vipw 8 System Management Commands vipw vigr edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file vipw options vigr options vipw and vigr will edit the files /etc/passwd and /etc/group, respectively. With the -s flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files, /etc/shadow and /etc/gshadow, respectively. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable $VISUAL, then the environment variable $EDITOR, and finally the default editor, vi 1. The options which apply to the vipw and vigr commands are: -g, --group Edit group database. -h, --help Display help message and exit. -p, --passwd Edit passwd database. -q, --quiet Quiet mode. -s, --shadow Edit shadow or gshadow database. /etc/group Group account information. /etc/gshadow Secure group account information. /etc/passwd User account information. /etc/shadow Secure user account information. vi1 , group5 , gshadow5 passwd5 , shadow5 .