6448da507e
- Add tips in error message. - Add tips in man. - Add zh_CN and zh_TW for tips. Signed-off-by: Celeste Liu <coelacanthus@outlook.com>
259 lines
8.9 KiB
XML
259 lines
8.9 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!--
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SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 1996 - 1998, Marek Michałkiewicz
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SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2000 - 2006, Tomasz Kłoczko
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SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2007 - 2011, Nicolas François
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SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
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-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYSTEM "login.defs.d/MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP.xml">
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<!ENTITY PASS_MAX_DAYS SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MAX_DAYS.xml">
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<!ENTITY PASS_MIN_DAYS SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_MIN_DAYS.xml">
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<!ENTITY PASS_WARN_AGE SYSTEM "login.defs.d/PASS_WARN_AGE.xml">
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<!ENTITY USE_TCB SYSTEM "login.defs.d/USE_TCB.xml">
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<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
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]>
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<refentry id='pwconv.8'>
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<!-- $Id$ -->
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<refentryinfo>
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<author>
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<firstname>Marek</firstname>
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<surname>Michałkiewicz</surname>
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<contrib>Creation, 1996</contrib>
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</author>
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<author>
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<firstname>Thomas</firstname>
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<surname>Kłoczko</surname>
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<email>kloczek@pld.org.pl</email>
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<contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2000 - 2007</contrib>
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</author>
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<author>
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<firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
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<surname>François</surname>
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<email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
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<contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
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</author>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>pwconv</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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<refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">System Management Commands</refmiscinfo>
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<refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
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<refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv id='name'>
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<refname>pwconv</refname>
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<refname>pwunconv</refname>
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<refname>grpconv</refname>
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<refname>grpunconv</refname>
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<refpurpose>convert to and from shadow passwords and groups</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv id='synopsis'>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>pwconv</command>
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<arg choice='opt'>
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<replaceable>options</replaceable>
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</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>pwunconv</command>
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<arg choice='opt'>
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<replaceable>options</replaceable>
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</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>grpconv</command>
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<arg choice='opt'>
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<replaceable>options</replaceable>
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</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>grpunconv</command>
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<arg choice='opt'>
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<replaceable>options</replaceable>
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</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1 id='description'>
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<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
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<para>
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The <command>pwconv</command> command creates <emphasis
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remap='I'>shadow</emphasis> from <emphasis remap='I'>passwd</emphasis>
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and an optionally existing <emphasis remap='I'>shadow</emphasis>.
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</para>
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<para condition="tcb">
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<command>pwconv</command> does not work with
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<option>USE_TCB</option> enabled. To convert to tcb passwords, you
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should first use <command>pwconv</command> to convert to shadowed
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passwords by disabling <option>USE_TCB</option> in
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<filename>login.defs</filename> and then convert to tcb password
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using <command>tcb_convert</command> (and re-enable
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<option>USE_TCB</option> in <filename>login.defs</filename>.)
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</para>
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<para>
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The <command>pwunconv</command> command creates <emphasis
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remap='I'>passwd</emphasis> from <emphasis remap='I'>passwd</emphasis>
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and <emphasis remap='I'>shadow</emphasis> and then removes <emphasis
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remap='I'>shadow</emphasis>.
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</para>
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<para condition="tcb">
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<command>pwunconv</command> does not work with
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<option>USE_TCB</option> enabled. You should first switch back from
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tcb to shadowed passwords using <command>tcb_unconvert</command>,
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and then disable <option>USE_TCB</option> in
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<filename>login.defs</filename> before using
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<command>pwunconv</command>.
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</para>
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<para>
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The <command>grpconv</command> command creates <emphasis
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remap='I'>gshadow</emphasis> from <emphasis remap='I'>group</emphasis>
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and an optionally existing <emphasis remap='I'>gshadow</emphasis>.
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</para>
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<para>
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The <command>grpunconv</command> command creates <emphasis
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remap='I'>group</emphasis> from <emphasis remap='I'>group</emphasis>
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and <emphasis remap='I'>gshadow</emphasis> and then removes <emphasis
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remap='I'>gshadow</emphasis>.
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</para>
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<para>
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These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and
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group files: <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>,
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<filename>/etc/group</filename>, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>, and
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<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>.
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</para>
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<para>
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Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion.
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<command>pwconv</command> and <command>grpconv</command> are similar.
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First, entries in the shadowed file which don't exist in the main file
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are removed. Then, shadowed entries which don't have `x' as the
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password in the main file are updated. Any missing shadowed entries
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are added. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with `x'.
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These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update
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the shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand.
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</para>
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<para>
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<command>pwconv</command> will use the values of <emphasis
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remap='I'>PASS_MIN_DAYS</emphasis>, <emphasis
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remap='I'>PASS_MAX_DAYS</emphasis>, and <emphasis
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remap='I'>PASS_WARN_AGE</emphasis> from
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<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> when adding new entries to
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<filename>/etc/shadow</filename>.
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</para>
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<para>
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Likewise <command>pwunconv</command> and <command>grpunconv</command>
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are similar. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed
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file. Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed
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file are left alone. Finally, the shadowed file is removed. Some
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password aging information is lost by <command>pwunconv</command>. It
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will convert what it can.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='options'>
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<title>OPTIONS</title>
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<para>
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The options which apply to the <command>pwconv</command>,
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<command>pwunconv</command>, <command>grpconv</command>, and
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<command>grpunconv</command> commands are:
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</para>
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<variablelist remap='IP'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Display help message and exit.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>-R</option>, <option>--root</option> <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Apply changes in the <replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable>
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directory and use the configuration files from the
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<replaceable>CHROOT_DIR</replaceable> directory.
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Only absolute paths are supported.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='bugs'>
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<title>BUGS</title>
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<para>
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Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate
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entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other
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strange ways. Please run <command>pwck</command> and
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<command>grpck</command> to correct any such errors before converting
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to or from shadow passwords or groups.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='configuration'>
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<title>CONFIGURATION</title>
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<para>
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The following configuration variable in
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<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> changes the behavior of
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<command>grpconv</command> and <command>grpunconv</command>:
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</para>
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<variablelist>
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&MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP;
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</variablelist>
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<para>
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The following configuration variables in
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<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> change the behavior of
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<command>pwconv</command>:
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</para>
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<variablelist>
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&PASS_MAX_DAYS;
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&PASS_MIN_DAYS;
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&PASS_WARN_AGE;
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&USE_TCB;
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='files'>
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<title>FILES</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/etc/login.defs</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Shadow password suite configuration.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id='see_also'>
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<title>SEE ALSO</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry><phrase condition="tcb">,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>tcb_convert</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>tcb_unconvert</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry></phrase>.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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