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xbps/README.md

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[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/voidlinux/xbps.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/voidlinux/xbps)
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## XBPS
The X Binary Package System (in short XBPS) is a binary package system
**designed and implemented from scratch**. Its goal is to be fast, easy to use,
bug-free, featureful and portable as much as possible.
The XBPS code is totally **compatible with POSIX/SUSv2/C99 standards**, and
released with a **Simplified BSD license (2 clause)**. There is a well
documented API provided by the XBPS Library that is the basis for its frontends
to handle binary packages and repositories. Some highlights:
* Supports **multiple local and remote repositories** (HTTP/HTTPS/FTP).
* **RSA signed remote repositories** (NEW in 0.27).
* **SHA256 hashes** for package metadata, files and binary packages.
* Supports **package states** (ala dpkg) to mitigate broken package
installs/updates.
* Ability to **resume** partial package install/updates.
* Ability to **unpack only files that have been modified** in package updates.
* Ability to use **virtual packages**.
* Ability to **check for incompatible shared libraries in reverse
dependencies**.
* Ability to **replace packages**.
* Ability to **put packages on hold** (to never update them. NEW in 0.16).
* Ability to **preserve/update configuration files**.
* Ability to **force reinstallation** of any installed package.
* Ability to **downgrade any** installed package.
* Ability to **execute pre/post install/remove/update scriptlets**.
* Ability to **check package integrity**: missing files, hashes, missing or
unresolved (reverse)dependencies, dangling or modified symlinks, etc.
### Build requirements
To build this you'll need:
- A C99 compiler (clang 3.x, gcc 4.x, pcc 1.1.0 tested)
- [GNU make](http://www.gnu.org/software/make/)
- [pkg-config](http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/pkg-config/)
- [zlib](http://www.zlib.net)
- [openssl < 1.1](http://www.openssl.org) or [libressl](https://www.libressl.org/)
- [libarchive >= 3.2.0](http://www.libarchive.org)
and optionally:
- [graphviz](http://www.graphviz.org) and [doxygen](http://www.doxygen.org)
(--enable-api-docs) to build API documentation.
- [atf >= 0.15](http://code.google.com/p/kyua) (--enable-tests) to build the
Kyua test suite.
### Tests
To run the test suite make sure *kyua* is installed and run the following:
```
$ ./configure --enable-tests --enable-debug
$ make
$ make check
```
### Build instructions
Standard configure script (not generated by GNU autoconf).
```
$ ./configure --prefix=/blah
$ make -jX
$ make install
```
By default PREFIX is set `/usr/local` and may be changed by setting `--prefix`
in the `configure` script. The `DESTDIR` variable is also supported at the
install stage.
There are some more options that can be tweaked, see them with
`./configure --help`.
Good luck!
### Binaries
Binaries for Linux compiled statically with the musl C library are available at this location:
* [aarch64](http://repo.voidlinux.eu/static/xbps-static-latest.aarch64-musl.tar.xz)
* [armv6hf](http://repo.voidlinux.eu/static/xbps-static-latest.armv6l-musl.tar.xz)
* [i686](http://repo.voidlinux.eu/static/xbps-static-latest.i686-musl.tar.xz)
* [x86\_64](http://repo.voidlinux.eu/static/xbps-static-latest.x86_64-musl.tar.xz)
* [mips32](http://repo.voidlinux.eu/static/xbps-static-latest.mips-musl.tar.xz)
Check the *sha256* checksums with this file: http://repo.voidlinux.eu/static/sha256sums.txt
### Usage instructions
The xbps package includes the following utilities:
* `xbps-create (1)` - XBPS utility to create binary packages
* `xbps-dgraph (1)` - XBPS utility to generate dot(1) graphs
* `xbps-install (1)` - XBPS utility to install and update packages
* `xbps-pkgdb (1)` - XBPS utility to report and fix issues in pkgdb
* `xbps-query (1)` - XBPS utility to query for package and repository information
* `xbps-reconfigure (1)` - XBPS utility to configure installed packages
* `xbps-remove (1)` - XBPS utility to remove packages
* `xbps-rindex (1)` - XBPS utility to handle local binary package repositories
In the following sections there will be a brief description of how these utilities currently work.
### Package expressions
In the following examples there will be commands accepting an argument such as `<package expression>`. A package expression is a form to match a pattern; currently XBPS >= 0.19 supports 3 ways to specify them:
* by specifying a package name, i.e `foo`.
* by specifying the exact package name and version, i.e `foo-1.0_1`.
* by specifying a package name and version separated by any of the following version comparators:
* `<` less than
* `>` greater than
* `<=` less or equal than
* `>=` greater or equal than
Such example would be `foo>=2.0` or `blah-foo<=1.0`.
### Repositories
Repositories can be declared in a configuration file of the `configuration` or `system configuration` directories:
* `<sysconfdir>/xbps.d` - The configuration directory (set to `/etc/xbps.d`)
* `<sharedir>/xbps.d` - The system directory (set to `/usr/share/xbps.d`)
A configuration file bearing the same filename in `/etc/xbps.d` overrides the one from `<sharedir>/xbps.d`.
By default the `XBPS` package provides only the main Void repository in the `/usr/share/xbps.d/00-repository-main.conf` file.
Additional repositories can be added by installing any of the following XBPS packages or creating new configuration files manually:
```
$ xbps-query -Rs void-repo
[*] void-repo-debug-3_1 Void Linux drop-in file for the debug repository
[*] void-repo-multilib-3_1 Void Linux drop-in file for the multilib repository
[*] void-repo-multilib-nonfree-3_1 Void Linux drop-in file for the multilib/nonfree repository
[*] void-repo-nonfree-3_1 Void Linux drop-in file for the nonfree repository
$
```
> **NOTE** repositories specified in the `configuration` directory are added to the head of the list, while repositories specified via `system configuration` directories are appended to the existing list.
> **NOTE** If no repositories are found it's possible to declare them manually via the command line option `--repository`, currently accepted in `xbps-install(1)` and `xbps-query(1)`.
### xbps-query - querying packages and repositories
> xbps-query(1) will try to match `<package expression>` in local packages. This behaviour
can be changed by enabling the `-R` or `--repository` option to force repository mode.
To query the list of installed packages:
$ xbps-query -l
To query the list of working repositories:
$ xbps-query -L
To query the list of installed packages that were installed manually (not as dependencies):
$ xbps-query -m
To query the list of packages on hold (won't be upgraded automatically):
$ xbps-query -H
To query the list of installed package orphans (packages that were installed as dependencies but there is not any package currently that requires it):
$ xbps-query -O
To query a package and show its meta information:
$ xbps-query <package expression>
> Additionally the `-p or --property` option can be used to only show a specific key of a package:
$ xbps-query --property=pkgver xbps
xbps-0.19_1
$
> Multiple properties can be specified by delimiting them with commas, i.e `-p key,key2`.
To query a package and show its file list:
$ xbps-query -f <package expression>
To query a package and show required run-time dependencies:
$ xbps-query -x <package expression>
To query a package and show required reverse run-time dependencies:
$ xbps-query -X <package expression>
To query for packages matching a file with specified pattern(s) (ownedby mode):
$ xbps-query -o <pattern>
> Where `<pattern>` is a shell wildcard pattern as explained in fnmatch(3); e.g `"*.png"`.
> Multiple `<patterns>` can be specified as arguments.
To query for packages matching pkgname/version/description with specified pattern(s) (search mode):
$ xbps-query -s <pattern>
> The same rules explained above in the `ownedby` mode shall be applied.
### xbps-install - installing and updating packages
To synchronize remote repository index files:
$ xbps-install -S
> The `-S, --sync` option can be combined while installing or updating packages, i.e `xbps-install -Su`.
To install a package:
$ xbps-install <package expression>
To install multiple packages at once:
$ xbps-install <package expression> <package expressions>
To update a single package:
$ xbps-install -u <package expression>
To update all packages (also known as dist-upgrade in Debian/Ubuntu):
$ xbps-install -u
> The `-n, --dry-run` option can be used to print what packages will be updated and/or installed and doesn't need permissions in the target rootdir, which can be useful to list updates.
### xbps-remove - removing packages
To remove a package:
$ xbps-remove <package name>
To recursively remove unneeded dependencies that were installed by the target package:
$ xbps-remove -R <package name>
To remove package orphans:
$ xbps-remove -o
To clean the cache directory and remove outdated packages and/or packages with wrong hash:
$ xbps-remove -O
> To remove package orphans and clean the cache repository both options can be combined, i.e `xbps-remove -Oo`.
### xbps-reconfigure - configure (or force configuration of) a package
The `xbps-reconfigure(1)` utility may be used to configure packages that were not previously
(perhaps due to a power outage, process killed, etc) or simply to force package
reconfiguration. By default and unless the `-f, --force` option is set, only packages that
were not configured will be processed.
Its usage is simple, specify a package name or `a, --all` for all packages:
$ xbps-reconfigure [-f] <package name> | -a
### xbps-pkgdb - checking for errors in packages and pkgdb
The `xbps-pkgdb(1)` utility may be used to check for errors in packages and in the package database.
It is also used to update the *package database* format (if there have been changes). It works exactly the
same way as `xbps-reconfigure(1)` and expects a package name or -a, --all for all packages.
$ xbps-pkgdb <package name> | -a
To put a package on hold mode (won't be upgraded in dist-upgrade mode):
$ xbps-pkgdb -m hold <package name>
To remove a package from hold mode:
$ xbps-pkgdb -m unhold <package name>
To put a package in automatic mode (as it were installed as a dependency):
$ xbps-pkgdb -m auto <package name>
To put a package in manual mode (won't be detected as orphan):
$ xbps-pkgdb -m manual <package name>
To update the pkgdb format to the latest one:
$ xbps-pkgdb -u
> NOTE: updating the pkgdb format does not happen too frequently, therefore it's only necessary in rare circumstances.
### xbps-rindex - Create, update and administer local repositories
This command only has 3 operation modes:
* Add [-a, --all]: adds the specified packages into the specified repository and removes previous entry if found:
$ xbps-rindex -a /path/to/repository/*.xbps
> The `-f, --force` option can be used to forcefully register a package into the repository index, even if the same version is already registered.
* Clean [-c, --clean]: cleans the index of the specified repository by removing outdated or invalid entries (nonexistent packages, unmatched hashes, etc):
$ xbps-rindex -c /path/to/repository
* Remove-obsoletes [-r, --remove-obsoletes]: removes obsolete packages in repository (outdated, broken and unmatched hashes):
$ xbps-rindex -r /path/to/repository
### Examples
Upgrade all packages in the system, without asking for an answer:
# xbps-install -Syu
Clean the cache directory and remove package orphans:
# xbps-remove -Oo
Show information of a package available in repositories:
$ xbps-query -R xbps
Show filelist of a package available in repositories:
$ xbps-query -Rf xbps
Find the packages that own the file `/bin/ls` in repositories:
$ xbps-query -Ro /bin/ls
Make a package keepable (won't be detected as orphan):
# xbps-pkgdb -m manual xbps
Search for packages in repositories matching the `xbps` pattern in its `pkgver` and `short_desc` objects:
$ xbps-query -Rs xbps
Remove a package and all unnecessary dependencies that were installed:
# xbps-remove -R xbmc
Appending repositories via command line:
$ xbps-query --repository=<url> ...
# xbps-install --repository=<url> ...
Switch an installed package to on *hold* mode (won't be updated via `xbps-install -u`):
# xbps-pkgdb -m hold <pkgname>
Switch an installed package to the *unhold* mode (will be updated if there are updates):
# xbps-pkgdb -m unhold <pkgname>
Check for errors on installed packages and in pkgdb:
# xbps-pkgdb -a
Listing all files not managed by xbps:
```sh
#!/bin/sh
tmp=$(mktemp -dt xbps-disownedXXXXXX)
pkg=$tmp/pkg
fs=$tmp/fs
trap "rm -rf $tmp" EXIT
xbps-query -o \* | cut -d ' ' -f2 | sort > $pkg
find /boot /etc /opt /usr /var -xdev -type f -print | sort > $fs
comm -23 $fs $pkg
```
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