<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!-- Copyright (c) 2005 - 2008, Nicolas François All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 3. The name of the copyright holders or contributors may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. --> <refentry id='gshadow.5'> <!-- $Id$ --> <refmeta> <refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle> <manvolnum>5</manvolnum> <refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">File Formats and Conversions</refmiscinfo> </refmeta> <refnamediv id='name'> <refname>gshadow</refname> <refpurpose>shadowed group file</refpurpose> </refnamediv> <refsect1 id='description'> <title>DESCRIPTION</title> <para> <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> contains the shadowed information for group accounts. It contains lines with the following colon-separated fields: </para> <itemizedlist mark='bullet'> <listitem> <para>group name</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>encrypted password</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>comma-separated list of group administrators</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>comma-separated list of group members</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para> The group name and password fields must be filled. The encrypted password consists of characters from the 64-character alphabet a thru z, A thru Z, 0 thru 9, \. and /. Refer to <citerefentry> <refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum> </citerefentry> for details on how this string is interpreted. If the password field contains some string that is not valid result of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum> </citerefentry>, for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in, subject to <citerefentry> <refentrytitle>pam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>. </para> <para> This information supersedes any password present in <filename>/etc/group</filename>. </para> <para> This file must not be readable by regular users if password security is to be maintained. </para> </refsect1> <refsect1 id='files'> <title>FILES</title> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term> <listitem> <para>Group account information.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></term> <listitem> <para>Secure group account information.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> </refsect1> <refsect1 id='see_also'> <title>SEE ALSO</title> <para> <citerefentry> <refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum> </citerefentry>, <citerefentry> <refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum> </citerefentry>, <citerefentry> <refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum> </citerefentry>, <citerefentry> <refentrytitle>grpconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum> </citerefentry>, <citerefentry> <refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum> </citerefentry>. </para> </refsect1> </refentry>