<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!-- Copyright (c) 1992 , Julianne Frances Haugh Copyright (c) 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 3. The name of the copyright holders or contributors may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 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IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. --> <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [ <!ENTITY PASS_MAX_DAYS SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_DAYS.xml"> <!ENTITY PASS_MIN_DAYS SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MIN_DAYS.xml"> <!ENTITY PASS_WARN_AGE SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_WARN_AGE.xml"> <!ENTITY TCB_AUTH_GROUP SYSTEM "login.defs.d/TCB_AUTH_GROUP.xml"> <!ENTITY TCB_SYMLINKS SYSTEM "login.defs.d/TCB_SYMLINKS.xml"> <!ENTITY USE_TCB SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USE_TCB.xml"> <!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE --> ]> <refentry id='pwck.8'> <!-- $Id$ --> <refentryinfo> <author> <firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname> <surname>Haugh</surname> <contrib>Creation, 1992</contrib> </author> <author> <firstname>Thomas</firstname> <surname>Kłoczko</surname> <email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email> <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib> </author> <author> <firstname>Nicolas</firstname> <surname>François</surname> <email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email> <contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib> </author> </refentryinfo> <refmeta> <refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle> <manvolnum>8</manvolnum> <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo> <refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo> <refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo> </refmeta> <refnamediv id='name'> <refname>pwck</refname> <refpurpose>verify integrity of password files</refpurpose> </refnamediv> <!-- body begins here --> <refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'> <cmdsynopsis> <command>pwck</command> <arg choice='opt'>options</arg> <arg choice='opt'> <arg choice='plain'> <replaceable>passwd</replaceable> </arg> <arg choice='opt'> <arg choice='plain'> <replaceable>shadow</replaceable> </arg> </arg> </arg> </cmdsynopsis> </refsynopsisdiv> <refsect1 id='description'> <title>DESCRIPTION</title> <para> The <command>pwck</command> command verifies the integrity of the users and authentication information. It checks that all entries in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> <phrase condition="tcb">(or the files in <filename>/etc/tcb</filename>, when <option>USE_TCB</option> is enabled)</phrase> have the proper format and contain valid data. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors. </para> <para>Checks are made to verify that each entry has:</para> <itemizedlist mark='bullet'> <listitem> <para>the correct number of fields</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>a unique and valid user name</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>a valid user and group identifier</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>a valid primary group</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para> a valid home directory</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>a valid login shell</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para> <filename>shadow</filename> checks are enabled when a second file parameter is specified or when <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> exists on the system. </para> <para> These checks are the following: </para> <itemizedlist mark='bullet'> <listitem> <para> every passwd entry has a matching shadow entry, and every shadow entry has a matching passwd entry </para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>passwords are specified in the shadowed file</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>shadow entries have the correct number of fields</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>shadow entries are unique in shadow</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>the last password changes are not in the future</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para> The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal. If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated user name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All other errors are warning and the user is encouraged to run the <command>usermod</command> command to correct the error. </para> <para> The commands which operate on the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <command>pwck</command> should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entry. </para> </refsect1> <refsect1 id='options'> <title>OPTIONS</title> <para> The <option>-r</option> and <option>-s</option> options cannot be combined. </para> <para> The options which apply to the <command>pwck</command> command are: </para> <variablelist remap='IP'> <varlistentry> <term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term> <listitem> <para>Display help message and exit.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option></term> <listitem> <para> Report errors only. The warnings which do not require any action from the user won't be displayed. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><option>-r</option>, <option>--read-only</option></term> <listitem> <para> Execute the <command>pwck</command> command in read-only mode. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term> <option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option> <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> </term> <listitem> <para> Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory and use the configuration files from the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><option>-s</option>, <option>--sort</option></term> <listitem> <para> Sort entries in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> by UID. </para> <para condition="tcb"> This option has no effect when <option>USE_TCB</option> is enabled. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> <para> By default, <command>pwck</command> operates on the files <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename><phrase condition="tcb"> (or the files in <filename>/etc/tcb</filename>)</phrase>. The user may select alternate files with the <replaceable>passwd</replaceable> and <replaceable>shadow</replaceable> parameters. </para> <para condition="tcb"> Note that when <option>USE_TCB</option> is enabled, you cannot specify an alternative <replaceable>shadow</replaceable> file. In future releases, this parameter could be replaced by an alternate TCB directory. </para> </refsect1> <refsect1 id='configuration'> <title>CONFIGURATION</title> <para> The following configuration variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of this tool: </para> <variablelist> &PASS_MAX_DAYS; &PASS_MIN_DAYS; &PASS_WARN_AGE; &TCB_AUTH_GROUP; &TCB_SYMLINKS; &USE_TCB; </variablelist> </refsect1> <refsect1 id='files'> <title>FILES</title> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term> <listitem> <para>Group account information.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term> <listitem> <para>User account information.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term> <listitem> <para>Secure user account information.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> </refsect1> <refsect1 id='exit_values'> <title>EXIT VALUES</title> <para> The <command>pwck</command> command exits with the following values: <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term><replaceable>0</replaceable></term> <listitem> <para>success</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><replaceable>1</replaceable></term> <listitem> <para>invalid command syntax</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><replaceable>2</replaceable></term> <listitem> <para>one or more bad password entries</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><replaceable>3</replaceable></term> <listitem> <para>can't open password files</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><replaceable>4</replaceable></term> <listitem> <para>can't lock password files</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><replaceable>5</replaceable></term> <listitem> <para>can't update password files</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><replaceable>6</replaceable></term> <listitem> <para>can't sort password files</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> </para> </refsect1> <refsect1 id='see_also'> <title>SEE ALSO</title> <para> <citerefentry> <refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum> </citerefentry>, <citerefentry> <refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum> </citerefentry>, <citerefentry> <refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum> </citerefentry>, <citerefentry> <refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum> </citerefentry>, <citerefentry> <refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum> </citerefentry>. </para> </refsect1> </refentry>