229 lines
8.3 KiB
XML
229 lines
8.3 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd">
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<refentry id='login.1'>
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<!-- $Id: login.1.xml,v 1.9 2005/06/15 12:39:27 kloczek Exp $ -->
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>LOGIN</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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<refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">User Commands</refmiscinfo>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv id='name'>
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<refname>login</refname>
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<refpurpose>begin session on the system</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<!-- body begins here -->
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<refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>login</command>
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<arg choice='opt'>-p </arg>
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<arg choice='opt'>
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<replaceable>username</replaceable></arg>
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<arg choice='opt' rep='repeat'> <replaceable>ENV=VAR</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>login</command>
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<arg choice='opt'>-p </arg>
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<arg choice='opt'>-h <replaceable>host</replaceable></arg>
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<arg choice='opt'>-f <replaceable>username</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>login</command>
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<arg choice='opt'>-p </arg>
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<arg choice='plain'>-r <replaceable>host</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1 id='description'>
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<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
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<para><command>login</command> is used to establish a new session with the
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system. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the
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<emphasis remap='I'>login:</emphasis> prompt on the user´s
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terminal. <command>login</command> may be special to the shell and may
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not be invoked as a sub-process. Typically, <command>login</command>
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is treated by the shell as <emphasis remap='B'>exec login</emphasis>
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which causes the user to exit from the current shell. Attempting to
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execute <command>login</command> from any shell but the login shell
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will produce an error message.
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</para>
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<para>The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate.
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Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a small
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number of password failures are permitted before
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<command>login</command> exits and the communications link is severed.
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</para>
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<para>If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be
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prompted for a new password before proceeding. You will be forced to
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provide your old password and the new password before continuing.
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Please refer to <citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry> for more information.
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</para>
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<para>After a successful login, you will be informed of any system
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messages and the presence of mail. You may turn off the printing of
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the system message file, <filename>/etc/motd</filename>, by creating a
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zero-length file <markup>.hushlogin</markup> in your login directory.
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The mail message will be one of "<emphasis remap='B'>You have new
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mail.</emphasis> ", "<emphasis remap='B'>You have mail.</emphasis>",
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or "<emphasis remap='B'>No Mail.</emphasis> "according to the
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condition of your mailbox.
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</para>
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<para>Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in
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the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file. The value for <emphasis
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remap='B'>$HOME</emphasis>, <emphasis remap='B'>$SHELL</emphasis>,
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<emphasis remap='B'>$PATH</emphasis>, <emphasis remap='B'>$LOGNAME</emphasis>,
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and <emphasis remap='B'>$MAIL</emphasis> are set according to the
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appropriate fields in the password entry. Ulimit, umask and nice
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values may also be set according to entries in the GECOS field.
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</para>
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<para>On some installations, the environmental variable <emphasis
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remap='B'>$TERM</emphasis> will be initialized to the terminal type on
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your tty line, as specified in <filename>/etc/ttytype</filename>.
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</para>
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<para>An initialization script for your command interpreter may also be
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executed. Please see the appropriate manual section for more
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information on
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this function.
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</para>
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<para>A subsystem login is indicated by the presence of a "*" as the
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first character of the login shell. The given home directory will be
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used as the root of a new file system which the user is actually
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logged into.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='options'>
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<title>OPTIONS</title>
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<variablelist remap='IP'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-f</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Do not perform authentication, user is preauthenticated.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-h</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Name of the remote host for this login.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-p</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Preserve environment.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-r</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Perform autologin protocol for rlogin.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>The <option>-r</option>, <option>-h</option> and
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<option>-f</option> options are only used when
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<command>login</command> is invoked by root.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='caveats'>
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<title>CAVEATS</title>
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<para>
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This version of <command>login</command> has many compilation options,
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only some of which may be in use at any particular site.
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</para>
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<para>The location of files is subject to differences in system
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configuration.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='files'>
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<title>FILES</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/var/run/utmp</filename></term>
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<listitem>list of current login sessions</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename></term>
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<listitem>list of previous login sessions</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/etc/passwd</filename></term>
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<listitem>user account information</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/etc/shadow</filename></term>
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<listitem>secure user account information</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/etc/motd</filename></term>
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<listitem>system message of the day file</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/etc/nologin</filename></term>
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<listitem>prevent non-root users from logging in</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/etc/ttytype</filename></term>
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<listitem>list of terminal types</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>$HOME/.hushlogin</filename></term>
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<listitem>suppress printing of system messages</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='see_also'>
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<title>SEE ALSO</title>
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<para><citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>mail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>nologin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='author'>
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<title>AUTHOR</title>
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<para>Julianne Frances Haugh <jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com></para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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