\-handler\fR\fR
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Only match processes with a userspace signal handler present for the signal to
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be sent.
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.TP
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\fB\-\-cgroup \fIname\fP,...
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Match on provided control group (cgroup) v2 name. See
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.BR cgroups (8)
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.TP
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\fB\-\-ns \fIpid\fP
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Match processes that belong to the same namespaces. Required to run as
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root to match processes from other users. See \fB\-\-nslist\fR for how to
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limit which namespaces to match.
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.TP
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\fB\-\-nslist \fIname\fP,...
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Match only the provided namespaces. Available namespaces:
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ipc, mnt, net, pid, user, uts.
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.TP
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\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-queue \fIvalue\fP
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Use
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.BR sigqueue (3)
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rather than
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.BR kill (2)
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and the value argument is used to specify
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an integer to be sent with the signal. If the receiving process has
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installed a handler for this signal using the SA_SIGINFO flag to
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.BR sigaction (2),
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then it can obtain this data via the si_value field of the
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siginfo_t structure.
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.TP
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\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
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Display version information and exit.
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.TP
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\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
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Display help and exit.
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.PD
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.SH OPERANDS
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.TP
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.I pattern
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Specifies an Extended Regular Expression for matching against the process
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names or command lines.
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.SH EXAMPLES
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Example 1: Find the process ID of the
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.B named
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daemon:
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.IP
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$ pgrep \-u root named
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.PP
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Example 2: Make
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.B syslog
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reread its configuration file:
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.IP
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$ pkill \-HUP syslogd
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.PP
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Example 3: Give detailed information on all
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.B xterm
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processes:
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.IP
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$ ps \-fp $(pgrep \-d, \-x xterm)
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.PP
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Example 4: Make all
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.B chrome
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processes run nicer:
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.IP
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$ renice +4 $(pgrep chrome)
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.SH "EXIT STATUS"
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.PD 0
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.TP
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0
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One or more processes matched the criteria. For
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.B pkill
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and
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.BR pidwait ,
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one or more
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processes must also have been successfully signalled or waited for.
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.TP
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1
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No processes matched or none of them could be signalled.
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.TP
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2
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Syntax error in the command line.
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.TP
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3
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Fatal error: out of memory etc.
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.PD
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.SH NOTES
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The process name used for matching is limited to the 15 characters present in
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the output of /proc/\fIpid\fP/stat. Use the \fB\-f\fR option to match against the
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complete command line, /proc/\fIpid\fP/cmdline. Threads may not have the
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same process name as the parent process but will have the same command line.
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.PP
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The running
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.BR pgrep ,
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.BR pkill ,
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or
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.B pidwait
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process will never report itself as a
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match.
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.PP
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The
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.B \-O \-\-older
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option will silently fail if \fI/proc\fR is mounted with the \fIsubset=pid\fR option.
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.SH BUGS
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The options
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.B \-n
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and
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.B \-o
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and
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.B \-v
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can not be combined. Let
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me know if you need to do this.
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.PP
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Defunct processes are reported.
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.PP
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.B pidwait
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requires the
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.BR pidfd_open (2)
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system call which first appeared in Linux 5.3.
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.BR ps (1),
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.BR regex (7),
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.BR signal (7),
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.BR sigqueue (3),
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.BR killall (1),
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.BR skill (1),
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.BR kill (1),
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.BR kill (2),
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.BR cgroups (8).
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.SH AUTHOR
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.UR kjetilho@ifi.uio.no
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Kjetil Torgrim Homme
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.UE
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.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
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Please send bug reports to
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.UR procps@freelists.org
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.UE
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