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This commit is contained in:
Joey Schulze 1999-08-21 10:49:14 +00:00
parent 8440db2b28
commit 955a093c05
3 changed files with 91 additions and 90 deletions
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15
klogd.8
View File

@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ daemon to reload the kernel module symbols. The \-I switch signals for a
reload of both the static kernel symbols and the kernel module symbols.
.TP
.B "\-n"
Avoid auto-backgrounding. This is needed especially if the
Avoid auto-backgrounding. This is needed especially if the
.B klogd
is started and controlled by
.BR init (8).
@ -96,10 +96,10 @@ ultimately they are one and the same. Klogd is designed to choose
whichever source of information is the most appropriate. It does this
by first checking for the presence of a mounted
.I /proc
file system. If this is found the
file system. If this is found the
.I /proc/kmsg
file is used as the source of kernel log
information. If the proc file system is not mounted
information. If the proc file system is not mounted
.B klogd
uses a
system call to obtain kernel messages. The command line switch
@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ messaging source.
If kernel messages are directed through the
.BR syslogd " daemon the " klogd
daemon, as of version 1.1, has the ability to properly prioritize
kernel messages. Prioritization of the kernel messages was added to it
at approximately version 0.99pl13 of the kernel. The raw kernel messages
kernel messages. Prioritization of the kernel messages was added to it
at approximately version 0.99pl13 of the kernel. The raw kernel messages
are of the form:
.IP
\<[0\-7]\>Something said by the kernel.
@ -331,14 +331,15 @@ always consistent with the current kernel state.
The
.B klogd
will respond to eight signals:
.BR SIGHUP ", " SIGINT ", " SIGKILL ", " SIGTERM ", " SIGTSTP ", " SIGUSR1 ", "SIGUSR2 " and " SIGCONT ". The"
.BR SIGHUP ", " SIGINT ", " SIGKILL ", " SIGTERM ", " SIGTSTP ", "
.BR SIGUSR1 ", "SIGUSR2 " and " SIGCONT ". The"
.BR SIGINT ", " SIGKILL ", " SIGTERM " and " SIGHUP
signals will cause the daemon to close its kernel log sources and
terminate gracefully.
The
.BR SIGTSTP " and " SIGCONT
signals are used to start and stop kernel logging. Upon receipt of a
signals are used to start and stop kernel logging. Upon receipt of a
.B SIGTSTP
signal the daemon will close its
log sources and spin in an idle loop. Subsequent receipt of a

88
sysklogd.8
View File

@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ utility which allows kernel logging to be conducted in either a
standalone fashion or as a client of syslogd.
.B Syslogd
provides a kind of logging that many modern programs use. Every logged
provides a kind of logging that many modern programs use. Every logged
message contains at least a time and a hostname field, normally a
program name field, too, but that depends on how trusty the logging
program is.
@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ The main configuration file
.I /etc/syslog.conf
or an alternative file, given with the
.B "\-f"
option, is read at startup. Any lines that begin with the hash mark
(``#'') and empty lines are ignored. If an error occurs during parsing
option, is read at startup. Any lines that begin with the hash mark
(``#'') and empty lines are ignored. If an error occurs during parsing
the whole line is ignored.
.LP
@ -87,10 +87,10 @@ described by the people from OpenBSD at
http://www.psionic.com/papers/dns.html.
.TP
.B "\-d"
Turns on debug mode. Using this the daemon will not proceed a
Turns on debug mode. Using this the daemon will not proceed a
.BR fork (2)
to set itself in the background, but opposite to that stay in the
foreground and write much debug information on the current tty. See the
foreground and write much debug information on the current tty. See the
DEBUGGING section for more information.
.TP
.BI "\-f " "config file"
@ -106,13 +106,13 @@ defined.
.TP
.BI "\-l " "hostlist"
Specify a hostname that should be logged only with its simple hostname
and not the fqdn. Multiple hosts may be specified using the colon
and not the fqdn. Multiple hosts may be specified using the colon
(``:'') separator.
.TP
.BI "\-m " "interval"
The
.B syslogd
logs a mark timestamp regularly. The default
logs a mark timestamp regularly. The default
.I interval
between two \fI-- MARK --\fR lines is 20 minutes. This can be changed
with this option. Setting the
@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ with this option. Setting the
to zero turns it off entirely.
.TP
.B "\-n"
Avoid auto-backgrounding. This is needed especially if the
Avoid auto-backgrounding. This is needed especially if the
.B syslogd
is started and controlled by
.BR init (8).
@ -132,24 +132,24 @@ You can specify an alternative unix domain socket instead of
.B "\-r"
This option will enable the facility to receive message from the
network using an internet domain socket with the syslog service (see
.BR services (5)).
.BR services (5)).
The default is to not receive any messages from the network.
This option is introduced in version 1.3 of the sysklogd
package. Please note that the default behavior is the opposite of
package. Please note that the default behavior is the opposite of
how older versions behave, so you might have to turn this on.
.TP
.BI "\-s " "domainlist"
Specify a domainname that should be stripped off before
logging. Multiple domains may be specified using the colon (``:'')
separator. Remember that the first match is used, not the best.
logging. Multiple domains may be specified using the colon (``:'')
separator. Remember that the first match is used, not the best.
.TP
.B "\-v"
Print version and exit.
.LP
.SH SIGNALS
.B Syslogd
reacts to a set of signals. You may easily send a signal to
reacts to a set of signals. You may easily send a signal to
.B syslogd
using the following:
.IP
@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ kill -SIGNAL `cat /var/run/syslogd.pid`
.B SIGHUP
This lets
.B syslogd
perform a re-initialization. All open files are closed, the
perform a re-initialization. All open files are closed, the
configuration file (default is
.IR /etc/syslog.conf ")"
will be reread and the
@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ If debugging is enabled these are ignored, otherwise
will die.
.TP
.B SIGUSR1
Switch debugging on/off. This option can only be used if
Switch debugging on/off. This option can only be used if
.B syslogd
is started with the
.B "\-d"
@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ Wait for childs if some were born, because of wall'ing messages.
.SH CONFIGURATION FILE SYNTAX DIFFERENCES
.B Syslogd
uses a slightly different syntax for its configuration file than
the original BSD sources. Originally all messages of a specific priority
the original BSD sources. Originally all messages of a specific priority
and above were forwarded to the log file.
.IP
For example the following line caused ALL output from daemons using
@ -232,12 +232,12 @@ file.
.\" The \fB!\fR as the first character of a priority inverts the above
.\" mentioned interpretation.
The \fB!\fR is used to exclude logging of the specified
priorities. This affects all (!) possibilities of specifying priorities.
priorities. This affects all (!) possibilities of specifying priorities.
.IP
For example the following lines would log all messages of the facility
mail except those with the priority info to the
.I /usr/adm/mail
file. And all messages from news.info (including) to news.crit
file. And all messages from news.info (including) to news.crit
(excluding) would be logged to the
.I /usr/adm/news
file.
@ -248,8 +248,8 @@ file.
news.info;news.!crit /usr/adm/news
.fi
.PP
You may use it intuitively as an exception specifier. The above
mentioned interpretation is simply inverted. Doing that you may use
You may use it intuitively as an exception specifier. The above
mentioned interpretation is simply inverted. Doing that you may use
.nf
mail.none
@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ or
mail.!debug
.fi
to skip every message that comes with a mail facility. There is much
to skip every message that comes with a mail facility. There is much
room to play with it. :-)
The \fB-\fR may only be used to prefix a filename if you want to omit
@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ actually logged to a disk file.
To enable this you have to specify the
.B "\-r"
option on the command line. The default behavior is that
option on the command line. The default behavior is that
.B syslogd
won't listen to the network.
@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ The strategy is to have syslogd listen on a unix domain socket for
locally generated log messages. This behavior will allow syslogd to
inter-operate with the syslog found in the standard C library. At the
same time syslogd listens on the standard syslog port for messages
forwarded from other hosts. To have this work correctly the
forwarded from other hosts. To have this work correctly the
.BR services (5)
files (typically found in
.IR /etc )
@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ entry:
If this entry is missing
.B syslogd
neither can receive remote messages nor send them, because the UDP
port cant be opened. Instead
port cant be opened. Instead
.B syslogd
will die immediately, blowing out an error message.
@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ If the remote hostname cannot be resolved at startup, because the
name-server might not be accessible (it may be started after syslogd)
you don't have to worry.
.B Syslogd
will retry to resolve the name ten times and then complain. Another
will retry to resolve the name ten times and then complain. Another
possibility to avoid this is to place the hostname in
.IR /etc/hosts .
@ -352,13 +352,13 @@ With normal
.BR syslogd s
you would get syslog-loops if you send out messages that were received
from a remote host to the same host (or more complicated to a third
host that sends it back to the first one, and so on). In my domain
host that sends it back to the first one, and so on). In my domain
(Infodrom Oldenburg) we accidently got one and our disks filled up
with the same single message. :-(
To avoid this in further times no messages that were received from a
remote host are sent out to another (or the same) remote host
anymore. If there are scenarios where this doesn't make sense, please
anymore. If there are scenarios where this doesn't make sense, please
drop me (Joey) a line.
If the remote host is located in the same domain as the host,
@ -367,12 +367,12 @@ is running on, only the simple hostname will be logged instead of
the whole fqdn.
In a local network you may provide a central log server to have all
the important information kept on one machine. If the network consists
the important information kept on one machine. If the network consists
of different domains you don't have to complain about logging fully
qualified names instead of simple hostnames. You may want to use the
qualified names instead of simple hostnames. You may want to use the
strip-domain feature
.B \-s
of this server. You can tell the
of this server. You can tell the
.B syslogd
to strip off several domains other than the one the server is located
in and only log simple hostnames.
@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ in and only log simple hostnames.
Using the
.B \-l
option there's also a possibility to define single hosts as local
machines. This, too, results in logging only their simple hostnames
machines. This, too, results in logging only their simple hostnames
and not the fqdns.
The UDP socket used to forward messages to remote hosts or to receive
@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ forwarding respectively.
This version of syslogd has support for logging output to named pipes
(fifos). A fifo or named pipe can be used as a destination for log
messages by prepending a pipy symbol (``|'') to the name of the
file. This is handy for debugging. Note that the fifo must be created
file. This is handy for debugging. Note that the fifo must be created
with the mkfifo command before syslogd is started.
.IP
The following configuration file routes debug messages from the
@ -428,8 +428,8 @@ Both the
can either be run from
.BR init (8)
or started as part of the rc.*
sequence. If it is started from init the option \fI\-n\fR must be set,
otherwise you'll get tons of syslog daemons started. This is because
sequence. If it is started from init the option \fI\-n\fR must be set,
otherwise you'll get tons of syslog daemons started. This is because
.BR init (8)
depends on the process ID.
.LP
@ -474,36 +474,36 @@ When debugging is turned on using
.B "\-d"
option then
.B syslogd
will be very verbose by writing much of what it does on stdout. Whenever
will be very verbose by writing much of what it does on stdout. Whenever
the configuration file is reread and re-parsed you'll see a tabular,
corresponding to the internal data structure. This tabular consists of
corresponding to the internal data structure. This tabular consists of
four fields:
.TP
.I number
This field contains a serial number starting by zero. This number
This field contains a serial number starting by zero. This number
represents the position in the internal data structure (i.e. the
array). If one number is left out then there might be an error in the
array). If one number is left out then there might be an error in the
corresponding line in
.IR /etc/syslog.conf .
.TP
.I pattern
This field is tricky and represents the internal structure
exactly. Every column stands for a facility (refer to
exactly. Every column stands for a facility (refer to
.BR syslog (3)).
As you can see, there are still some facilities left free for former
use, only the left most are used. Every field in a column represents
use, only the left most are used. Every field in a column represents
the priorities (refer to
.BR syslog (3)).
.TP
.I action
This field describes the particular action that takes place whenever a
message is received that matches the pattern. Refer to the
message is received that matches the pattern. Refer to the
.BR syslog.conf (5)
manpage for all possible actions.
.TP
.I arguments
This field shows additional arguments to the actions in the last
field. For file-logging this is the filename for the logfile; for
field. For file-logging this is the filename for the logfile; for
user-logging this is a list of users; for remote logging this is the
hostname of the machine to log to; for console-logging this is the
used console; for tty-logging this is the specified tty; wall has no
@ -530,13 +530,13 @@ If an error occurs in one line the whole rule is ignored.
.B Syslogd
doesn't change the filemode of opened logfiles at any stage of
process. If a file is created it is world readable. If you want to
process. If a file is created it is world readable. If you want to
avoid this, you have to create it and change permissions on your own.
This could be done in combination with rotating logfiles using the
.BR savelog (8)
program that is shipped in the
.B smail
3.x distribution. Remember that it might be a security hole if
3.x distribution. Remember that it might be a security hole if
everybody is able to read auth.* messages as these might contain
passwords.
.LP

78
syslog.conf.5
View File

@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ The
.I syslog.conf
file is the main configuration file for the
.BR syslogd (8)
which logs system messages on *nix systems. This file specifies rules
for logging. For special features see the
which logs system messages on *nix systems. This file specifies rules
for logging. For special features see the
.BR sysklogd (8)
manpage.
@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ Every rule consists of two fields, a
.I selector
field and an
.I action
field. These two fields are separated by one or more spaces or
tabs. The selector field specifies a pattern of facilities and
field. These two fields are separated by one or more spaces or
tabs. The selector field specifies a pattern of facilities and
priorities belonging to the specified action.
Lines starting with a hash mark (``#'') and empty lines are ignored.
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ and a
.IR priority ,
separated by a period (``.'').
Both parts are case insensitive and can also be specified as decimal
numbers, but don't do that, you have been warned. Both facilities and
numbers, but don't do that, you have been warned. Both facilities and
priorities are described in
.BR syslog (3).
The names mentioned below correspond to the similar
@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ The keyword
should not be used anymore and
.B mark
is only for internal use and therefore should not be used in
applications. Anyway, you may want to specify and redirect these
messages here. The
applications. Anyway, you may want to specify and redirect these
messages here. The
.I facility
specifies the subsystem that produced the message, i.e. all mail
programs log with the mail facility
@ -88,13 +88,13 @@ is one of the following keywords, in ascending order:
.BR alert ", " emerg ", " panic " (same as " emerg ).
The keywords
.BR error ", " warn " and " panic
are deprecated and should not be used anymore. The
are deprecated and should not be used anymore. The
.I priority
defines the severity of the message
The behavior of the original BSD syslogd is that all messages of the
specified priority and higher are logged according to the given
action. This
action. This
.BR syslogd (8)
behaves the same, but has some extensions.
@ -102,12 +102,12 @@ In addition to the above mentioned names the
.BR syslogd (8)
understands the following extensions: An asterisk (``*'') stands for
all facilities or all priorities, depending on where it is used
(before or after the period). The keyword
(before or after the period). The keyword
.B none
stands for no priority of the given facility.
You can specify multiple facilities with the same priority pattern in
one statement using the comma (``,'') operator. You may specify as
one statement using the comma (``,'') operator. You may specify as
much facilities as you want. Remember that only the facility part from
such a statement is taken, a priority part would be skipped.
@ -116,33 +116,33 @@ Multiple selectors may be specified for a single
using the semicolon (``;'') separator. Remember that each selector in
the
.I selector
field is capable to overwrite the preceding ones. Using this
field is capable to overwrite the preceding ones. Using this
behavior you can exclude some priorities from the pattern.
This
.BR syslogd (8)
has a syntax extension to the original BSD source, that makes its use
more intuitively. You may precede every priority with an equation sign
more intuitively. You may precede every priority with an equation sign
(``='') to specify only this single priority and not any of the
above. You may also (both is valid, too) precede the priority with an
above. You may also (both is valid, too) precede the priority with an
exclamation mark (``!'') to ignore all that priorities, either exact
this one or this and any higher priority. If you use both extensions
this one or this and any higher priority. If you use both extensions
than the exclamation mark must occur before the equation sign, just
use it intuitively.
.SH ACTIONS
The action field of a rule describes the abstract term
``logfile''. A ``logfile'' need not to be a real file, btw. The
``logfile''. A ``logfile'' need not to be a real file, btw. The
.BR syslogd (8)
provides the following actions.
.SS Regular File
Typically messages are logged to real files. The file has to be
Typically messages are logged to real files. The file has to be
specified with full pathname, beginning with a slash ``/''.
You may prefix each entry with the minus ``-'' sign to omit syncing
the file after every logging. Note that you might lose information if
the system crashes right behind a write attempt. Nevertheless this
the file after every logging. Note that you might lose information if
the system crashes right behind a write attempt. Nevertheless this
might give you back some performance, especially if you run programs
that use logging in a very verbose manner.
@ -150,9 +150,9 @@ that use logging in a very verbose manner.
This version of
.BR syslogd (8)
has support for logging output to
named pipes (fifos). A fifo or named pipe can be used as
named pipes (fifos). A fifo or named pipe can be used as
a destination for log messages by prepending a pipe symbol (``|'') to
the name of the file. This is handy for debugging. Note that the fifo
the name of the file. This is handy for debugging. Note that the fifo
must be created with the
.BR mkfifo (1)
command before
@ -170,33 +170,33 @@ This
provides full remote logging, i.e. is able to send messages to a
remote host running
.BR syslogd (8)
and to receive messages from remote hosts. The remote
and to receive messages from remote hosts. The remote
host won't forward the message again, it will just log them
locally. To forward messages to another host, prepend the hostname
locally. To forward messages to another host, prepend the hostname
with the at sign (``@'').
Using this feature you're able to control all syslog messages on one
host, if all other machines will log remotely to that. This tears down
host, if all other machines will log remotely to that. This tears down
administration needs.
.SS List of Users
Usually critical messages are also directed to ``root'' on that
machine. You can specify a list of users that shall get the message by
simply writing the login. You may specify more than one user by
separating them with commas (``,''). If they're logged in they
get the message. Don't think a mail would be sent, that might be too
machine. You can specify a list of users that shall get the message by
simply writing the login. You may specify more than one user by
separating them with commas (``,''). If they're logged in they
get the message. Don't think a mail would be sent, that might be too
late.
.SS Everyone logged on
Emergency messages often go to all users currently online to notify
them that something strange is happening with the system. To specify
them that something strange is happening with the system. To specify
this
.IR wall (1)-feature
use an asterisk (``*'').
.SH EXAMPLES
Here are some example, partially taken from a real existing site and
configuration. Hopefully they rub out all questions to the
configuration. Hopefully they rub out all questions to the
configuration, if not, drop me (Joey) a line.
.IP
.nf
@ -229,9 +229,9 @@ file
The second statement directs all kernel messages of the priority
.B crit
and higher to the remote host finlandia. This is useful, because if
and higher to the remote host finlandia. This is useful, because if
the host crashes and the disks get irreparable errors you might not be
able to read the stored messages. If they're on a remote host, too,
able to read the stored messages. If they're on a remote host, too,
you still can try to find out the reason for the crash.
The third rule directs these messages to the actual console, so the
@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ This directs all messages that uses
.BR mail.info " (in source " LOG_MAIL " | " LOG_INFO )
to
.IR /dev/tty12 ,
the 12th console. For example the tcpwrapper
the 12th console. For example the tcpwrapper
.BR tcpd (8)
uses this as it's default.
@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ This pattern matches all messages that come with the
.B mail
facility, except for the
.B info
priority. These will be stored in the file
priority. These will be stored in the file
.IR /var/adm/mail .
.IP
@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ facility will not be stored.
.LP
This rule tells the
.B syslogd
to write all emergency messages to all currently logged in users. This
to write all emergency messages to all currently logged in users. This
is the wall action.
.IP
@ -355,14 +355,14 @@ and ``joey'' if they're logged in.
.fi
.LP
This rule would redirect all messages to a remote host called
finlandia. This is useful especially in a cluster of machines where
finlandia. This is useful especially in a cluster of machines where
all syslog messages will be stored on only one machine.
.SH CONFIGURATION FILE SYNTAX DIFFERENCES
.B Syslogd
uses a slightly different syntax for its configuration file than
the original BSD sources. Originally all messages of a specific priority
and above were forwarded to the log file. The modifiers ``='', ``!''
the original BSD sources. Originally all messages of a specific priority
and above were forwarded to the log file. The modifiers ``='', ``!''
and ``-'' were added to make the
.B syslogd
more flexible and to use it in a more intuitive manner.
@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ Configuration file for
.B syslogd
.SH BUGS
The effects of multiple selectors are sometimes not intuitive. For
The effects of multiple selectors are sometimes not intuitive. For
example ``mail.crit,*.err'' will select ``mail'' facility messages at
the level of ``err'' or higher, not at the level of ``crit'' or
higher.