357 lines
10 KiB
Groff
357 lines
10 KiB
Groff
.\" This file Copyright 1992, 1997 Michael K. Johnson <johnsonm@redhat.com>
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.\" and 1996 Charles L. Blake <cblake@bbn.com>
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.\" It may be distributed under the GNU Public License, version 2, or
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.\" any higher version. See section COPYING of the GNU Public license
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.\" for conditions under which this file may be redistributed.
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.TH PS 1 "3 Sep 1997" "Cohesive Systems" "Linux User's Manual"
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.SH NAME
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ps \- report process status
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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ps [\fBlujsvmaxScewhrnu\fR] [\fBt\fIxx\fR] \
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[\fBO\fR[\fB+\fR|\fB-\fR]\fIk1\fR[[\fB+\fR|\fB-\fR]\fIk2\fR...]] \
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[\fIpids\fR]
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there are also three long options:
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.BR \-\-sort\fIX [ + | - ] \fIkey [,[ + | - ] \fIkey [, ... ]]
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.B "\-\-help"
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.B "\-\-version"
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More long options are on the way...
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.B "ps "
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gives a snapshot of the current processes. If you want a repetitive
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update of this status, use
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.BR top .
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This man page documents the
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.IR /proc -based
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version of
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.BR ps ,
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or tries to.
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.PP
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.SH "COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS"
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The command-line options for this version of
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.B ps
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are derived from the BSD version of
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.BR ps ,
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not the System V version.
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The command-line arguments should \fBnot\fP be preceeded by a `\-' character,
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because in the future, a `\-' will be used to indicate Unix98-standard
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command-line arguments, while no `\-' will indicate the current
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``extended BSD'' style of command line arguments.
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For now, ps will give you a warning if you use a `\-' for a short option,
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but it will still work. If you have shell scripts which use BSD-style
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arguments to ps, take heed of the warning and fix them, or else your
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scripts will fail to function correctly at some point in the future.
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If you want to turn off the warnings, set the
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.B I_WANT_A_BROKEN_PS
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environment variable.
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There are also some ``long options'' in GNU style; see below for those.
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.PP
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.PD 0
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "l "
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long format
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "u "
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user format: gives user name and start time
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "j "
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jobs format: pgid sid
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "s"
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signal format
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "v "
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vm format
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "m "
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displays memory info (combine with
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.B p
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flag to get number of pages).
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "f "
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"forest" family tree format for command line
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "a "
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show processes of other users too
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "x "
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show processes without controlling terminal
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "S "
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add child cpu time and page faults
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "c "
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command name from task_struct
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "e "
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show environment after command line and ` + '
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "w "
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wide output: don't truncate command lines to fit on one line.
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To be exact, every w that is specified will add another possible
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line to the output. If the space isn't needed it isn't used. You
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may up to 100
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.BR w 's.
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "h "
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no header
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "r "
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running procs only
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "n "
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numeric output for
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.BR USER " and " WCHAN .
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.PD 1
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.TP 0.5i
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.BI t xx
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only procs with controlling tty \fIxx\fR; for \fIxx\fR you may use either the
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name of a device file under "/dev" or that name with either
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.IR tty " or " cu
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sliced off. This is the reverse heuristic that ps uses to print out the
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abbreviated tty name in the \fBTT\fR field, e.g.
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.BR "ps t1" .
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.TP 0.5i
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.BR O [ + | - ] \fIk1 [,[ + | - ] \fIk2 [, ... ]]
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Order the process listing according to the multi-level sort specified by
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the sequence of \fIshort\fR keys from \fBSORT KEYS\fR, \fIk1\fR, \fIk2\fR, ...
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Default order specifications exist for each of the various formats of \fBps\fR.
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These are over-ridden by a user specified ordering. The `+' is quite optional,
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merely re-iterating the default direction on a key. `-' reverses direction only
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on the key it precedes. As with \fBt\fR and \fIpids\fR, the O option must be
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the last option in a single command argument, but specifications in successive
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arguments are catenated.
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.TP 0.5i
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.I pids
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List only the specified processes; they are comma-delimited. The
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list must be given immediately after the last option in a single command-line
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argument, with no intervening space, e.g.
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.BR "ps j1,4,5" .
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Lists specified in subsequent arguments are catenated, e.g.
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.B ps l 1,2 3,4 5 6
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will list all of the processes 1-6 in long format. If pids are given, they
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are listed no matter what. If a tty is given matching processes are listed
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no matter what. These two features override the 'a' and 'x' flags.
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.SH "LONG COMMAND\-LINE OPTIONS"
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These options are preceeded by a double\-hyphen.
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.TP 0.5i
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.BR \-\-sort\fIX [ + | - ] \fIkey [,[ + | - ] \fIkey [, ... ]]
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Choose a \fImulti-letter key\fR from the \fBSORT KEYS\fR section. \fIX\fR may be
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any convenient separator character. To be GNU-ish use `='. The `+' is really
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optional since default direction is increasing numerical or lexicographic order.
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E.g.:
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.B ps jax --sort=uid,-ppid,+pid
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "\-\-help"
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Get a help message that summarizes the usage and gives a list of
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supported sort keys. This list may be more up to date than this man
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page.
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "\-\-version"
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Display version and source of this program.
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.SH "SORT KEYS"
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Note that the values used in sorting are the internal values \fBps\fR uses and
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\fInot\fR the `cooked' values used in some of the output format fields. If
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someone wants to volunteer to write special comparison functions for the cooked
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values, ... ;-)
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SHORT LONG DESCRIPTION
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.PD 0
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.TP 0.5i
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c cmd simple name of executable
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.TP 0.5i
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C cmdline full command line
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.TP 0.5i
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f flags flags as in long format F field
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.TP 0.5i
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g pgrp process group ID
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.TP 0.5i
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G tpgid controlling tty process group ID
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.TP 0.5i
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j cutime cumulative user time
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.TP 0.5i
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J cstime cumulative system time
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.TP 0.5i
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k utime user time
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.TP 0.5i
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K stime system time
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.TP 0.5i
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m min_flt number of minor page faults
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.TP 0.5i
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M maj_flt number of major page faults
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.TP 0.5i
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n cmin_flt cumulative minor page faults
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.TP 0.5i
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N cmaj_flt cumulative major page faults
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.TP 0.5i
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o session session ID
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.TP 0.5i
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p pid process ID
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.TP 0.5i
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P ppid parent process ID
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.TP 0.5i
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r rss resident set size
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.TP 0.5i
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R resident resident pages
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.TP 0.5i
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s size memory size in kilobytes
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.TP 0.5i
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S share amount of shared pages
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.TP 0.5i
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t tty the minor device number of tty
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.TP 0.5i
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T start_time time process was started
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.TP 0.5i
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U uid user ID number
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.TP 0.5i
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u user user name
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.TP 0.5i
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v vsize total VM size in bytes
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.TP 0.5i
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y priority kernel scheduling priority
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.PD 1
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.SH "FIELD DESCRIPTIONS"
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "PRI "
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This is the counter field in the task struct. It is the time in
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.B HZ
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of the process's possible timeslice.
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "NI "
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Standard unix nice value; a positive value means less cpu time.
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "SIZE "
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Virtual image size; size of text+data+stack.
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "RSS "
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Resident set size; kilobytes of program in memory.
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "WCHAN "
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Name of the kernel function where the process is sleeping, with the
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.RB ` sys_ '
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stripped from the function name. If
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.I /etc/psdatabase
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does not exist, it is just a hex number instead.
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "STAT "
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Information about the status of the process. The first field is
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.B R
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for runnable,
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.B S
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for sleeping,
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.B D
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for uninterruptible sleep,
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.B T
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for stopped or traced, or
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.B Z
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for a zombie process. The second field contains
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.B W
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if the process has no resident pages. The third field is
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.B N
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if the process has a positive nice value
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.RB ( NI
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field).
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "TT "
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Controlling tty.
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "PAGEIN "
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Number of major page faults (page faults that cause pages to be read
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from disk, including pages read from the buffer cache).
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "TRS "
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Text resident size.
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "SWAP "
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Kilobytes (or pages if
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.B p
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is used) on swap device.
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.TP 0.5i
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.B "SHARE "
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Shared memory.
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.SH UPDATING
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This
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.BR proc -based
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.B ps
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works by reading the files in the
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.B proc
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filesystem, mounted on
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.BR /proc .
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This
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.B ps
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does not need to be suid
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.B kmem
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or have any privileges to run.
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.I "Do not give this ps any special permissions."
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.PP
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You will need to put in place the appropriate System.map file
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when you install a new kernel in order
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to get meaningful information from the
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.B WCHAN
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field. This should be done every time you compile a new kernel. You should
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also run 'ps' as root once and then any time the tty devices in the "/dev"
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directory change.
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As of procps-1.00, ps/top read System.map directly if it is available. The
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search path for kernel address-to-symbol resolution is:
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.nf
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$PS_SYSTEM_MAP
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/boot/System.map-`uname -r`
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/boot/System.map
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/lib/modules/`uname -r`/System.map
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/etc/psdatabase
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/boot/psdatabase-`uname -r`
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/boot/psdatabase,
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/lib/modules/`uname -r`/psdatabase
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.fi
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.PP
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.SH NOTES
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The member
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.B used_math
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of
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.B task_struct
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is not shown, since
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.B crt0.s
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checks to see if math is present. This causes the math flag to be set
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for all processes, and so it is worthless.
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.PP
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Programs swapped out to disk will be shown without command line
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arguments, and unless the
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.B c
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option is given, in parentheses.
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.PP
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.B %CPU
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shows the cputime/realtime percentage. It will not add up to 100%
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unless you are lucky. It is time used divided by the time the process
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has been running.
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.PP
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The
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.B SIZE
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and
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.B RSS
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fields don't count the page tables and the
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.B task_struct
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of a proc; this is at least 12k of memory that is always resident.
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.B SIZE
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is the virtual size of the proc (code+data+stack).
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.SH AUTHOR
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.B ps
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was originally written by Branko Lankester <lankeste@fwi.uva.nl>. Michael K.
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Johnson <johnsonm@redhat.com> re-wrote it significantly to use the proc
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filesystem, changing a few things in the process. Michael Shields
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<mjshield@nyx.cs.du.edu> added the pid-list feature. Charles
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Blake <cblake@bbn.com> added multi-level sorting, the dirent-style library, the
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device name-to-number mmaped database, the approximate binary search directly
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on System.map, and many code and documentation cleanups. David Mossberger-Tang
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wrote the generic BFD support for psupdate. Michael K. Johnson
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<johnsonm@redhat.com> is the current maintainer.
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Please send bug reports to <acahalan@cs.uml.edu>
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