1608 lines
63 KiB
Groff
1608 lines
63 KiB
Groff
.ig
|
|
. manual page for NEW top
|
|
. Copyright (c) 2002, by: JC Warner & Associates, Ltd.
|
|
.
|
|
. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
|
. under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
|
|
. any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
|
|
. with no Front-Cover Texts, no Back-Cover Texts, and with the following
|
|
. Invariant Sections (and any sub-sections therein):
|
|
. all .ig sections, including this one
|
|
. STUPID TRICKS Sampler
|
|
. AUTHOR
|
|
.
|
|
. A copy of the Free Documentation License is included in the section
|
|
. entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
|
|
.
|
|
. [ that section is found near the end of this document & ]
|
|
. [ can be made printable by disabling the .ig directive! ]
|
|
.
|
|
..
|
|
.\" Setup ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
|
|
\# ** Comment out '.nr' or set to 0 to eliminate WIDTH fiddlin' !
|
|
.nr half_xtra 4
|
|
.
|
|
.ll +(\n[half_xtra] + \n[half_xtra])
|
|
.
|
|
\# Our darn Bullet style ----------------------------
|
|
.de Jbu
|
|
.IP "-" 3
|
|
..
|
|
\# - bullet continuation paragraph
|
|
.de Jp
|
|
.IP "" 3
|
|
..
|
|
\# New features/differences style -------------------
|
|
.de New
|
|
.IP "-*-" 5
|
|
..
|
|
.
|
|
\# Commonly used strings (for consistency) ----------
|
|
\# - a real em-dash, darn-it
|
|
.ds EM \ \fB\-\-\ \fR
|
|
\# - these two are for chuckles, makes great grammar
|
|
.ds Me top
|
|
.ds ME \fBtop\fR
|
|
\# - other misc strings for consistent usage/emphasis
|
|
.ds F \fIOff\fR
|
|
.ds O \fIOn\fR
|
|
.
|
|
.ds AM alternate\-display mode
|
|
.ds AS asterisk ('*')
|
|
.ds CF configuration file
|
|
.ds CI interactive command
|
|
.ds CO command\-line option
|
|
.ds CW \'current' window
|
|
.ds FM full\-screen mode
|
|
.ds MP \fBphysical\fR memory
|
|
.ds MS \fBshared\fR memory
|
|
.ds MV \fBvirtual\fR memory
|
|
.ds NT \fBNote\fR:
|
|
.ds PU CPU
|
|
.ds Pu cpu
|
|
.ds SA summary area
|
|
.ds TA task area
|
|
.ds TD task display
|
|
.ds TW task window
|
|
\# - xref's that depend on commands or topic names
|
|
.ds XC See the
|
|
.ds Xc see the
|
|
.ds XT See topic
|
|
.ds Xt see topic
|
|
.
|
|
.\" //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.TH TOP 1 "September 2002" "Linux" "Linux User's Manual"
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.SH NAME
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
top \- display Linux tasks
|
|
|
|
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
\*(ME \-\fBhv\fR | \-\fBbcisS\fR \-\fBd\fI delay\fR \-\fBn\fI
|
|
iterations\fR \-\fBp\fI pid\fR [,\fI pid\fR ...]
|
|
|
|
The traditional switches '-' and whitespace are optional.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
The \*(ME program provides a dynamic real-time view of a running system.
|
|
It can display\fB system\fR summary information as well as a list of\fB
|
|
tasks\fR currently being managed by the Linux kernel.
|
|
The types of system summary information shown and the types, order and
|
|
size of information displayed for tasks are all user configurable and
|
|
that configuration can be made persistent across restarts.
|
|
|
|
The program provides a limited interactive interface for process
|
|
manipulation as well as a much more extensive interface for personal
|
|
configuration \*(EM encompassing every aspect of its operation.
|
|
And while \*(ME is referred to throughout this document, you are free
|
|
to name the program anything you wish.
|
|
That new name, possibly an alias, will then be reflected on \*(Me's display
|
|
and used when reading and writing a \*(CF.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.SH OVERVIEW
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.\" ......................................................................
|
|
.SS Documentation
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
The remaining Table of Contents
|
|
1. COMMAND\-LINE Options
|
|
2. FIELDS / Columns
|
|
a. DESCRIPTIONS of Fields
|
|
b. SELECTING and ORDERING Columns
|
|
3. INTERACTIVE Commands
|
|
a. GLOBAL Commands
|
|
b. SUMMARY Area Commands
|
|
c. TASK Area Commands
|
|
d. COLOR Mapping
|
|
4. ALTERNATE\-DISPLAY Mode
|
|
a. WINDOWS Overview
|
|
b. COMMANDS for Windows
|
|
5. FILES
|
|
a. SYSTEM Configuration File
|
|
b. PERSONAL Configuration File
|
|
6. STUPID TRICKS Sampler
|
|
a. Kernel Magic
|
|
b. Bouncing Windows
|
|
c. The Big Bird Window
|
|
7. BUGS, 8. HISTORY Former top, 9. AUTHOR, 10. SEE ALSO
|
|
|
|
.\" ......................................................................
|
|
.SS Operation
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
When operating \*(Me, the two most important keys are help ('h' or '?') and
|
|
quit ('q') key.
|
|
Alternatively, you could simply use the traditional interrupt key ('^C')
|
|
when you're done.
|
|
|
|
When you start \*(Me for the first time, you'll be presented with the
|
|
traditional screen elements: 1) Summary Area; 2) Message/Prompt Line;
|
|
3) Columns Header; 4) Task Area.
|
|
There will, however, be some differences when compared to the former top.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
.B Highlighting
|
|
.I Summary_Area\fR:
|
|
There is no highlighting for load/uptime and only values are highlighted for
|
|
other elements.
|
|
|
|
.I Task_Area\fR:
|
|
Tasks running (or ready to run) will be highlighted, and bold is only one way
|
|
of emphasizing such processes.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
.B Content/Labels
|
|
.I Summary_Area\fR:
|
|
The program name is shown, perhaps a symlink or alias.
|
|
The Cpu(s) state label hints at other possibilities.
|
|
The memory stats use a lower case 'k'.
|
|
|
|
.I Columns_Header\fR:
|
|
Will show a new field and some changed labels.
|
|
More new fields will be found as you customize your \*(Me.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
\*(NT the width of \*(Me's display will be limited to 512 positions.
|
|
Displaying all fields requires a minimum of 160 characters.
|
|
The remaining width could be used for the 'Command' column.
|
|
|
|
.\" ......................................................................
|
|
.SS Startup Defaults
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
The following startup defaults assume no \*(CF, thus no user customizations.
|
|
Even so, items shown with an \*(AS could be overridden through the
|
|
command-line.
|
|
|
|
\fIGlobal_defaults\fR
|
|
'A' - Alt display Off (full-screen)
|
|
* 'd' - Delay time 3.0 seconds
|
|
'I' - Irix mode On\ \ (no, 'solaris' smp)
|
|
* 'p' - PID monitoring Off
|
|
* 's' - Secure mode Off (unsecured)
|
|
'B' - Bold disable Off
|
|
\fISummary_Area_defaults\fR
|
|
'l' - Load Avg/Uptime On\ \ (thus program name)
|
|
't' - Task/Cpu states On\ \ (1+1 lines, see '1')
|
|
'm' - Mem/Swap usage On\ \ (2 lines worth)
|
|
'1' - Single Cpu On\ \ (thus 1 line if smp)
|
|
\fITask_Area_defaults\fR
|
|
'b' - Bold hilite On\ \ (not 'reverse')
|
|
* 'c' - Command line Off (name, not cmdline)
|
|
* 'i' - Idle tasks On\ \ (show all tasks)
|
|
'R' - Reverse sort On\ \ (pids high-to-low)
|
|
* 'S' - Cumulative time Off (no, dead children)
|
|
'x' - Column hilite Off\ (no, sort field)
|
|
'y' - Row hilite On\ \ (yes, running tasks)
|
|
'z' - color/mono Off\ (no, colors)
|
|
|
|
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.SH 1. COMMAND-LINE Options
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
The command-line syntax for \*(Me consists of:
|
|
|
|
\-\fBhv\fR\ |\ -\fBbcisS\fR\ \-\fBd\fI\ delay\fR\ \-\fBn\fI\ iterations\
|
|
\fR\ \-\fBp\fI\ pid\fR\ [,\fIpid\fR...]
|
|
|
|
The typically mandatory switches ('-') and even whitespace are completely
|
|
optional.
|
|
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
\-\fBb\fR :\fB Batch mode\fR operation
|
|
Starts \*(Me in 'Batch mode', which could be useful for sending output
|
|
from \*(Me to other programs or to a file.
|
|
In this mode, \*(Me will not accept input and runs until the iterations
|
|
limit you've set with the '-n' \*(CO or until killed.
|
|
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
\-\fBc\fR :\fB Command line/Program name\fR toggle
|
|
Starts \*(Me with the last remembered 'c' state reversed.
|
|
Thus, if \*(Me was displaying command lines, now that field will show program
|
|
names, and visa versa.
|
|
\*(XC 'c' \*(CI for additional information.
|
|
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
\-\fBd\fR :\fB Delay time\fR interval as:\ \ \fB-d ss.tt\fR (\fIseconds\fR.\fItenths\fR)
|
|
Specifies the delay between screen updates, and overrides the corresponding
|
|
value in one's personal \*(CF or the startup default.
|
|
Later this can be changed with the 'd' or 's' \*(CIs.
|
|
|
|
Fractional seconds are honored, but a negative number is not allowed.
|
|
In all cases, however, such changes are prohibited if \*(Me is running
|
|
in 'Secure mode', except for root (unless the 's' \*(CO was used).
|
|
For additional information on 'Secure mode' \*(Xt 5a. SYSTEM Configuration File.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
\-\fBh\fR :\fB Help\fR
|
|
Show library version and the usage prompt, then quit.
|
|
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
\-\fBi\fR :\fB Idle Processes\fR toggle
|
|
Starts \*(Me with the last remembered 'i' state reversed.
|
|
When this toggle is \*F, tasks that are idled or zombied will not be displayed.
|
|
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
\-\fBn\fR :\fB Number of iterations\fR limit as:\fB\ \ -n number\fR
|
|
Specifies the maximum number of iterations, or frames, \*(Me should
|
|
produce before ending.
|
|
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
\-\fBu\fR :\fB Monitor by user\fR as:\fB\ \ -u somebody
|
|
Monitor only processes with an effective UID or user name
|
|
matching that given.
|
|
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
\-\fBU\fR :\fB Monitor by user\fR as:\fB\ \ -U somebody
|
|
Monitor only processes with a UID or user name matching that given.
|
|
This matches real, effective, saved, and filesystem UIDs.
|
|
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
\-\fBp\fR :\fB Monitor PIDs\fR as:\fB\ \ -pN1 -pN2 ...\fR\ \ or\fB\ \ -pN1, N2 [,...]
|
|
Monitor only processes with specified process IDs.
|
|
This option can be given up to 20 times, or you can provide a comma delimited
|
|
list with up to 20 pids.
|
|
Co-mingling both approaches is permitted.
|
|
|
|
This is a \*(CO only.
|
|
And should you wish to return to normal operation, it is not necessary
|
|
to quit and and restart \*(Me \*(EM just issue the '=' \*(CI.
|
|
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
\-\fBs\fR :\fB Secure mode\fR operation
|
|
Starts \*(Me with secure mode forced, even for root.
|
|
This mode is far better controlled through the system \*(CF
|
|
(\*(Xt 5. FILES).
|
|
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
\-\fBS\fR :\fB Cumulative time mode\fR toggle
|
|
Starts \*(Me with the last remembered 'S' state reversed.
|
|
When 'Cumulative mode' is \*O, each process is listed with the \*(Pu
|
|
time that it and its dead children have used.
|
|
\*(XC 'S' \*(CI for additional information regarding this mode.
|
|
|
|
.TP 5
|
|
\-\fBv\fR :\fB Version\fR
|
|
Show library version and the usage prompt, then quit.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.SH 2. FIELDS / Columns
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.\" ......................................................................
|
|
.SS 2a. DESCRIPTIONS of Fields
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
Listed below are \*(Me's available fields.
|
|
They are always associated with the letter shown, regardless of the position
|
|
you may have established for them with the 'o' (Order fields) \*(CI.
|
|
|
|
Any field is selectable as the sort field, and you control whether they
|
|
are sorted high-to-low or low-to-high.
|
|
For additional information on sort provisions \*(Xt 3c. TASK Area Commands.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
a:\fB PID\fR \*(EM Process Id\fR
|
|
The task's unique process ID, which periodically wraps,
|
|
though never restarting at zero.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
b:\fB PPID\fR \*(EM Parent Process Pid\fR
|
|
The process ID of a task's parent.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
c:\fB RUSER\fR \*(EM Real User Name\fR
|
|
The real user name of the task's owner.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
d:\fB UID\fR \*(EM User Id\fR
|
|
The effective user ID of the task's owner.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
e:\fB USER\fR \*(EM User Name\fR
|
|
The effective user name of the task's owner.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
f:\fB GROUP\fR \*(EM Group Name\fR
|
|
The effective group name of the task's owner.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
g:\fB TTY\fR \*(EM Controlling Tty
|
|
The name of the controlling terminal.
|
|
This is usually the device (serial port, pty, etc.) from which the
|
|
process was started, and which it uses for input or output.
|
|
However, a task need not be associated with a terminal, in which case
|
|
you'll see '?' displayed.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
h:\fB PR\fR \*(EM Priority
|
|
The priority of the task.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
i:\fB NI\fR \*(EM Nice value
|
|
The nice value of the task.
|
|
A negative nice value means higher priority, whereas a positive nice value
|
|
means lower priority.
|
|
Zero in this field simply means priority will not be adjusted in determining a
|
|
task's dispatchability.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
j:\fB #C\fR \*(EM Last used \*(PU (SMP)
|
|
A number representing the last used processor.
|
|
In a true SMP environment this will likely change frequently since the kernel
|
|
intentionally uses weak affinity.
|
|
Also, the very act of running \*(Me may break this weak affinity and cause more
|
|
processes to change \*(PUs more often (because of the extra demand for
|
|
\*(Pu time).
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
k:\fB %CPU\fR \*(EM \*(PU usage
|
|
The task's share of the elapsed \*(PU time since the last screen update, expressed
|
|
as a percentage of total \*(PU time.
|
|
In a true SMP environment, if 'Irix mode' is \*F, \*(Me will operate in
|
|
\'Solaris mode' where a task's \*(Pu usage will be divided by the total
|
|
number of \*(PUs.
|
|
You toggle 'Irix/Solaris' modes with the 'I' \*(CI.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
l:\fB TIME\fR \*(EM \*(PU Time
|
|
Total \*(PU time the task has used since it started.
|
|
When 'Cumulative mode' is \*O, each process is listed with the \*(Pu
|
|
time that it and its dead children has used.
|
|
You toggle 'Cumulative mode' with 'S', which is a \*(CO and an \*(CI.
|
|
\*(XC 'S' \*(CI for additional information regarding this mode.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
m:\fB TIME+\fR \*(EM \*(PU Time, hundredths
|
|
The same as 'TIME', but reflecting more granularity through hundredths of
|
|
a second.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
n:\fB %MEM\fR \*(EM Memory usage (RES)
|
|
A task's currently used share of available \*(MP.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
o:\fB VIRT\fR \*(EM Virtual Image (kb)
|
|
The total amount of \*(MV used by the task.
|
|
It includes all code, data and shared libraries plus pages that have been
|
|
swapped out.
|
|
|
|
VIRT = SWAP + RES.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
p:\fB SWAP\fR \*(EM Swapped size (kb)
|
|
The swapped out portion of a task's total \*(MV image.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
q:\fB RES\fR \*(EM Resident size (kb)
|
|
The non-swapped \*(MP a task has used.
|
|
|
|
RES = CODE + DATA.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
r:\fB CODE\fR \*(EM Code size (kb)
|
|
The amount of \*(MP devoted to executable code, also known as
|
|
the 'text resident set' size or TRS.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
s:\fB DATA\fR \*(EM Data+Stack size (kb)
|
|
The amount of \*(MP devoted to other than executable code, also known as
|
|
the 'data resident set' size or DRS.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
t:\fB SHR\fR \*(EM Shared Mem size (kb)
|
|
The amount of \*(MS used by a task.
|
|
It simply reflects memory that could be potentially shared with
|
|
other processes.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
u:\fB nFLT\fR \*(EM Page Fault count
|
|
The number of\fB major\fR page faults that have occurred for a task.
|
|
A page fault occurs when a process attempts to read from or write to a virtual
|
|
page that is not currently present in its address space.
|
|
A major page fault is when disk access is involved in making that
|
|
page available.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
v:\fB nDRT\fR \*(EM Dirty Pages count
|
|
The number of pages that have been modified since they were last
|
|
written to disk.
|
|
Dirty pages must be written to disk before the corresponding physical memory
|
|
location can be used for some other virtual page.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
w:\fB S\fR \*(EM Process Status
|
|
The status of the task which can be one of:
|
|
'\fBD\fR' = uninterruptible sleep
|
|
'\fBR\fR' = running
|
|
'\fBS\fR' = sleeping
|
|
'\fBT\fR' = traced or stopped
|
|
'\fBZ\fR' = zombie
|
|
|
|
Tasks shown as running should be more properly thought of as 'ready to run'
|
|
\*(EM their task_struct is simply represented on the Linux run-queue.
|
|
Even without a true SMP machine, you may see numerous tasks in this state
|
|
depending on \*(Me's delay interval and nice value.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
x:\fB Command\fR \*(EM Command\fB line\fR or Program\fB name\fR
|
|
Display the command line used to start a task or the name of the associated
|
|
program.
|
|
You toggle between command\fI line\fR and\fI name\fR with 'c', which is both
|
|
a \*(CO and an \*(CI.
|
|
|
|
When you've chosen to display command lines, processes without a command
|
|
line (like kernel threads) will be shown with only the program name in
|
|
parentheses, as in this example:
|
|
\fR( mdrecoveryd )
|
|
|
|
Either form of display is subject to potential truncation if it's too long to
|
|
fit in this field's current width.
|
|
That width depends upon other fields selected, their order and the current
|
|
screen width.
|
|
|
|
\*(NT The 'Command' field/column is unique, in that it is not fixed-width.
|
|
When displayed, this column will be allocated all remaining screen width (up
|
|
to the maximum 512 characters) to provide for the potential growth of program
|
|
names into command lines.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
y:\fB WCHAN\fR \*(EM Sleeping in Function
|
|
Depending on the availability of the kernel link map ('System.map'), this field
|
|
will show the name or the address of the kernel function in which the task is
|
|
currently sleeping.
|
|
Running tasks will display a dash ('-') in this column.
|
|
|
|
\*(NT By displaying this field, \*(Me's own working set will be increased by
|
|
over 700Kb.
|
|
Your only means of reducing that overhead will be to stop and restart \*(Me.
|
|
|
|
.TP 3
|
|
z:\fB Flags\fR \*(EM Task Flags
|
|
This column represents the task's current scheduling flags which are
|
|
expressed in hexadecimal notation and with zeros suppressed.
|
|
These flags are officially documented in <linux/sched.h>.
|
|
Less formal documentation can also be found on the 'Fields select'
|
|
and 'Order fields' screens.
|
|
|
|
.\" ......................................................................
|
|
.SS 2b. SELECTING and ORDERING Columns
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
After pressing the \*(CIs 'f' (Fields select) or \'o' (Order fields) you will
|
|
be shown a screen containing the current \fBfields string\fR followed by names
|
|
and descriptions for all fields.
|
|
|
|
Here is a sample\fB fields string\fR from one of \*(Me's four windows/field
|
|
groups and an explanation of the conventions used:
|
|
.Jbu
|
|
Sample fields string:
|
|
\fIANOPQRSTUVXbcdefgjlmyzWHIK\fR
|
|
.Jbu
|
|
The order of displayed fields corresponds to the order of the letters
|
|
in that string.
|
|
.Jbu
|
|
If the letter is\fI upper case\fR the corresponding field itself will
|
|
then be shown as part of the \*(TD (screen width permitting).
|
|
This will also be indicated by a leading \*(AS, as in this excerpt:
|
|
\fR...
|
|
\fB* K: %CPU = CPU usage
|
|
\fR l: TIME = CPU Time
|
|
\fR m: TIME+ = CPU Time, hundredths
|
|
\fB* N: %MEM = Memory usage (RES)
|
|
\fB* O: VIRT = Virtual Image (kb)
|
|
\fR...
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B Fields select\fR screen \*(EM the 'f' \*(CI
|
|
You\fI toggle\fR the\fB display\fR of a field by simply pressing the
|
|
corresponding letter.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B Order fields\fR screen \*(EM the 'o' \*(CI
|
|
You\fI move\fR a field to the\fB left\fR by pressing the corresponding\fB
|
|
upper case\fR letter and to the\fB right\fR with the\fB lower case\fR
|
|
letter.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.SH 3. INTERACTIVE Commands
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
Listed below is a brief index of commands within categories.
|
|
Some commands appear more than once \*(EM their meaning or scope may vary
|
|
depending on the context in which they are issued.
|
|
|
|
3a.\fI GLOBAL_Commands\fR
|
|
<Ret/Sp> ?, =, A, B, d, G, h, I, k, q, r, s, W, Z
|
|
3b.\fI SUMMARY_Area_Commands\fR
|
|
l, m, t, 1
|
|
3c.\fI TASK_Area_Commands\fR
|
|
Appearance: b, x, y, z
|
|
Content: c, f, o, S, u
|
|
Size: #, i, n
|
|
Sorting: <, >, F, O, R
|
|
3d.\fI COLOR_Mapping\fR
|
|
<Ret>, a, B, b, H, M, q, S, T, w, z, 0 - 7
|
|
4b.\fI COMMANDS_for_Windows\fR
|
|
-, _, =, +, A, a, G, g, w
|
|
|
|
.\" ......................................................................
|
|
.SS 3a. GLOBAL Commands
|
|
The global \*(CIs are\fB always\fR available\fR in both \*(FM and \*(AM.
|
|
However, some of these \*(CIs are\fB not available\fR when running
|
|
in 'Secure mode'.
|
|
|
|
If you wish to know in advance whether or not your \*(Me has been secured,
|
|
simply ask for help and view the system summary on the second line.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \<\fBEnter\fR> or <\fBSpace\fR> :\fIRefresh_Display\fR
|
|
These commands do nothing, they are simply ignored.
|
|
However, they will awaken \*(Me and following receipt of any input
|
|
the entire display will be repainted.
|
|
|
|
Use either of these keys if you have a large delay interval and wish to
|
|
see current status,
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fB?\fR\' or \'\fBh\fR\' :\fIHelp\fR
|
|
There are two help levels available.
|
|
The first will provide a reminder of all the basic \*(CIs.
|
|
If \*(Me is\fI secured\fR, that screen will be abbreviated.
|
|
|
|
Typing 'h' or '?' on that help screen will take you to help for those \*(CIs
|
|
applicable to \*(AM.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fB=\fR\' :\fIExit_Task_Limits\fR
|
|
Removes restrictions on which tasks are shown.
|
|
This command will reverse any 'i' (idle tasks) and 'n' (max tasks) commands
|
|
that might be active.
|
|
It also provides for an 'exit' from PID monitoring.
|
|
See the '-p' \*(CO for a discussion of PID monitoring.
|
|
|
|
When operating in \*(AM this command has a slightly broader meaning.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBA\fR\' :\fIAlternate_Display_Mode_toggle\fR
|
|
This command will switch between \*(FM and \*(AM.
|
|
\*(XT 4. ALTERNATE\-DISPLAY Mode and the 'G' \*(CI for insight into
|
|
\*(CWs and field groups.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBB\fR\' :\fIBold_Disable/Enable_toggle\fR
|
|
This command will influence use of the 'bold' terminfo capability and
|
|
alters\fB both\fR the \*(SA and \*(TA for the \*(CW.
|
|
While it is intended primarily for use with dumb terminals, it can be
|
|
applied anytime.
|
|
|
|
\*(NT When this toggle is \*O and \*(Me is operating in monochrome mode,
|
|
the\fB entire display\fR will appear as normal text.
|
|
Thus, unless the 'x' and/or 'y' toggles are using reverse for emphasis,
|
|
there will be no visual confirmation that they are even on.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
*\ \'\fBd\fR\' or \'\fBs\fR\' :\fIChange_Delay_Time_interval\fR
|
|
You will be prompted to enter the delay time, in seconds, between
|
|
display updates.
|
|
|
|
Fractional seconds are honored, but a negative number is not allowed.
|
|
Entering 0 causes (nearly) continuous updates, with an unsatisfactory
|
|
display as the system and tty driver try to keep up with \*(Me's demands.
|
|
The delay value is inversely proportional to system loading,
|
|
so set it with care.
|
|
|
|
If at any time you wish to know the current delay time, simply ask for help
|
|
and view the system summary on the second line.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBG\fR\' :\fIChoose_Another_Window/Field_Group\fR
|
|
You will be prompted to enter a number between 1 and 4 designating the
|
|
window/field group which should be made the \*(CW.
|
|
You will soon grow comfortable with these 4 windows, especially after
|
|
experimenting with \*(AM.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBI\fR\' :\fIIrix/Solaris_Mode_toggle\fR
|
|
When operating in 'Solaris mode' ('I' toggled \*F), a task's \*(Pu usage
|
|
will be divided by the total number of \*(PUs.
|
|
After issuing this command, you'll be informed of the new state of this toggle.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBu\fR\' :\fIselect a user\fR
|
|
You will be prompted for a UID or username. Only processes
|
|
belonging to the selected user will be displayed. This option
|
|
matches on the effective UID.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBU\fR\' :\fIselect a user\fR
|
|
You will be prompted for a UID or username. Only processes
|
|
belonging to the selected user will be displayed. This option
|
|
matches on the real, effective, saved, and filesystem UID.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
*\ \'\fBk\fR\' :\fIKill_a_task\fR
|
|
You will be prompted for a PID and then the signal to send.
|
|
The default signal, as reflected in the prompt, is SIGTERM.
|
|
However, you can send any signal, via number or name.
|
|
|
|
If you wish to abort the kill process, do one of the following
|
|
depending on your progress:
|
|
1) at the pid prompt, just press <Enter>
|
|
2) at the signal prompt, type 0
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBq\fR\' :\fIQuit\fR
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
*\ \'\fBr\fR\' :\fIRenice_a_Task\fR
|
|
You will be prompted for a PID and then the value to nice it to.
|
|
Entering a positive value will cause a process to lose priority.
|
|
Conversely, a negative value will cause a process to be viewed more
|
|
favorably by the kernel.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBW\fR\' :\fIWrite_the_Configuration_File\fR
|
|
This will save all of your options and toggles plus the current
|
|
display mode and delay time.
|
|
By issuing this command just before quitting \*(Me, you will be able restart
|
|
later in exactly that same state.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBZ\fR\' :\fIChange_Color_Mapping
|
|
This key will take you to a separate screen where you can change the
|
|
colors for the \*(CW, or for all windows.
|
|
For details regarding this \*(CI \*(Xt 3d. COLOR Mapping.
|
|
|
|
.IP "*" 3
|
|
The commands shown with an \*(AS are not available in 'Secure mode',
|
|
nor will they be shown on the level-1 help screen.
|
|
|
|
.\" ......................................................................
|
|
.SS 3b. SUMMARY Area Commands
|
|
The \*(SA \*(CIs are\fB always available\fR in both \*(FM and \*(AM.
|
|
They affect the beginning lines of your display and will determine the position
|
|
of messages and prompts.
|
|
|
|
These commands always impact just the \*(CW/field group.
|
|
\*(XT 4. ALTERNATE\-DISPLAY Mode and the 'G' \*(CI for insight into
|
|
\*(CWs and field groups.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBl\fR\' :\fIToggle_Load_Average/Uptime\fR \*(EM On/Off
|
|
This is also the line containing the program name (possibly an alias) when
|
|
operating in \*(FM or the \*(CW name when operating in \*(AM.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBm\fR\' :\fIToggle_Memory/Swap_Usage\fR \*(EM On/Off
|
|
This command affects two \*(SA lines.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBt\fR\' :\fIToggle_Task/Cpu_States\fR \*(EM On/Off
|
|
This command affects from 2 to many \*(SA lines, depending on the state
|
|
of the '1' toggle and whether or not \*(Me is running under true SMP.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fB1\fR\' :\fIToggle_Single/Separate_Cpu_States\fR \*(EM On/Off
|
|
This command affects how the 't' command's Cpu States portion is shown.
|
|
Although this toggle exists primarily to serve massively-parallel SMP machines,
|
|
it is not restricted to solely SMP environments.
|
|
|
|
When you see 'Cpu(s):' in the \*(SA, the '1' toggle is \*O and all
|
|
\*(Pu information is gathered in a single line.
|
|
Otherwise, each \*(Pu is displayed separately as: 'Cpu0, Cpu1, ...'
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
\*(NT If the entire \*(SA has been toggled \*F for any window, you would be left
|
|
with just the\fB message line\fR.
|
|
In that way, you will have maximized available task rows but (temporarily)
|
|
sacrificed the program name in \*(FM or the \*(CW name when in \*(AM.
|
|
|
|
.\" ......................................................................
|
|
.SS 3c. TASK Area Commands
|
|
The \*(TA \*(CIs are\fB always\fR available in \*(FM.
|
|
|
|
The \*(TA \*(CIs are\fB never available\fR in \*(AM\fI if\fR the \*(CW's
|
|
\*(TD has been toggled \*F (\*(Xt 4. ALTERNATE\-DISPLAY Mode).
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
.\" .........................
|
|
.B APPEARANCE\fR of \*(TW
|
|
.br
|
|
.in +2
|
|
The following commands will also be influenced by the state of the
|
|
global 'B' (bold disable) toggle.
|
|
.in
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBb\fR\' :\fIBold/Reverse_toggle\fR
|
|
This command will impact how the 'x' and 'y' toggles are displayed.
|
|
Further, it will only be available when at least one of those toggles is \*O.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBx\fR\' :\fIColumn_Highlight_toggle\fR
|
|
Changes highlighting for the current sort field.
|
|
You probably don't need a constant visual reminder of the sort field and
|
|
\*(Me hopes that you always run with 'column highlight' \*F, due to the cost
|
|
in path-length.
|
|
|
|
If you forget which field is being sorted this command can serve as a quick
|
|
visual reminder.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBy\fR\' :\fIRow_Highlight_toggle\fR
|
|
Changes highlighting for "running" tasks.
|
|
For additional insight into this task state, \*(Xt 2a. DESCRIPTIONS of Fields,
|
|
Process Status.
|
|
|
|
Use of this provision provides important insight into your system's health.
|
|
The only costs will be a few additional tty escape sequences.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBz\fR\' :\fIColor/Monochrome_toggle\fR
|
|
Switches the \*(CW between your last used color scheme and the older form
|
|
of black-on-white or white-on-black.
|
|
This command will alter\fB both\fR the \*(SA and \*(TA but does not affect the
|
|
state of the 'x', 'y' or 'b' toggles.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
.\" .........................
|
|
.B CONTENT\fR of \*(TW
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBc\fR\' :\fICommand_Line/Program_Name_toggle\fR
|
|
This command will be honored whether or not the 'Command' column
|
|
is currently visible.
|
|
Later, should that field come into view, the change you applied will be seen.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBf\fR\' and \'\fBo\fR\' :\fIFields_select\fR or \fIOrder_fields\fR
|
|
These keys display separate screens where you can change which
|
|
fields are displayed and their order.
|
|
For additional information on these \*(CIs
|
|
\*(Xt 2b. SELECTING and ORDERING Columns.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBS\fR\' :\fICumulative_Time_Mode_toggle\fR
|
|
When 'Cumulative mode' is \*O, each process is listed with the \*(Pu
|
|
time that it and its dead children have used.
|
|
|
|
When \*F, programs that fork into many separate tasks will appear
|
|
less demanding.
|
|
For programs like 'init' or a shell this is appropriate but for others,
|
|
like compilers, perhaps not.
|
|
Experiment with two \*(TWs sharing the same sort field but with different 'S'
|
|
states and see which representation you prefer.
|
|
|
|
After issuing this command, you'll be informed of the new state of this toggle.
|
|
If you wish to know in advance whether or not 'Cumulative mode' is in
|
|
effect, simply ask for help and view the window summary on the second line.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBu\fR\' :\fIShow_Specific_User_Only\fR
|
|
You will be prompted to enter the name of the user to display.
|
|
Thereafter, in that \*(TW only matching User ID's will be shown, or possibly
|
|
no tasks will be shown.
|
|
|
|
Later, if you wish to monitor all tasks again, re-issue this command but
|
|
just press <Enter> at the prompt, without providing a name.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
.\" .........................
|
|
.B SIZE\fR of \*(TW
|
|
.PD 0
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBi\fR\' :\fIIdle_Processes_toggle\fR
|
|
Displays all tasks or just active tasks.
|
|
When this toggle is \*F, idled or zombied processes will not be displayed.
|
|
|
|
If this command is applied to the last \*(TD when in \*(AM, then it will not
|
|
affect the window's size, as all prior \*(TDs will have already been painted.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBn\fR\' or \'#\' :\fISet_Maximum_Tasks\fR
|
|
You will be prompted to enter the number of tasks to display.
|
|
The lessor of your number and available screen rows will be used.
|
|
|
|
When used in \*(AM, this is the command that gives you precise control over
|
|
the size of each currently visible \*(TD, except for the very last.
|
|
It will not affect the last window's size, as all prior \*(TDs will have
|
|
already been painted.
|
|
|
|
\*(NT If you wish to increase the size of the last visible \*(TD when in \*(AM,
|
|
simply decrease the size of the \*(TD(s) above it.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
.\" .........................
|
|
.B SORTING\fR of \*(TW
|
|
.br
|
|
.in +2
|
|
For compatibility, this \*(Me supports most of the former \*(Me sort keys.
|
|
Since this is primarily a service to former \*(Me users, these commands do
|
|
not appear on any help screen.
|
|
command sorted field supported
|
|
A start time (non-display) No
|
|
M %MEM Yes
|
|
N PID Yes
|
|
P %CPU Yes
|
|
T TIME+ Yes
|
|
|
|
Before using any of the following sort provisions, \*(Me suggests that you
|
|
temporarily turn on column highlighting using the 'x' \*(CI.
|
|
That will help ensure that the actual sort environment matches your intent.
|
|
|
|
The following \*(CIs will\fB only\fR be honored when the
|
|
current sort field is\fB visible\fR.
|
|
The sort field might\fI not\fR be visible because:
|
|
1) there is insufficient\fI Screen Width\fR
|
|
2) the 'f' \*(CI turned it \*F
|
|
.in
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fB<\fR\' :\fIMove_Sort_Field_Left\fR
|
|
Moves the sort column to the left unless the current sort field is
|
|
the first field being displayed.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fB>\fR\' :\fIMove_Sort_Field_Right\fR
|
|
Moves the sort column to the right unless the current sort field is
|
|
the last field being displayed.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
.in +2
|
|
The following \*(CIs will\fB always\fR be honored whether or not
|
|
the current sort field is visible.
|
|
.in
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBF\fR\' or \'\fBO\fR\' :\fISelect_Sort_Field\fR
|
|
These keys display a separate screen where you can change which field
|
|
is used as the sort column.
|
|
|
|
If a field is selected which was not previously being displayed, it will
|
|
be forced \*O when you return to the \*(Me display.
|
|
However, depending upon your screen width and the order of your fields,
|
|
this sort field may not be displayable.
|
|
|
|
This \*(CI can be a convienent way to simply verify the current sort field,
|
|
when running \*(Me with column highlighting turned \*F.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBR\fR\' :\fIReverse/Normal_Sort_Field_toggle\fR
|
|
Using this \*(CI you can alternate between high-to-low and low-to-high sorts.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
.in +2
|
|
\*(NT Field sorting uses internal values, not those in column display.
|
|
Thus, the TTY and WCHAN fields will violate strict ASCII collating sequence.
|
|
.in
|
|
|
|
.\" ......................................................................
|
|
.SS 3d. COLOR Mapping
|
|
When you issue the 'Z' \*(CI, you will be presented with a separate screen.
|
|
That screen can be used to change the colors in just the \*(CW or
|
|
in all four windows before returning to the \*(Me display.
|
|
|
|
.P
|
|
.B Available \*(CIs
|
|
\fB4\fR upper case letters to select a\fB target\fR
|
|
\fB8\fR numbers to select a\fB color\fR
|
|
normal toggles available\fR
|
|
'B' :bold disable/enable
|
|
'b' :running tasks "bold"/reverse
|
|
'z' :color/mono
|
|
other commands available\fR
|
|
'a'/'w' :apply, then go to next/prior
|
|
<Enter> :apply and exit
|
|
'q' :abandon current changes and exit
|
|
|
|
If your use 'a' or 'w' to cycle the targeted window, you will
|
|
have applied the color scheme that was displayed when you left that window.
|
|
You can, of course, easily return to any window and reapply different
|
|
colors or turn colors \*F completely with the 'z' toggle.
|
|
|
|
The Color Mapping screen can also be used to change the \*(CW/field group
|
|
in either \*(FM or \*(AM.
|
|
Whatever was targeted when 'q' or <Enter> was pressed will be made current
|
|
as you return to the \*(Me display.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.SH 4. ALTERNATE\-DISPLAY Mode
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.\" ......................................................................
|
|
.SS 4a. WINDOWS Overview
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B Field Groups/Windows\fR:
|
|
.br
|
|
In \*(FM there is a single window represented by the entire screen.
|
|
That single window can still be changed to display 1 of 4 different\fB field
|
|
groups\fR (\*(Xc 'G' \*(CI, repeated below).
|
|
Each of the 4 field groups has a unique separately configurable\fB \*(SA\fR
|
|
and its own configurable\fB \*(TA\fR.
|
|
|
|
In \*(AM, those 4 underlying field groups can now be made visible
|
|
simultaneously, or can be turned \*F individually at your command.
|
|
|
|
The \*(SA will always exist, even if it's only the message line.
|
|
At any given time only\fI one\fR \*(SA can be displayed.
|
|
However, depending on your commands, there could be from\fI zero\fR
|
|
to\fI four\fR separate \*(TDs currently showing on the screen.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B Current Window\fR:
|
|
.br
|
|
The \*(CW is the window associated with the \*(SA and the window to which
|
|
task related commands are always directed.
|
|
Since in \*(AM you can toggle the \*(TD \*F, some commands might be
|
|
restricted for the \*(CW.
|
|
|
|
A further complication arises when you have toggled the first \*(SA
|
|
line \*F.
|
|
With the loss of the window name (the 'l' toggled line), you'll not easily
|
|
know what window is the \*(CW.
|
|
|
|
.\" ......................................................................
|
|
.SS 4b. COMMANDS for Windows
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fB-\fR\' and \'\fB_\fR\' :\fIShow/Hide_Window(s)_toggles\fR
|
|
The '-' key turns the \*(CW's \*(TD \*O and \*F.
|
|
When \*O, that \*(TA will show a minimum of the columns header you've
|
|
established with the 'f' and 'o' commands.
|
|
It will also reflect any other \*(TA options/toggles you've applied yielding
|
|
zero or more tasks.
|
|
|
|
The '_' key does the same for all \*(TDs.
|
|
In other words, it switches between the currently visible \*(TD(s) and any
|
|
\*(TD(s) you had toggled \*F.
|
|
If all 4 \*(TDs are currently visible, this \*(CI will leave the \*(SA
|
|
as the only display element.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
*\ \'\fB=\fR\' and \'\fB+\fR\' :\fIEqualize_(re-balance)_Window(s)\fR
|
|
The '=' key forces the \*(CW's \*(TD to be visible.
|
|
It also reverses any 'i' (idle tasks) and 'n' (max tasks) commands that might
|
|
be active.
|
|
|
|
The '+' key does the same for all windows.
|
|
The four \*(TDs will reappear, evenly balanced.
|
|
They will also have retained any customizations you had previously applied,
|
|
except for the 'i' (idle tasks) and 'n' (max tasks) commands.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
*\ \'\fBA\fR\' :\fIAlternate_Display_Mode_toggle\fR
|
|
This command will switch between \*(FM and \*(AM.
|
|
|
|
The first time you issue this command, all four \*(TDs will be shown.
|
|
Thereafter when you switch modes, you will see only the \*(TD(s) you've
|
|
chosen to make visible.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
*\ \'\fBa\fR\' and \'\fBw\fR\' :\fINext_Window_Forward/Backward\fR
|
|
This will change the \*(CW, which in turn changes the window to which
|
|
commands are directed.
|
|
These keys act in a circular fashion so you can reach any desired \*(CW
|
|
using either key.
|
|
|
|
Assuming the window name is visible (you have not toggled 'l' \*F),
|
|
whenever the \*(CW name loses its emphasis/color, that's a reminder
|
|
the \*(TD is \*F and many commands will be restricted.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
*\ \'\fBG\fR\' :\fIChoose_Another_Window/Field_Group\fR
|
|
You will be prompted to enter a number between 1 and 4 designating the
|
|
window/field group which should be made the \*(CW.
|
|
|
|
In \*(FM, this command is necessary to alter the \*(CW.
|
|
In \*(AM, it is simply a less convenient alternative to the 'a' and 'w'
|
|
commands.
|
|
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ \ \'\fBg\fR\' :\fIChange_Window/Field_Group_Name\fR
|
|
You will be prompted for a new name to be applied to the \*(CW.
|
|
It does not require that the window name be visible
|
|
(the 'l' toggle to be \*O).
|
|
|
|
.IP "*" 3
|
|
The \*(CIs shown with an \*(AS have use beyond \*(AM.
|
|
\'=', 'A', 'G' are always available
|
|
\'a', 'w' act the same when color mapping
|
|
|
|
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.SH 5. FILES
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.\" ......................................................................
|
|
.SS 5a. SYSTEM Configuration File
|
|
The presence of this file will influence which version of the 'help' screen
|
|
is shown to an ordinary user.
|
|
More importantly, it will limit what ordinary users are allowed
|
|
to do when \*(Me is running.
|
|
They will not be able to issue the following commands.
|
|
k Kill a task
|
|
r Renice a task
|
|
d or s Change delay/sleep interval
|
|
|
|
The system \*(CF is\fB not\fR created by \*(Me.
|
|
Rather, you create this file manually and place it in the \fI/etc\fR
|
|
directory.
|
|
Its name must be 'toprc' and must have no leading '.' (period).
|
|
It must have only two lines.
|
|
|
|
Here is an example of the contents of\fI /etc/toprc\fR:
|
|
s # line 1: 'secure' mode switch
|
|
5.0 # line 2: 'delay'\ \ interval in seconds
|
|
|
|
.\" ......................................................................
|
|
.SS 5b. PERSONAL Configuration File
|
|
This file is written as '$HOME/.your-name-4-top' + 'rc'.
|
|
Use the 'W' \*(CI to create it or update it.
|
|
|
|
Here is the general layout:
|
|
global # line 1: the program name/alias notation
|
|
" # line 2: id,altscr,irixps,delay,curwin
|
|
per ea # line a: winname,fieldscur
|
|
window # line b: winflags,sortindx,maxtasks
|
|
" # line c: summclr,msgsclr,headclr,taskclr
|
|
|
|
If the $HOME variable is not present, \*(Me will try to write the
|
|
personal \*(CF to the current directory, subject to permissions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.SH 6. STUPID TRICKS Sampler
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
Many of these 'tricks' work best when you give \*(Me a scheduling boost.
|
|
So plan on starting him with a nice value of -10, assuming you've got
|
|
the authority.
|
|
|
|
.\" ......................................................................
|
|
.SS 6a. Kernel Magic
|
|
.\" sorry, just can't help it -- don't ya love the sound of this?
|
|
For these stupid tricks, \*(Me needs \*(FM.
|
|
.\" ( apparently AM static was a potential concern )
|
|
|
|
.New
|
|
The user interface, through prompts and help, intentionally implies
|
|
that the delay interval is limited to tenths of a second.
|
|
However, you're free to set any desired delay.
|
|
If you want to see Linux at his scheduling best, try a delay of .09
|
|
seconds or less.
|
|
|
|
For this experiment, under x-windows open an xterm and maximize it.
|
|
Then do the following:
|
|
. provide a scheduling boost and tiny delay via:
|
|
nice -n -10 top -d.09
|
|
. keep sorted column highlighting \*F to minimize
|
|
path length
|
|
. turn \*O reverse row highlighting for emphasis
|
|
. try various sort columns (TIME/MEM work well),
|
|
and normal or reverse sorts to bring the most
|
|
active processes into view
|
|
|
|
What you'll see is a very busy Linux doing what he's always done for you,
|
|
but there was no program available to illustrate this.
|
|
|
|
.New
|
|
Under an xterm using 'white-on-black' colors, try setting \*(Me's task color
|
|
to black and be sure that task highlighting is set to bold, not reverse.
|
|
Then set the delay interval to around .3 seconds.
|
|
|
|
After bringing the most active processes into view, what you'll see are
|
|
the ghostly images of just the currently running tasks.
|
|
|
|
.New
|
|
Delete the existing rcfile, or create a new symlink.
|
|
Start this new version then type 'T' (a secret key, \*(Xt 3c. TASK Area
|
|
Commands, Sorting) followed by 'W' and 'q'.
|
|
Finally, restart the program with -d0 (zero delay).
|
|
|
|
Your display will be refreshed at three times the rate of the former \*(Me,
|
|
a 300% speed advantage.
|
|
As \*(Me climbs the TIME ladder, be as patient as you can while speculating
|
|
on whether or not \*(Me will ever reach the \*(Me.
|
|
|
|
.\" ......................................................................
|
|
.SS 6b. Bouncing Windows
|
|
For these stupid tricks, \*(Me needs \*(AM.
|
|
|
|
.New
|
|
With 3 or 4 \*(TDs visible, pick any window other than the last
|
|
and turn idle processes \*F.
|
|
Depending on where you applied 'i', sometimes several \*(TDs are bouncing and
|
|
sometimes it's like an accordion, as \*(Me tries his best to allocate space.
|
|
|
|
.New
|
|
Set each window's summary lines differently: one with no memory; another with
|
|
no states; maybe one with nothing at all, just the message line.
|
|
Then hold down 'a' or 'w' and watch a variation on bouncing windows \*(EM
|
|
hopping windows.
|
|
|
|
.New
|
|
Display all 4 windows and for each, in turn, set idle processes to \*F.
|
|
You've just entered the "extreme bounce" zone.
|
|
|
|
.\" ......................................................................
|
|
.SS 6c. The Big Bird Window
|
|
This stupid trick also requires \*(AM.
|
|
|
|
.New
|
|
Display all 4 windows and make sure that 1:Def is the \*(CW.
|
|
Then, keep increasing window size until the all the other \*(TDs
|
|
are "pushed out of the nest".
|
|
|
|
When they've all been displaced, toggle between all visible/invisible windows.
|
|
Then ponder this:
|
|
.br
|
|
is \*(Me fibbing or telling honestly your imposed truth?
|
|
|
|
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.SH 7. BUGS
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
Send bug reports to:
|
|
Albert D\. Cahalan, <albert@users.sf.net>
|
|
|
|
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.SH 8. HISTORY Former top
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
The original top was written by Roger Binns,
|
|
based on Branko Lankester's <lankeste@fwi.uva.nl> ps program.
|
|
|
|
Robert Nation <nation@rocket.sanders.lockheed.com>
|
|
adapted it for the proc file system.
|
|
|
|
Helmut Geyer <Helmut.Geyer@iwr.uni-heidelberg.de>
|
|
added support for configurable fields.
|
|
|
|
Plus many other individuals contributed over the years.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.SH 9. AUTHOR
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
This entirely new and enhanced replacement was written by:
|
|
Jim / James C. Warner, <warnerjc@worldnet.att.net>
|
|
.ig
|
|
( as a means to learn Linux, can you believe it? )
|
|
( & he accidentally learned a little groff, too! )
|
|
..
|
|
|
|
With invaluable help from:
|
|
Albert D\. Cahalan, <albert@users.sf.net>
|
|
Craig Small, <csmall@small.dropbear.id.au>
|
|
|
|
.ig
|
|
.rj 2
|
|
.B -*-\fR few though they are, some yet believe\fB -*-\fR
|
|
.B -*-\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\fRin-the-\fBart\fR-of-programming\~\~\~\~\~\~\~\fB-*-\fR
|
|
..
|
|
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.SH 10. SEE ALSO
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.BR free (1),
|
|
.BR ps (1),
|
|
.BR uptime (1),
|
|
.BR atop (1),
|
|
.BR slabtop (1),
|
|
.BR vmstat (8),
|
|
.BR w (1).
|
|
|
|
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.ig
|
|
.rj 1
|
|
\-*-
|
|
.PD
|
|
.in -3
|
|
Copyright (c) 2002 \*(EM JC Warner & Associates, Ltd.
|
|
|
|
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
|
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
|
|
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
|
|
with no Front-Cover Texts, no Back-Cover Texts, and with the following
|
|
Invariant Sections and any sub-sections therein:
|
|
.na
|
|
.hy 0
|
|
.in +3
|
|
STUPID\ TRICKS\ Sampler;
|
|
.br
|
|
AUTHOR
|
|
.in
|
|
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
|
|
\(dqGNU Free Documentation License\(dq.
|
|
..
|
|
.
|
|
.\" end: active doc ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
.\" ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
.ig
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.SH GNU Free Documentation License
|
|
Version 1.1, March 2000
|
|
|
|
Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
|
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
|
|
|
|
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
|
|
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
|
|
|
|
.SS 0. PREAMBLE
|
|
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
|
|
written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
|
|
the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
|
|
modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily,
|
|
this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
|
|
credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
|
|
modifications made by others.
|
|
|
|
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
|
|
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
|
|
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
|
|
license designed for free software.
|
|
|
|
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
|
|
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
|
|
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
|
|
software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
|
|
it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
|
|
whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
|
|
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
|
|
|
|
.SS 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
|
|
This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
|
|
notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
|
|
under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any
|
|
such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
|
|
addressed as "you".
|
|
|
|
A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
|
|
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
|
|
modifications and/or translated into another language.
|
|
|
|
A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
|
|
the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
|
|
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
|
|
(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
|
|
within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a
|
|
textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
|
|
mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
|
|
connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
|
|
commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
|
|
them.
|
|
|
|
The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
|
|
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
|
|
that says that the Document is released under this License.
|
|
|
|
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
|
|
as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
|
|
the Document is released under this License.
|
|
|
|
A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
|
|
represented in a format whose specification is available to the
|
|
general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
|
|
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
|
|
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
|
|
drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
|
|
for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
|
|
to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
|
|
format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
|
|
subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is
|
|
not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
|
|
|
|
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
|
|
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
|
|
or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
|
|
HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include
|
|
PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
|
|
by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
|
|
processing tools are not generally available, and the
|
|
machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output
|
|
purposes only.
|
|
|
|
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
|
|
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
|
|
this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
|
|
formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
|
|
the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
|
|
preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
|
|
|
|
.SS 2. VERBATIM COPYING
|
|
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
|
|
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
|
|
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
|
|
to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
|
|
conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
|
|
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
|
|
copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
|
|
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
|
|
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
|
|
|
|
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
|
|
you may publicly display copies.
|
|
|
|
.SS 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
|
|
If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
|
|
and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
|
|
the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
|
|
Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
|
|
the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
|
|
you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
|
|
the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
|
|
visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
|
|
Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
|
|
the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
|
|
as verbatim copying in other respects.
|
|
|
|
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
|
|
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
|
|
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
|
|
pages.
|
|
|
|
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
|
|
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
|
|
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
|
|
a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
|
|
Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
|
|
general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
|
|
charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter
|
|
option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
|
|
distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
|
|
Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
|
|
until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
|
|
copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
|
|
the public.
|
|
|
|
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
|
|
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
|
|
them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
|
|
|
|
.SS 4. MODIFICATIONS
|
|
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
|
|
the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
|
|
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
|
|
Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
|
|
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
|
|
of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
|
|
|
|
.HP 3
|
|
.B A\fR.\ Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
|
|
from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should,
|
|
if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document).
|
|
You may use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of
|
|
that version gives permission.
|
|
.HP 3
|
|
.B B\fR.\ List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
|
|
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version,
|
|
together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document
|
|
(all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).
|
|
.HP 3
|
|
.B C\fR.\ State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified
|
|
Version, as the publisher.
|
|
.HP 3
|
|
.B D\fR.\ Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
|
|
.HP 3
|
|
.B E\fR.\ Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent
|
|
to the other copyright notices.
|
|
.HP 3
|
|
.B F\fR.\ Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
|
|
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of
|
|
this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
|
|
.HP 3
|
|
.B G\fR.\ Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
|
|
and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
|
|
.HP 3
|
|
.B H\fR.\ Include an unaltered copy of this License.
|
|
.HP 3
|
|
.B I\fR.\ Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to it
|
|
an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the
|
|
Modified Version as given on the Title Page.
|
|
If there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating
|
|
the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title
|
|
Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the
|
|
previous sentence.
|
|
.HP 3
|
|
.B J\fR.\ Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
|
|
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network
|
|
locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on.
|
|
These may be placed in the "History" section.
|
|
You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least four
|
|
years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version
|
|
it refers to gives permission.
|
|
.HP 3
|
|
.B K\fR.\ In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve
|
|
the section's title, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of
|
|
each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
|
|
.HP 3
|
|
.B L\fR.\ Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their
|
|
text and in their titles.
|
|
Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
|
|
.HP 3
|
|
.B M\fR.\ Delete any section entitled "Endorsements".
|
|
Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version.
|
|
.HP 3
|
|
.B N\fR.\ Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict
|
|
in title with any Invariant Section.
|
|
|
|
.PP
|
|
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
|
|
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
|
|
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
|
|
of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
|
|
list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
|
|
These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
|
|
|
|
You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
|
|
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
|
|
parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
|
|
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
|
|
standard.
|
|
|
|
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
|
|
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
|
|
of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
|
|
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
|
|
through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
|
|
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
|
|
by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
|
|
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
|
|
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
|
|
|
|
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
|
|
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
|
|
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
|
|
|
|
.SS 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
|
|
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
|
|
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
|
|
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
|
|
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
|
|
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
|
|
license notice.
|
|
|
|
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
|
|
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
|
|
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
|
|
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
|
|
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
|
|
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
|
|
Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
|
|
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
|
|
|
|
In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History"
|
|
in the various original documents, forming one section entitled
|
|
"History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements",
|
|
and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
|
|
entitled "Endorsements."
|
|
|
|
.SS 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
|
|
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
|
|
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
|
|
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
|
|
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
|
|
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
|
|
|
|
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
|
|
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
|
|
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
|
|
other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
|
|
|
|
.SS 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
|
|
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
|
|
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
|
|
distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version
|
|
of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the
|
|
compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this
|
|
License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled
|
|
with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they
|
|
are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
|
|
|
|
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
|
|
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter
|
|
of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
|
|
covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate.
|
|
Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
|
|
|
|
.SS 8. TRANSLATION
|
|
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
|
|
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
|
|
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
|
|
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
|
|
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
|
|
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
|
|
translation of this License provided that you also include the
|
|
original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement
|
|
between the translation and the original English version of this
|
|
License, the original English version will prevail.
|
|
|
|
.SS 9. TERMINATION
|
|
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
|
|
as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
|
|
copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
|
|
automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
|
|
parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
|
|
License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
|
|
parties remain in full compliance.
|
|
|
|
.SS 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
|
|
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
|
|
of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
|
|
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
|
|
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
|
|
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
|
|
|
|
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
|
|
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
|
|
License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
|
|
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
|
|
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
|
|
Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
|
|
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
|
|
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
|
|
|
|
.SS ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
|
|
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
|
|
the License in the document and put the following copyright and
|
|
license notices just after the title page:
|
|
|
|
.IP "" 3
|
|
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
|
|
|
|
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
|
|
terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version
|
|
published by the Free Software Foundation;\ \ with the Invariant Sections being
|
|
LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the
|
|
Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
|
|
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
|
|
Free Documentation License".
|
|
|
|
If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections"
|
|
instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no
|
|
Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of
|
|
"Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
|
|
|
|
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
|
|
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
|
|
free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
|
|
to permit their use in free software.
|
|
|
|
.\" ----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
.SH \fRend of\fB GNU Free Documentation License
|
|
.IP ""
|
|
.PP
|
|
..
|
|
.\" end: gfdl license ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
.\" ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|