229 lines
8.2 KiB
XML
229 lines
8.2 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!--
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Copyright (c) 1989 - 1990, Julianne Frances Haugh
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Copyright (c) 2007 - 2008, Nicolas François
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All rights reserved.
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Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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are met:
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1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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3. The name of the copyright holders or contributors may not be used to
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endorse or promote products derived from this software without
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specific prior written permission.
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THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
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``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
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PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
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HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
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SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
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OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
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]>
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<refentry id='passwd.5'>
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<!-- $Id$ -->
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<refentryinfo>
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<author>
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<firstname>Julianne Frances</firstname>
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<surname>Haugh</surname>
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<contrib>Creation, 1989</contrib>
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</author>
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<author>
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<firstname>Thomas</firstname>
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<surname>Kłoczko</surname>
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<email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
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<contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
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</author>
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<author>
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<firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
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<surname>François</surname>
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<email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
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<contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
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</author>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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<refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">File Formats and Conversions</refmiscinfo>
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<refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
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<refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv id='name'>
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<refname>passwd</refname>
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<refpurpose>the password file</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsect1 id='description'>
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<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
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<para>
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<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> contains one line for each
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user account, with seven fields delimited by colons
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(<quote>:</quote>).
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These fields are:
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</para>
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<itemizedlist mark='bullet'>
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<listitem>
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<para>login name</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>optional encrypted password</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>numerical user ID</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>numerical group ID</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>user name or comment field</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>user home directory</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>optional user command interpreter</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>
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If the <emphasis>password</emphasis> field is a lower-case
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<quote>x</quote>, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file instead; there
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<emphasis>must</emphasis> be a corresponding line in the
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<filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file, or else the user account is invalid.
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</para>
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<para>
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The encrypted <emphasis>password</emphasis> field may be empty,
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in which case no password is required to authenticate as the
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specified login name. However, some applications which read the
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<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file may decide not to permit
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<emphasis>any</emphasis> access at all if the
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<emphasis>password</emphasis> field is blank.
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</para>
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<para>
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A <emphasis>password</emphasis> field which starts with an
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exclamation mark means that the password is locked. The
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remaining characters on the line represent the
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<emphasis>password</emphasis> field before the password was
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locked.
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</para>
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<para>
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Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details on how
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this string is interpreted.
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</para>
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<para>
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If the password field contains some string that is not a valid
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result of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, for instance ! or *,
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the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in
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(but the user may log in the system by other means).
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</para>
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<para>
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The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by
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various system utilities, such as
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>finger</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The use of an ampersand
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here will be replaced by the capitalised login name when the field
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is used or displayed by such system utilities.
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</para>
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<para>
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The home directory field provides the name of the initial working
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directory. The <command>login</command> program uses this information
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to set the value of the <envar>$HOME</envar> environmental variable.
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</para>
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<para>
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The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command
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language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute.
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The <command>login</command> program uses this information to set the
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value of the <envar>$SHELL</envar> environmental variable. If this
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field is empty, it defaults to the value <filename>/bin/sh</filename>.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='files'>
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<title>FILES</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>User account information.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>optional encrypted password file</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/etc/passwd-</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Backup file for /etc/passwd.</para>
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<para>
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Note that this file is used by the tools of the shadow
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toolsuite, but not by all user and password management tools.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='see_also'>
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<title>SEE ALSO</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>getent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>getpwnam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>pwconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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