Although it is a good idea to check for an inadvertent typo
in the shell name it is possible that the shell might not be present
on the system yet when the user is added.
This option can be used to set a separate mode for useradd(8) and
newusers(8) to create the home directories with.
If this option is not set, the current behavior of using UMASK
or the default umask is preserved.
There are many distributions that set UMASK to 077 by default just
to create home directories not readable by others and use things like
/etc/profile, bashrc or sudo configuration files to set a less
restrictive
umask. This has always resulted in bug reports because it is hard
to follow as users tend to change files like bashrc and are not about
setting the umask to counteract the umask set in /etc/login.defs.
A recent change in sudo has also resulted in many bug reports about
this. sudo now tries to respect the umask set by pam modules and on
systems where pam does not set a umask, the login.defs UMASK value is
used.
This commit adds a from= field to the end of the useradd log entry.
Casting user_name to tallylog_reset to silence a compiler warning.
Changelog: Fixing tabs
Changelog: Changing function prototype to const char* to match user_name declaration.
This option can be used to set a separate mode for useradd(8) and
newusers(8) to create the home directories with.
If this option is not set, the current behavior of using UMASK
or the default umask is preserved.
There are many distributions that set UMASK to 077 by default just
to create home directories not readable by others and use things like
/etc/profile, bashrc or sudo configuration files to set a less
restrictive
umask. This has always resulted in bug reports because it is hard
to follow as users tend to change files like bashrc and are not about
setting the umask to counteract the umask set in /etc/login.defs.
A recent change in sudo has also resulted in many bug reports about
this. sudo now tries to respect the umask set by pam modules and on
systems where pam does not set a umask, the login.defs UMASK value is
used.
If SSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND is set, it will be added to the syslog entry.
Closes#123.
Changelog: (SEH squashed commit): Fixing indentation
Changelog: (SEH) break up long line
`make` runs each line in a shell and bails out on error,
however, the shell is not started with `-e`, so commands in
`for` loops can fail without the error actually causing
`make` to bail out with a failure status.
For instance, the following make snippet will end
successfully, printing 'SUCCESS', despite the first `chmod`
failing:
all:
touch a b
for i in a-missing-file a b; do \
chmod 666 $$i; \
done
@echo SUCCESS
To prevent wrong paths in install scripts from remaining
unnoticed, let's activate `set -e` in the `for` loop
subshells.
Signed-off-by: Wolfgang Bumiller <w.bumiller@proxmox.com>
This reverts commit e293aa9cfc.
See https://github.com/shadow-maint/shadow/issues/196
Some distros still care about `/bin` vs `/usr/bin`. This commit makes
it so all binaries are always installed to `/bin`/`/sbin`. The only way to
restore the previous behaviour of installing some binaries to
`/usr/bin`/`/usr/sbin` is to revert the patch.
Closes#185
If vipw is suspended (e.g. via control-Z) and then resumed, it often gets
immediately suspended. This is easier to reproduce on a multi-core system.
root@buster:~# /usr/sbin/vipw
[1]+ Stopped /usr/sbin/vipw
root@buster:~# fg
/usr/sbin/vipw
[1]+ Stopped /usr/sbin/vipw
root@buster:~# fg
[vipw resumes on the second fg]
The problem is that vipw forks a child process and calls waitpid() with the
WUNTRACED flag. When the child process (running the editor) is suspended, the
parent sends itself SIGSTOP to suspend the main vipw process. However, because
the main vipw is in the same process group as the editor which received the ^Z,
the kernel already sent the main vipw SIGTSTP.
If the main vipw receives SIGTSTP before the child, it will be suspended and
then, once resumed, will proceed to suspend itself again.
To fix this, run the child process in its own process group as the foreground
process group. That way, control-Z will only affect the child process and the
parent can use the existing logic to suspend the parent.
Using hard-coded access vector ids is deprecated and can lead to issues with custom SELinux policies.
Switch to `selinux_check_access()`.
Also use the libselinux log callback and log if available to audit.
This makes it easier for users to catch SELinux denials.
Drop legacy shortcut logic for passwd, which avoided a SELinux check if uid 0 changes a password of a user which username equals the current SELinux user identifier.
Nowadays usernames rarely match SELinux user identifiers and the benefit of skipping a SELinux check is negligible.
Signed-off-by: Christian Göttsche <cgzones@googlemail.com>
With this, it is possible for Linux distributors to store their
supplied default configuration files somewhere below /usr, while
/etc only contains the changes made by the user. The new option
--enable-vendordir defines where the shadow suite should additional
look for login.defs if this file is not in /etc.
libeconf is a key/value configuration file reading library, which
handles the split of configuration files in different locations
and merges them transparently for the application.
suidubins should be suidusbins, since these binaries are installed
${prefix}/sbin. This historically hasn't broken the build because
chmod of newgidmap/newuidmap succeeds, causing make to think the command
succeeded. Configuring shadow with --with-fcaps removes these final two
entries and exposes the chmod failure to make.
new switch added to useradd command, --btrfs-subvolume-home. When
specified *and* the filesystem is detected as btrfs, it will create a
subvolume for user's home instead of a plain directory. This is done via
`btrfs subvolume` command. Specifying the new switch while trying to
create home on non-btrfs will result in an error.
userdel -r will handle and remove this subvolume transparently via
`btrfs subvolume` command. Previosuly this failed as you can't rmdir a
subvolume.
usermod, when moving user's home across devices, will detect if the home
is a subvolume and issue an error messages instead of copying it. Moving
user's home (as subvolume) on same btrfs works transparently.
From <https://github.com/shadow-maint/shadow/pull/71>:
```
The third field in the /etc/shadow file (sp_lstchg) contains the date of
the last password change expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970.
As this is a relative time, creating a user today will result in:
username:17238:0:99999:7:::
whilst creating the same user tomorrow will result in:
username:17239:0:99999:7:::
This has an impact for the Reproducible Builds[0] project where we aim to
be independent of as many elements the build environment as possible,
including the current date.
This patch changes the behaviour to use the SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH[1]
environment variable (instead of Jan 1, 1970) if valid.
```
This updated PR adds some missing calls to gettime (). This was originally
filed by Johannes Schauer in Debian as #917773 [2].
[0] https://reproducible-builds.org/
[1] https://reproducible-builds.org/specs/source-date-epoch/
[2] https://bugs.debian.org/917773
In case the home directory is not a real home directory
(owned by the user) but things like / or /var or similar,
it is unsafe to change ownership of home directory content.
The test checks whether the home directory is owned by the
user him/herself, if not no ownership modification of contents
is performed.
As the large uids are usually provided by remote user identity and
authentication service, which also provide user login tracking,
there is no need to create a huge sparse file for them on every local
machine.
fixup! login.defs: Add LASTLOG_UID_MAX variable to limit lastlog to small uids.
do not install newuidmap/newgidmap as suid binaries. Running these
tools with the same euid as the owner of the user namespace to
configure requires only CAP_SETUID and CAP_SETGID instead of requiring
CAP_SYS_ADMIN when it is installed as a suid binary.
Signed-off-by: Giuseppe Scrivano <gscrivan@redhat.com>
if the euid!=owner of the userns, the kernel returns EPERM when trying
to write the uidmap and there is no CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the parent
namespace.
Signed-off-by: Giuseppe Scrivano <gscrivan@redhat.com>
Some distributions, notably Fedora, have the following order of nsswitch
modules by default:
passwd: sss files
group: sss files
The advantage of serving local users through SSSD is that the nss_sss
module has a fast mmapped-cache that speeds up NSS lookups compared to
accessing the disk an opening the files on each NSS request.
Traditionally, this has been done with the help of nscd, but using nscd
in parallel with sssd is cumbersome, as both SSSD and nscd use their own
independent caching, so using nscd in setups where sssd is also serving
users from some remote domain (LDAP, AD, ...) can result in a bit of
unpredictability.
More details about why Fedora chose to use sss before files can be found
on e.g.:
https://fedoraproject.org//wiki/Changes/SSSDCacheForLocalUsers
or:
https://docs.pagure.org/SSSD.sssd/design_pages/files_provider.html
Now, even though sssd watches the passwd and group files with the help
of inotify, there can still be a small window where someone requests a
user or a group, finds that it doesn't exist, adds the entry and checks
again. Without some support in shadow-utils that would explicitly drop
the sssd caches, the inotify watch can fire a little late, so a
combination of commands like this:
getent passwd user || useradd user; getent passwd user
can result in the second getent passwd not finding the newly added user
as the racy behaviour might still return the cached negative hit from
the first getent passwd.
This patch more or less copies the already existing support that
shadow-utils had for dropping nscd caches, except using the "sss_cache"
tool that sssd ships.
Sometimes getlogin() may fail, e.g., in a chroot() environment or due to NSS
misconfiguration. Loggin UID allows for investigation and troubleshooting in
such situation.
When "su -l" is used the behaviour is described as similar to
a direct login. However login.c is doing a setup_env(pw) and then a
pam_getenvlist() in this scenario. But su.c is doing it the other
way around. Which means that the value of PATH from /etc/environment
is overriden. I think this is a bug because:
The man-page claims that "-l": "provides an environment similar
to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly."
And login.c is using the PATH from /etc/environment.
This will fix:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/shadow/+bug/984390
This allows shadow-utils to build on systems like Adélie, which have no
<utmp.h> header or `struct utmp`. We use a <utmpx.h>-based daemon,
utmps[1], which uses `struct utmpx` only.
Tested both `login` and `logoutd` with utmps and both work correctly.
[1]: http://skarnet.org/software/utmps/
Equivalent of `mkdir -p`. It will create all parent directories.
Example: `useradd -d /home2/testu1 -m testu1`
Based on https://github.com/shadow-maint/shadow/pull/2 by Thorsten Kukuk
and Thorsten Behrens which was Code from pwdutils 3.2.2 with slight adaptations.
Adapted to so it applies to current code.
Otherwise our spw_next() will cause us to skip an entry.
Ideally we'd be able to do an swp_rewind(1), but I don't
see a helper for this.
Closes#60
Signed-off-by: Serge Hallyn <shallyn@cisco.com>
This is necessary to match the kernel-side policy of "self-mapping in a
user namespace is fine, but you cannot drop groups" -- a policy that was
created in order to stop user namespaces from allowing trivial privilege
escalation by dropping supplementary groups that were "blacklisted" from
certain paths.
This is the simplest fix for the underlying issue, and effectively makes
it so that unless a user has a valid mapping set in /etc/subgid (which
only administrators can modify) -- and they are currently trying to use
that mapping -- then /proc/$pid/setgroups will be set to deny. This
workaround is only partial, because ideally it should be possible to set
an "allow_setgroups" or "deny_setgroups" flag in /etc/subgid to allow
administrators to further restrict newgidmap(1).
We also don't write anything in the "allow" case because "allow" is the
default, and users may have already written "deny" even if they
technically are allowed to use setgroups. And we don't write anything if
the setgroups policy is already "deny".
Ref: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/shadow/+bug/1729357
Fixes: CVE-2018-7169
Reported-by: Craig Furman <craig.furman89@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <asarai@suse.de>
In case a system uses remote identity server (LDAP) the group lookup
can be very slow. We avoid it when we already know the user has the
group membership.
Do not reset the pid_child to 0 if the child process is still
running. This else-condition can be reached with pid being -1,
therefore explicitly test this condition.
This is a regression fix for CVE-2017-2616. If su receives a
signal like SIGTERM, it is not propagated to the child.
Reported-by: Radu Duta <raduduta@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Tobias Stoeckmann <tobias@stoeckmann.org>
The third field in the /etc/shadow file (sp_lstchg) contains the date of
the last password change expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970.
As this is a relative time, creating a user today will result in:
username:17238:0:99999:7:::
whilst creating the same user tomorrow will result in:
username:17239:0:99999:7:::
This has an impact for the Reproducible Builds[0] project where we aim to
be independent of as many elements the build environment as possible,
including the current date.
This patch changes the behaviour to use the SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH[1]
environment variable (instead of Jan 1, 1970) if valid.
[0] https://reproducible-builds.org/
[1] https://reproducible-builds.org/specs/source-date-epoch/
Signed-off-by: Chris Lamb <lamby@debian.org>
If su is compiled with PAM support, it is possible for any local user
to send SIGKILL to other processes with root privileges. There are
only two conditions. First, the user must be able to perform su with
a successful login. This does NOT have to be the root user, even using
su with the same id is enough, e.g. "su $(whoami)". Second, SIGKILL
can only be sent to processes which were executed after the su process.
It is not possible to send SIGKILL to processes which were already
running. I consider this as a security vulnerability, because I was
able to write a proof of concept which unlocked a screen saver of
another user this way.
This reverts the behavior of "useradd --root" to using the settings
from login.defs in the target root directory, not the root of the
executed useradd command.
The useradd application resets the user data in /var/log/faillog, if it
exists and a new user is created.
pam_tally2 is used in many distributions.
Check for /var/log/tallylog and reset the user there.
Patch was written by Josef Moellers <jmoellers@suse.de>.
https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=980486
These assignments were pasted as is into the Makefile and
ended up as part of a rule. (Usually the .PRECIOUS rule
which is why the build system never attempted to execute it
as commands, hiding the problem.)
Signed-off-by: Wolfgang Bumiller <wry.git@bumiller.com>
Reported-by: Rahel A <ra00177@surrey.ac.uk>
Some of the supplied tools use functions which are not signal-safe.
Most of the times it's exit() vs. _exit().
In other times it's how the standard output or standard error is
handled. FILE-related functions shall be avoided, therefore I replaced
them with write().
Also there is no need to call closelog(). At worst, it allows to
trigger a deadlock by issuing different signal types at bad timings.
But as these fixes are about race conditions, expect bad timings in
general for these bugs to be triggered. :)
Catch up with Automake's [1], which was part of v1.6b, cut 2002-07-28
[2]. Avoids:
$ autoreconf -v -f --install
...
libmisc/Makefile.am:4: warning: 'INCLUDES' is the old name for 'AM_CPPFLAGS' (or '*_CPPFLAGS')
...
src/Makefile.am:10: warning: 'INCLUDES' is the old name for 'AM_CPPFLAGS' (or '*_CPPFLAGS')
...
Consolidating with the earlier AM_CPPFLAGS avoids:
$ autoreconf -v -f --install
src/Makefile.am:72: warning: AM_CPPFLAGS multiply defined in condition TRUE ...
src/Makefile.am:10: ... 'AM_CPPFLAGS' previously defined here
autoreconf-2.69: Leaving directory `.'
[1]: http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/automake.git/commit/?id=1415d22f6203206bc393fc4ea233123ba579222d
Summary: automake.in (generate_makefile): Suggest using AM_CPPFLAGS instead of INCLUDES
Date: 2002-07-09
[2]: http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/automake.git/tag/?id=Release-1-6b
This functionality is useful because there is now a feature
of Linux-PAM's pam_lastlog module to block expired users (users
which did not login recently enough) from login. This commit
complements it so the sysadmin is able to unblock such expired user.
Signed-off-by: Tomáš Mráz <tmraz@fedoraproject.org>
We intend to not create subuids for system users. However we are
checking for command line flags after we check whether -r flag
was set, so it was never found to be true. Fix that.
Signed-off-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>
- Use an allocation of 65536 uids and gids to allow for POSIX-compliant
user owned namespaces.
- Don't allocate a uid/gid map to system users.
Unfortunately checking for --system isn't quite enough as some
distribution wrappers always call useradd without --system and take care
of choosing a uid and gid themselves, so also check whether the
requested uid/gid is in the user range.
This is taken from a patch I wrote for Ubuntu a couple years ago and
which somehow didn't make it upstream.
Signed-off-by: Stéphane Graber <stgraber@ubuntu.com>
The current implementation of subuid/subgid support in usermod requires the
user to be a local user present in /etc/passwd. There doesn't seem to be a
good reason for this; subuids should work equally well for users whose
records are in other NSS databases.
Bug-Ubuntu: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1475749
Author: Steve Langasek <steve.langasek@ubuntu.com>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>
This is helpful when using configuration management tools such as
Puppet, where you are managing the groups in a central location and you
don't need this safeguard.
Signed-off-by: "Jesse W. Hathaway" <jesse@mbuki-mvuki.org>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>
Currently the error is just:
newuidmap: Target [pid] is owned by a different user
With this patch it will be like:
newuidmap: Target [pid] is owned by a different user: uid:0 pw_uid:0 st_uid:0, gid:0 pw_gid:0 st_gid:99
Why is this useful? Well, in my case...
The grsecurity kernel-hardening patch includes an option to make parts
of /proc unreadable, such as /proc/pid/ dirs for processes not owned by
the current uid. This comes with an option to make /proc/pid/
directories readable by a specific gid; sysadmins and the like are then
put into that group so they can see a full 'ps'.
This means that the check in new[ug]idmap fails, as in the above quoted
error - /proc/[targetpid] is owned by root, but the group is 99 so that
users in group 99 can see the process.
Some Googling finds dozens of people hitting this problem, but not
*knowing* that they have hit this problem, because the errors and
circumstances are non-obvious.
Some graceful way of handling this and not failing, will be next ;) But
in the meantime it'd be nice to have new[ug]idmap emit a more useful
error, so that it's easier to troubleshoot.
Thanks!
Signed-off-by: Hank Leininger <hlein@korelogic.com>
Signed-off-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>
passwd, shadow, group, gshadow etc. can be managed via nss -
e.g. system default accounts can be specified using nss_altfiles,
rather than in /etc/. Thus despite having default accounts, these
files can be missing on disk and thus should be opened with O_CREATE
whenever they are attempted to be opened in O_RDWR modes.
Prevent chmod failure message from displaying if the failure
was due to the backup file not existing.
If there is no backup file present and if no changes have been
made, then this error would always appear since the backup
file isn't created in this situation.
Signed-off-by: Duncan Eastoe <deastoe@Brocade.com>
Signed-off-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>
Currently shadow fails to build from source and is flagged as
out-of-date. This is due to a usage of PATH_MAX, which is not defined
on GNU/Hurd. The attached patch solves this problem by allocating a
fixed number of 32 bytes for the string proc_dir_name in files
src/procuidmap.c and src/procgidmap.c. (In fact only 18 bytes are
needed)
Signed-off-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com>
* src/su.c: Terminate the child (if needed) before closing the PAM
session. This is probably more correct, and avoid reporting
termination from signals possibly sent by PAM modules (e.g. former
versions of pam_systemd). Debian#670132
* src/su.c: When a SIGTSTP is caught, reset caught to 0. There is
no need to kill the child in such case after su is resumed. This
remove the "Session terminated, terminating shell...
...terminated." messages in such case.
* src/useradd.c: Change message in case of find_new_sub_uids /
find_new_sub_gids failure. This complements the messages already
provided by these APIs.
* configure.in: Add configure options --enable-subordinate-ids /
--disable-subordinate-ids. Enabled by default.
* lib/prototypes.h: Include <config.h> before using its macros.
* lib/commonio.h, lib/commonio.c: Define commonio_append only when
ENABLE_SUBIDS is defined.
* lib/prototypes.h, libmisc/find_new_sub_gids.c,
libmisc/find_new_sub_uids.c: Likewise.
* lib/subordinateio.h, lib/subordinateio.c: Likewise.
* libmisc/user_busy.c: Only check if subordinate IDs are in use if
ENABLE_SUBIDS is defined.
* src/Makefile.am: Create newgidmap and newuidmap only if
ENABLE_SUBIDS is defined.
* src/newusers.c: Check for ENABLE_SUBIDS to enable support for
subordinate IDs.
* src/useradd.c: Likewise.
* src/userdel.c: Likewise.
* src/usermod.c: Likewise.
* man/Makefile.am: Install man1/newgidmap.1, man1/newuidmap.1,
man5/subgid.5, and man5/subuid.5 only if ENABLE_SUBIDS is defined.
* man/fr/Makefile.am: Install man1/newgidmap.1, man1/newuidmap.1,
man5/subgid.5, and man5/subuid.5 (not translated yet).
* man/generate_mans.mak: Add xsltproc conditionals
subids/no_subids.
* man/login.defs.d/SUB_GID_COUNT.xml: Add dependency on subids
condition.
* man/login.defs.d/SUB_UID_COUNT.xml: Likewise.
* man/usermod.8.xml: Document options for subordinate IDs and
reference subgid(5) / subuid(5) depending on the subids condition.
