shadow/libmisc/failure.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1989 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
 * Copyright (c) 1996 - 1998, Marek Michałkiewicz
 * Copyright (c) 2002 - 2005, Tomasz Kłoczko
 * Copyright (c) 2008 - 2010, Nicolas François
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. The name of the copyright holders or contributors may not be used to
 *    endorse or promote products derived from this software without
 *    specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
 * PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <config.h>

#ident "$Id$"

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "defines.h"
#include "faillog.h"
#include "getdef.h"
#include "failure.h"
#define	YEAR	(365L*DAY)
/*
 * failure - make failure entry
 *
 *	failure() creates a new (struct faillog) entry or updates an
 *	existing one with the current failed login information.
 */
void failure (uid_t uid, const char *tty, struct faillog *fl)
{
	int fd;
	off_t offset_uid = (off_t) (sizeof *fl) * uid;

	/*
	 * Don't do anything if failure logging isn't set up.
	 */

	if (access (FAILLOG_FILE, F_OK) != 0) {
		return;
	}

	fd = open (FAILLOG_FILE, O_RDWR);
	if (fd < 0) {
		SYSLOG ((LOG_WARN,
		         "Can't write faillog entry for UID %lu in %s.",
		         (unsigned long) uid, FAILLOG_FILE));
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * The file is indexed by UID value meaning that shared UID's
	 * share failure log records.  That's OK since they really
	 * share just about everything else ...
	 */

	if (   (lseek (fd, offset_uid, SEEK_SET) != offset_uid)
	    || (read (fd, (char *) fl, sizeof *fl) != (ssize_t) sizeof *fl)) {
		/* This is not necessarily a failure. The file is
		 * initially zero length.
		 *
		 * If lseek() or read() failed for any other reason, this
		 * might reset the counter. But the new failure will be
		 * logged.
		 */
		memzero (fl, sizeof *fl);
	}

	/*
	 * Update the record.  We increment the failure count to log the
	 * latest failure.  The only concern here is overflow, and we'll
	 * check for that.  The line name and time of day are both
	 * updated as well.
	 */

	if (fl->fail_cnt + 1 > 0) {
		fl->fail_cnt++;
	}

	strncpy (fl->fail_line, tty, sizeof (fl->fail_line) - 1);
	(void) time (&fl->fail_time);

	/*
	 * Seek back to the correct position in the file and write the
	 * record out.  Ideally we should lock the file in case the same
	 * account is being logged simultaneously.  But the risk doesn't
	 * seem that great.
	 */

	if (   (lseek (fd, offset_uid, SEEK_SET) != offset_uid)
	    || (write (fd, (char *) fl, sizeof *fl) != (ssize_t) sizeof *fl)
	    || (close (fd) != 0)) {
		SYSLOG ((LOG_WARN,
		         "Can't write faillog entry for UID %lu in %s.",
		         (unsigned long) uid, FAILLOG_FILE));
		(void) close (fd);
	}
}

static bool too_many_failures (const struct faillog *fl)
{
	time_t now;

	if ((0 == fl->fail_max) || (fl->fail_cnt < fl->fail_max)) {
		return false;
	}

	if (0 == fl->fail_locktime) {
		return true;	/* locked until reset manually */
	}

	(void) time (&now);
	if ((fl->fail_time + fl->fail_locktime) < now) {
		return false;	/* enough time since last failure */
	}

	return true;
}

/*
 * failcheck - check for failures > allowable
 *
 *	failcheck() is called AFTER the password has been validated.  If the
 *	account has been "attacked" with too many login failures, failcheck()
 *	returns 0 to indicate that the login should be denied even though
 *	the password is valid.
 *
 *	failed indicates if the login failed AFTER the password has been
 *	       validated.
 */

int failcheck (uid_t uid, struct faillog *fl, bool failed)
{
	int fd;
	struct faillog fail;
	off_t offset_uid = (off_t) (sizeof *fl) * uid;

	/*
	 * Suppress the check if the log file isn't there.
	 */

	if (access (FAILLOG_FILE, F_OK) != 0) {
		return 1;
	}

	fd = open (FAILLOG_FILE, failed?O_RDONLY:O_RDWR);
	if (fd < 0) {
		SYSLOG ((LOG_WARN,
		         "Can't open the faillog file (%s) to check UID %lu. "
		         "User access authorized.",
		         FAILLOG_FILE, (unsigned long) uid));
		return 1;
	}

	/*
	 * Get the record from the file and determine if the user has
	 * exceeded the failure limit.  If "max" is zero, any number
	 * of failures are permitted.  Only when "max" is non-zero and
	 * "cnt" is greater than or equal to "max" is the account
	 * considered to be locked.
	 *
	 * If read fails, there is no record for this user yet (the
	 * file is initially zero length and extended by writes), so
	 * no need to reset the count.
	 */

	if (   (lseek (fd, offset_uid, SEEK_SET) != offset_uid)
	    || (read (fd, (char *) fl, sizeof *fl) != (ssize_t) sizeof *fl)) {
		(void) close (fd);
		return 1;
	}

	if (too_many_failures (fl)) {
		(void) close (fd);
		return 0;
	}

	/*
	 * The record is updated if this is not a failure.  The count will
	 * be reset to zero, but the rest of the information will be left
	 * in the record in case someone wants to see where the failed
	 * login originated.
	 */

	if (!failed) {
		fail = *fl;
		fail.fail_cnt = 0;

		if (   (lseek (fd, offset_uid, SEEK_SET) != offset_uid)
		    || (write (fd, (const void *) &fail, sizeof fail) != (ssize_t) sizeof fail)
		    || (close (fd) != 0)) {
			SYSLOG ((LOG_WARN,
			         "Can't reset faillog entry for UID %lu in %s.",
			         (unsigned long) uid, FAILLOG_FILE));
			(void) close (fd);
		}
	} else {
		(void) close (fd);
	}

	return 1;
}

/*
 * failprint - print line of failure information
 *
 *	failprint takes a (struct faillog) entry and formats it into a
 *	message which is displayed at login time.
 */

void failprint (const struct faillog *fail)
{
	struct tm *tp;

#if HAVE_STRFTIME
	char lasttimeb[256];
	char *lasttime = lasttimeb;
#else
	char *lasttime;
#endif
	time_t NOW;

	if (0 == fail->fail_cnt) {
		return;
	}

	tp = localtime (&(fail->fail_time));
	(void) time (&NOW);

#if HAVE_STRFTIME
	/*
	 * Print all information we have.
	 */
	(void) strftime (lasttimeb, sizeof lasttimeb, "%c", tp);
#else

	/*
	 * Do the same thing, but don't use strftime since it
	 * probably doesn't exist on this system
	 */
	lasttime = asctime (tp);
	lasttime[24] = '\0';

	if ((NOW - fail->fail_time) < YEAR) {
		lasttime[19] = '\0';
	}
	if ((NOW - fail->fail_time) < DAY) {
		lasttime = lasttime + 11;
	}

	if (' ' == *lasttime) {
		lasttime++;
	}
#endif
	/*@-formatconst@*/
	(void) printf (ngettext ("%d failure since last login.\n"
	                         "Last was %s on %s.\n",
	                         "%d failures since last login.\n"
	                         "Last was %s on %s.\n",
	                         (unsigned long) fail->fail_cnt),
	               fail->fail_cnt, lasttime, fail->fail_line);
	/*@=formatconst@*/
}

/*
 * failtmp - update the cumulative failure log
 *
 *	failtmp updates the (struct utmp) formatted failure log which
 *	maintains a record of all login failures.
 */

void failtmp (const char *username,
#ifdef USE_UTMPX
		     const struct utmpx *failent
#else				/* !USE_UTMPX */
		     const struct utmp *failent
#endif				/* !USE_UTMPX */
    )
{
	const char *ftmp;
	int fd;

	/*
	 * Get the name of the failure file.  If no file has been defined
	 * in login.defs, don't do this.
	 */

	ftmp = getdef_str ("FTMP_FILE");
	if (NULL == ftmp) {
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * Open the file for append.  It must already exist for this
	 * feature to be used.
	 */

	if (access (ftmp, F_OK) != 0) {
		return;
	}

	fd = open (ftmp, O_WRONLY | O_APPEND);
	if (-1 == fd) {
		SYSLOG ((LOG_WARN,
		         "Can't append failure of user %s to %s.",
		         username, ftmp));
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * Append the new failure record and close the log file.
	 */

	if (   (write (fd, (const void *) failent, sizeof *failent) != (ssize_t) sizeof *failent)
	    || (close (fd) != 0)) {
		SYSLOG ((LOG_WARN,
		         "Can't append failure of user %s to %s.",
		         username, ftmp));
		(void) close (fd);
	}
}