[svn-upgrade] Integrating new upstream version, shadow (4.0.4.1)

This commit is contained in:
nekral-guest
2007-10-07 11:45:31 +00:00
parent effd479bff
commit e637799f9b
97 changed files with 6314 additions and 683 deletions

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@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
2004-01-14 Tomasz K<>oczko <kloczek@pld.org.pl>
* configure.in: Fixed checking is avalaible st_rdev in struct stat.
2004-01-13 Tomasz K<>oczko <kloczek@pld.org.pl>
* po/pl.po: Typo.

6
NEWS
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@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
$Id: NEWS,v 1.57.2.1 2004/01/14 06:20:26 kloczek Exp $
$Id: NEWS,v 1.57.2.1.2.1 2004/01/14 14:11:25 kloczek Exp $
shadow-4.0.4 => shadow-4.0.4.1
- bug fixes in automake files for generate correct tar ball on "make dist":
added midsiing "EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS)" in man/*/Makefile.am.
shadow-4.0.3 => shadow-4.0.4

2
configure vendored
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@@ -1749,7 +1749,7 @@ fi
# Define the identity of the package.
PACKAGE=shadow
VERSION=4.0.4
VERSION=4.0.4.1
cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF

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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
dnl Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
AC_INIT
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(shadow, 4.0.4)
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(shadow, 4.0.4.1)
AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
dnl Some hacks...

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@@ -7,3 +7,5 @@ man_MANS = \
groups.1 \
login.1 \
passwd.1
EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS)

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@@ -160,6 +160,8 @@ man_MANS = \
login.1 \
passwd.1
EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS)
subdir = man/de
ACLOCAL_M4 = $(top_srcdir)/aclocal.m4
mkinstalldirs = $(SHELL) $(top_srcdir)/mkinstalldirs

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man/de/chfn.1 Normal file
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.\" Copyleft (C) 2003 Josef Spillner <josef@ggzgamingzone.org>
.\" <20>bersetzung der englischen Version von Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" Ersatz f<>r die originale Version von:
.\" Copyright 1993 Sebastian Hetze und Peter Orbaek.
.\"
.\" Ver<65>ffentlicht unter der GNU General Public License (GPL).
.\"
.TH CHFN 1
.SH BEZEICHNUNG
chfn \- <20>ndert den wahren Nutzernamen und Informationen
.SH SYNTAX
.TP 5
\fBchfn\fR
[\fB-f \fIVollerName\fR] [\fB-r \fIRaumnummer\fR]
.br
[\fB-w \fITelArbeit\fR] [\fB-h \fITelPrivat\fR] [\fB-o \fIAnderes\fR]
[\fINutzer\fR]
.SH BESCHREIBUNG
\fBchfn\fR <20>ndert den vollen Namen, die B<>ronummer und B<>roerweiterung,
sowie private Telefonnummer f<>r ein Nutzerkonto.
Diese Information wird meist von \fBfinger\fR(1) und anderen Programmen
verwendet.
Ein normaler Nutzer darf nur die Felder f<>r sein/ihr eigenes Konto <20>ndern,
w<EFBFBD>hrend der Supernutzer dies f<>r alle Konten tun darf.
Auch darf nur der Supernutzer anhand der Option \fB-o\fR die Inhalte der
undefinierten Teile des GECOS-Feldes um<75>ndern.
.PP
Die einzige Beschr<68>nkung, die auf den Inhalten dieser Felder liegt, ist da<64>
kein Kontrollzeichen verwendet wird, und ebenso kein Komma, Doppelpunkt oder
Istgleichzeichen. Das Feld \fIAnderes\fR hat diese Beschr<68>nkung nicht, und wird
verwendet, um Informationen abzuspeichern, die von anderen Anwendungen
ausgelesen werden.
.PP
Wenn keine der Optionen ausgew<65>hlt sind, handelt \fBchfn\fR interaktiv.
Dabei wird der Nutzer nach den aktuellen Werten f<>r alle Felder befragt.
Bei Eingabe eines neuen Wertes wird dieser verwendet, bei Eingabe einer
Leerzeile stattdessen der Originalwert beibehalten.
Der aktuelle Wert wird zwischen einem Paar von \fB[ ]\fR angezeigt.
Ohne Optionen fragt chfn nach einem Nutzerkonto.
.SH DATEIEN
\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- Informationen <20>ber Nutzerkonten
.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
.BR passwd (5)
.SH AUTOR
Julianne Frances Haugh <jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com>
.br
Deutsche <20>bersetzung von Josef Spillner <josef@ggzgamingzone.org>

48
man/de/chsh.1 Normal file
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.\" Copyleft (C) 2003 Josef Spillner <josef@ggzgamingzone.org>
.\" <20>bersetzung der englischen Version von Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" Ersatz f<>r die originale Version von:
.\" Copyright 1993 Sebastian Hetze und Peter Orbaek.
.\"
.\" Ver<65>ffentlicht unter der GNU General Public License (GPL).
.\"
.TH CHSH 1
.SH BEZEICHNUNG
chsh \- <20>ndert die Login-Shell
.SH SYNTAX
.TP 5
\fBchsh\fR
[\fB-s \fILoginshell\fR] [\fINutzer\fR]
.SH BESCHREIBUNG
\fBchsh\fR <20>ndert die Login-Shell eines Nutzers.
Es legt den Namen des Befehls fest, der beim Login ausgef<65>hrt wird.
Ein normaler Nutzer kann die Login-Shell nur f<>r sein/ihr eigenes
Konto <20>ndern, w<>hrend der Supernutzer dies f<>r jedes Konto tun darf.
.PP
Die einzige Beschr<68>nkung, die f<>r die Login-Shell gilt, ist da<64> der
Name des Kommandos in der Datei \fI/etc/shells\fR stehen mu<6D>.
Der Supernutzer darf allerdings jedes beliebige Kommando eintragen.
Nutzern, deren Konten einer Beschr<68>nkung unterliegen, ist es nicht
gestattet, ihre Login-Shell zu <20>ndern.
Aus diesem Grund ist es nicht empfehlenswert, \fB/bin/rsh\fR in
\fI/etc/shells\fR einzutragen, da ein versehentlicher Wechsel
zu einer beschr<68>nkten Shell den Nutzer davon abhalten w<>rde,
seine/ihre Login-Shell wieder auf den Originalwert zur<75>ckzusetzen.
.PP
Wenn die Option \fB-s\fR nicht ausgew<65>hlt ist, wird \fBchsh\fR im
interaktiven Modus betrieben, in der das Programm den Nutzer mit
der aktuellen Login-Shell fragt.
Durch Eingabe eines Wertes wird die Shell gewechselt, w<>hrend sie bei
einer leeren Zeile gleich bleibt.
Die aktuelle Shell wird zwischen einem Paar von \fB[ ]\fR angezeigt.
.SH DATEIEN
\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- Informationen <20>ber Nutzerkonten
.br
\fI/etc/shells\fR \- Liste der g<>ltigen Login-Shells
.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
.BR chfn (1),
.BR passwd (5)
.SH AUTOR
Julianne Frances Haugh <jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com>
.br
Deutsche <20>bersetzung von Josef Spillner <josef@ggzgamingzone.org>

27
man/de/groups.1 Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
.\"
.\" Copyright 1993 Sebastian Hetze und der/die in der Sektion
.\" AUTOR genannten Autor/Autoren
.\"
.\" Dieser Text steht unter der GNU General Public License.
.\" Er darf kopiert und ver<65>ndert, korrigiert und verbessert werden.
.\" Die Copyright und Lizenzbestimmung m<>ssen allerdings erhalten
.\" bleiben. Die Hinweise auf das LunetIX Linuxhandbuch, aus dem
.\" dieser Text stammt, d<>rfen nicht entfernt werden.
.\"
.TH GROUPS 1 "1. Juli 1993" "LunetIX Linuxhandbuch" "Dienstprogramme f<>r Benutzer"
.SH BEZEICHNUNG
groups \- zeigt alle Gruppen, denen der Benutzer angeh<EFBFBD>rt
.SH SYNTAX
.B groups
.RI [ Benutzer ...]
.SH BESCHREIBUNG
.B groups
gibt die Namen aller Gruppen vom
.I Benutzer
aus. Wird kein Name angegeben, werden die Gruppen des aktuellen Prozesses
gezeigt.
.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
.B groups
ist ein Shellscript und benutzt
.B id

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man/de/login.1 Normal file
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.\" Copyleft (C) 2003 Josef Spillner <josef@ggzgamingzone.org>
.\" <20>bersetzung der englischen Version von Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" Ersatz f<>r die originale Version von:
.\" Copyright 1993 Sebastian Hetze und Peter Orbaek.
.\"
.\" Ver<65>ffentlicht unter der GNU General Public License (GPL).
.\"
.TH LOGIN 1
.SH BEZEICHNUNG
login \- startet eine Sitzung auf dem System
.SH SYNTAX
\fBlogin\fR [\fB-p\fR] [\fINutzername\fR] [\fIENV=VAR\fR ...]
.br
\fBlogin\fR [\fB-p\fR] [\fB-h \fIHost\fR] [\fB-f \fINutzername\fR]
.br
\fBlogin\fR [\fB-p\fR] \fB-r \fIHost\fR
.SH BESCHREIBUNG
.B login
wird verwendet, um eine neue Sitzung auf dem System zu starten.
Es wird normalerweise automatisch als Antwort auf den Prompt
.I login:
auf dem Terminal des Nutzers ausgef<65>hrt.
.B login
kann von der Shell speziell behandelt werden und kann nicht als
Subprozess gestartet werden.
Typischerweise wird
.B login
von der Shell als \fBexec login\fR ausgef<65>hrt, so da<64> der Nutzer die
aktuelle Shell verlassen mu<6D>.
Der Versuch, von einer Shell au<61>er der Login-Shell \fBlogin\fR
auszuf<EFBFBD>hren, wird eine Fehlermeldung generieren.
.PP
Wenn das Programm vom Prompt \fIlogin:\fR ausgef<65>hrt wird,
kann der Nutzer Umgebungsvariablen nach dem Nutzernamen eingeben.
Diese Variablen werden in der Form \fBNAME=WERT\fR angegeben.
Nicht alle Variablen k<>nnen auf diese Art und Weise gesetzt werden,
insbesondere \fBPATH\fR, \fBHOME\fR und \fBSHELL\fR stellen eine
Ausnahme dar.
Au<EFBFBD>erdem kann \fBIFS\fR dazugeh<65>ren, wenn die Login-Shell des
Nutzers \fB/bin/sh\fR ist.
.PP
Der Nutzer wird anschlie<69>end nach einem Kennwort gefragt, falls
erforderlich. Dieses wird w<>hrend der Eingabe nicht angezeigt.
Es sind nur eine kleine Anzahl von Login-Fehlern m<>glich,
falls \fBlogin\fR abbricht und die Kommunikation getrennt wird.
.PP
Falls die Kennwortalterung f<>r ein Konto aktiviert wurde,
kann es sein, da<64> der Nutzer vor der weiteren Nutzung nach
einem neuen Kennwort gefragt wird. Das alte und das neue Kennwort
m<EFBFBD>ssen angegeben werden, bevor fortgefahren werden kann.
In der Dokumentation zu \fBpasswd\fR(1) finden sich weitere
Informationen.
.PP
Nach einem erfolgreichen Login werdem dem Nutzer Systemmeldungen
pr<EFBFBD>sentiert, sowie das Vorhandensein von Mails angezeigt.
Die Anzeige der systemweiten Nachrichtendatei \fI/etc/motd\fR kann
unterdr<EFBFBD>ckt werden, wenn im Loginverzeichnis eine leere Datei
\fI.hushlogin\fR angelegt wird.
Die Mailnachricht ist entweder "\fBSie haben neue Mails.\fR",
"\fBSie haben Mails.\fR", oder "\fBKeine Mails.\fR", je nach
Zustandes der Mailbox des Nutzers.
.PP
Die Nutzer- und Gruppen-IDs werden gem<65><6D> den Werten in der Datei
\fI/etc/passwd\fR gesetzt.
Die Werte f<>r \fB$HOME\fR, \fB$SHELL\fR, \fB$PATH\fR, \fB$LOGNAME\fR
und \fB$MAIL\fR werden ebenfalls entsprechend der Eintr<74>ge in dem
Kennworteintrag gesetzt.
Werte f<>r ulimit, umask und nice k<>nnen ebenfalls gem<65><6D> Werten im
GECOS-Feld eingestellt werden.
.PP
Auf einigen Installationen wird die Umgebungsvariable \fB$TERM\fR
entsprechend dem Typ des Ausgabeterminals gesetzt, so wie in
\fI/etc/ttytype\fR angegeben.
.PP
Ein Initialisierungsskript f<>r den Kommandozeilen-Interpreter
kann auch ausgef<65>hrt werden. Dazu sehe man in den entsprechenden
Manual-Seiten nach.
.PP
Ein Subsystem-Login wird durch das Vorhandensein eines "*" als erstem
Buchstaben der Login-Shell angezeigt. Das angegebene Heimatverzeichnis
wird als Wurzel des neuen Dateisystems verwendet werden, in das
der Nutzer tats<74>chlich eingeloggt ist.
.SH OPTIONEN
.TP
.B -p
Behalte die Umgebungseinstellungen bei.
.TP
.B -f
Keine Authentifizierung durchf<68>hren, Nutzer ist bereits angemeldet.
.TP
.B -h
Name des entfernten Rechners f<>r das Login.
.TP
.B -r
F<EFBFBD>hr das Autologin-Protokoll f<>r rlogin aus.
.PP
Die Optionen \fB-r\fP, \fB-h\fP und \fB-f\fP werden nur genutzt,
wenn \fBlogin\fP als root ausgef<65>hrt wird.
.SH HINWEISE
Diese Version von \fBlogin\fR hat viele Optionen f<>r die Compilierung,
davon sind eventuell nur einige auf bestimmten Systemen in Gebrauch.
.PP
Der Ort der Konfigurationsdateien kann entsprechend der Systemkonfiguration
abweichen.
.PP
Es liegt NICHT in der Verantwortung von \fBlogin\fR, Nutzer von der utmp-Datei
zu entfernen.
Sowohl
.BR getty (8)
als auch
.BR init (8)
sind daf<61>r zust<73>ndig, die Eigent<6E>merschaft einer Terminalsitzung aufzur<75>umen.
Falls \fBlogin\fR ohne \fBexec\fR von der Shell genutzt wird, wird der Nutzer
weiterhin in der Lage sein, eingeloggt zu erscheinen, obwohl er aus der
Subsitzung ausgeloggt ist.
.SH DATEIEN
.br
\fI/var/run/utmp\fR \- Liste der aktuellen Login-Sitzungen
.br
\fI/var/log/wtmp\fR \- Liste der vorherigen Login-Sitzungen
.br
\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- Informationen <20>ber Nutzerkonten
.br
\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- Verschl<68>sselte Kennw<6E>rter und Alterungsinformationen
.br
\fI/etc/motd\fR \- Systemnachricht-Datei
.br
\fI/etc/nologin\fR \- Verhindert, da<64> sich Nutzer au<61>er dem Supernutzer einloggen
.br
\fI/etc/ttytype\fR \- Lister der Terminaltypen
.br
\fI$HOME/.hushlogin\fR \- Unterdr<64>ckt die Ausgabe der Systemnachricht
.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
.BR mail (1),
.BR passwd (1),
.BR sh (1),
.BR su (1),
.BR login.defs (5),
.BR nologin (5),
.BR passwd (5),
.BR getty (8)
.SH AUTOR
Julianne Frances Haugh <jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com>
.br
Deutsche <20>bersetzung von Josef Spillner <josef@ggzgamingzone.org>

199
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.\" Copyleft (C) 2003 Josef Spillner <josef@ggzgamingzone.org>
.\" <20>bersetzung der englischen Version von Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" Ersatz f<>r die originale Version von:
.\" Copyright 1993 Sebastian Hetze und Peter Orbaek.
.\"
.\" Ver<65>ffentlicht unter der GNU General Public License (GPL).
.\"
.TH PASSWD 1
.SH BEZEICHNUNG
passwd \- <20>ndert das Nutzerkennwort
.SH SYNTAX
\fBpasswd\fR [\fB-f\fR|\fB-s\fR] [\fIName\fR]
.br
\fBpasswd\fR [\fB-g\fR] [\fB-r\fR|\fB-R\fR] \fIGruppe\fR
.br
\fBpasswd\fR [\fB-x \fImax\fR] [\fB-n \fImin\fR]
[\fB-w \fIwarn\fR] [\fB-i \fIinaktiv\fR] \fILogin\fR
.br
\fBpasswd\fR {\fB-l\fR|\fB-u\fR|\fB-d\fR|\fB-S\fR|\fB-e\fR} \fILogin\fR
.SH BESCHREIBUNG
\fBpasswd\fR <20>ndert Kennw<6E>rter f<>r Nutzer- und Gruppenkonten.
Ein normaler Nutzer darf das Kennwort nur f<>r sein/ihr eigenes
Login <20>ndern, w<>hrend der Superuser (root) dies f<>r jedes Login darf.
Der Administrator einer Gruppe kann das Kennwort f<>r die Gruppe <20>ndern.
\fBpasswd\fR <20>ndert auch Kontoinformationen, wie den vollen Namen
des Nutzers, seine/ihre Loginshell, oder das Datum und Intervall des
Ablaufes des Kennwortes.
.PP
Die Option \fB-s\fR sorgt daf<61>r, da<64> \fBpasswd\fR das Programm \fBchsh\fR
aufruft, welches die Shell des Nutzers <20>ndert. Die Option \fB-f\fR
l<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>t \fBpasswd\fR das Programm \fBchfn\fR zum <20>ndern der GECOS-Information
starten.
Diese beiden Optionen sind nur aus Kompatibilit<69>tsgr<67>nden vorhanden, da diese
Programme direkt aufgerufen werden k<>nnen.
.SS <EFBFBD>nderung des Kennwortes
Der Nutzer wird zuerst nach seinem/ihren alten Kennwort gefragt, sofern es
bereits existiert. Dieses wird dann verschl<68>sselt und mit dem gespeicherten
Kennwort verglichen.
Der Nutzer hat nur einen Versuch, das Kennwort korrekt einzugeben.
Hingegen kann der Superuser diesen Schritt <20>berspringen, um vergessene
Kennw<EFBFBD>rter abzu<7A>ndern.
.PP
Nachdem das Kennwort eingegeben wurde, wird die G<>ltigkeitsinformation
gepr<EFBFBD>ft, um herauszufinden ob der Nutzer zu diesem Zeitpunkt das Kennwort
<EFBFBD>ndern darf.
Wenn das nicht der Fall ist, verweigert \fBpasswd\fR die Kennwort<72>nderung
und beendet sich.
.PP
Anschlie<EFBFBD>end wird der Nutzer nach einem Ersatzkennwort gefragt.
Dieses wird auf Komplexit<69>t <20>berpr<70>ft.
Als Richtlinie sollten Kennw<6E>rter mit 6 bis 8 Zeichen gew<65>hlt werden,
inklusive einem oder mehreren Zeichen aus den folgenden Mengen:
.IP "" .5i
Kleinbuchstaben
.IP "" .5i
Gro<EFBFBD>buchstaben
.IP "" .5i
Ziffern von 0 bis 9
.IP "" .5i
Satzzeichen
.PP
Es sollte darauf geachtet werden, da<64> keine Systeml<6D>schzeichen
oder sonstigen Sonderzeichen darunter sind.
\fBpasswd\fR lehnt jedes Kennwort ab, welches nicht ein Mindestma<6D>
an Komplexit<69>t besitzt.
.PP
Wenn das Kennwort akzeptiert wurde, wird
\fBpasswd\fR ein weiteres Mal nach dem Kennwort fragen und dieses mit
der ersten Eingabe vergleichen.
Beide Eingaben m<>ssen identisch sein, damit das Kennwort ge<67>ndert
werden kann.
.SS Gruppenkennw<EFBFBD>rter
Wenn die Option \fB-g\fR benutzt wird, hat das die <20>nderung des Kennwortes
f<EFBFBD>r die angegebene Gruppe zur Auswahl.
Daf<EFBFBD>r mu<6D> der Nutzer entweder der Superuser oder der Gruppenadministrator
sein.
Es wird nicht nach dem aktuellen Gruppenkennwort gefragt.
Die Option \fB-r\fR wird zusammen mit \fB-g\fR verwendet, um das aktuelle
Kennwort von der angegebenen Gruppe zu entfernen.
Das erlaubt den Zugriff auf die Gruppe durch alle Mitglieder.
Die Option \fB-R\fR in Kombination mit \fB-g\fR beschr<68>nkt den
Zugriff f<>r alle Nutzer.
.SS Kennwortg<EFBFBD>ltigkeitsinformationen
Die Information zur G<>ltigkeitsdauer des Kennwortes kann vom Superuser
mit den Optionen \fB-x\fR, \fB-n\fR, \fB-w\fR und \fB-i\fR ge<67>ndert werden.
Mit der Option \fB-x\fR wird die maximale Anzahl an Tagen eingestellt,
die ein Kennwort g<>ltig bleiben soll.
Nach \fImax\fR Tagen wird eine Kennwort<72>nderung verlangt.
Die Option \fB-n\fR setzt die minimale G<>ltigkeitsdauer in Tagen,
nach der ein Kennwort ge<67>ndert werden kann.
Es ist dem Nutzer nicht gestattet, sein Kennwort zu <20>ndern, bis
\fImin\fR Tage verstrichen sind.
Die Option \fB-w\fR wird genutzt, um die Anzahl der Tage zu setzen,
an denen der Nutzer gewarnt wird, da<64> die G<>ltigkeit seines/ihres Kennwortes
bald ausl<73>uft.
Die Warnung tritt dann \fIwarn\fR Tage vor dem Ablauf der G<>ltigkeit ein,
und teilt dem Nutzer mit, wieviele Tage noch bis zur notwendigen <20>nderung
verbleiben.
Durch \fB-i\fR wird verwendet, ein Konto zu sperren, wenn das Kennwort nicht
ein paar Tage nach Ablauf der G<>ltigkeit ge<67>ndert wurde.
Wenn die G<>ltigkeit bereits f<>r \fIinaktiv\fR Tage <20>berschritten wurde,
kann sich der Nutzer nicht mehr an seinem Konto anmelden.
.PP
Wenn die sofortige Ung<6E>ltigkeit eines Kennwortes gew<65>nscht wird,
kann dieses <20>ber die Option \fB-e\fR eingestellt werden.
Diese Ma<4D>nahme zwingt den Nutzer dazu, sein/ihr Kennwort beim n<>chsten
Login zu <20>ndern. Mit der Option \fB-d\fR kann ein Kennwort gel<65>scht werden.
Dies sollte mit Vorsicht verwendet werden, denn ein leeres Kennwort kann
bedeuten, da<64> beim Login keines mehr ben<65>tigt wird und somit Eindringlinge
Zugang zum System haben.
.SS Kontoverwaltung
Nutzerkonten k<>nnen mit den Optionen \fB-l\fR und \fB-u\fR gesperrt und
wieder entsperrt werden.
Die Option \fB-l\fR deaktiviert ein Konto dadurch, da<64> das Kennwort
auf einen Wert gesetzt wird, der durch kein verschl<68>sseltes Kennwort
dargestellt werden kann.
Die Option \fB-u\fR schaltet das Konto wieder frei, indem das
Kennwort auf seinen vorherigen Wert zur<75>ckgesetzt wird.
.PP
Der Status eines Kontos kann mit der Option \fB-S\fR angesehen werden.
Die Statusinformation besteht aus 7 Feldern.
Das erste Feld ist der Loginname des Nutzers, gefolgt von dem Zustand
des Kontos: gesperrt (L), ohne Kennwort (NP), oder normal mit Kennwort
(P). Das dritte Feld gibt das Datum der letzten Kennwort<72>nderung
zur<EFBFBD>ck. In den restlichen vier Feldern stehen die minimale und maximale
G<EFBFBD>ltigkeitsdauer, die Warnzeit und die Dauer, nach der bei Inaktivit<69>t
das Konto gesperrt wird.
Diese Werte sind als Tagesangaben zu verstehen.
Siehe obiger Absatz
.B Kennwortg<EFBFBD>ltigkeitsinformationen
f<EFBFBD>r eine Erl<72>uterung dieser Felder.
.SS Hinweise f<EFBFBD>r Nutzerkennw<EFBFBD>rter
Die Sicherheit des Kennwortes h<>ngt von der Leistungsf<73>higkeit
des Verschl<68>sselungsalgorithmus und dem Schl<68>sselraum ab.
Die auf \fB\s-2UNIX\s+2\fR-Systemen eingesetzte Verschl<68>sselungsmethode
basiert auf dem NBS DES-Algorithmus und gilt als sehr sicher.
Die Gr<47><72>e des Schl<68>sselraumes h<>ngt von der Zuf<75>lligkeit (Entropie)
des ausgew<65>hlten Kennwortes ab.
.PP
Zwischenf<EFBFBD>lle bei Sicherheitsma<6D>nahmen mit Kennw<6E>rtern sind meist
durch unsachgem<65><6D>en Umgang oder ungen<65>gende Kennwortwahl bedingt.
Aus diesem Grund sollte man kein Kennwort w<>hlen, welches in einem
W<EFBFBD>rterbuch vorkommt, oder so kompliziert ist da<64> man es notieren
mu<EFBFBD>.
Es sollte auch keinem Namen entsprechen, und ebensowenig der
Ausweisnummer, dem Geburtstagsdatum oder der Adresse.
Nichtbeachtung dieser Regeln f<>hrt oft zu Verletzungen der Systemsicherheit.
.PP
Das Kennwort mu<6D> dennoch einfach genug gehalten sein, da<64> man nicht
gezwungen ist, es auf Papier niederzuschreiben.
Das kann erreicht werden, indem man zwei kleine W<>rter durch ein
Sonderzeichen miteinander verbindet, bespielsweise so: Pass%wort.
.PP
Andere Konstruktionsmethoden beinhalten die Auswahl eines leicht
zu merkenden Satzes und die Bildung eines Wortes durch
Aneinanderreihung der Anfangs- oder Endbuchstaben seiner W<>rter.
Das Beispiel hierf<72>r kommt aus 'Faust'
.IP "" .5i
Was wollt ihr da? Was schlich sich ein?
.PP
welches folgendes Wort bildet:
.IP "" .5i
WwidWss1.
.PP
Man kann sich ziemlich sicher sein, da<64> nur weniger Cracker
diesen Term in ihrem W<>rterbuch haben.
Man sollte jedoch eigene Methoden zum Konstruieren von
Kennw<EFBFBD>rtern finden, und sich nicht ausschlie<69>lich auf die
hier aufgezeigten Kennw<6E>rter verlassen.
.SS Bemerkungen zu Gruppenkennw<EFBFBD>rtern
Gruppenkennw<EFBFBD>rter k<>nnen ein ernsthaftes Sicherheitsproblem
darstellen, da mehr als eine Person befugt ist, das Kennwort
zu kennen.
Gruppen sind allerdings ein wichtiges Werkzeug f<>r die Kooperation
unter verschiedenen Nutzern.
.SH HINWEISE
Nicht alle Optionen werden unterst<73>tzt.
Die Komplexit<69>tspr<70>fung f<>r Kennw<6E>rter kann sich von Rechner
zu Rechner unterscheiden.
Der Nutzer wird angehalten, ein Kennwort zu w<>hlen, was so
komplex ist wie er/sie es f<>r richtig h<>lt.
Nutzer k<>nnen eventuell ihre Kennw<6E>rter nicht <20>ndern,
wenn NIS eingesetzt wird und sie nicht im NIS-Server eingeloggt sind.
.SH DATEIEN
.TP
.I /etc/passwd
Informationen <EFBFBD>ber Nutzerkonten
.TP
.I /etc/shadow
Verschl<EFBFBD>sselte Nutzerkennw<EFBFBD>rter
.SH "SIEHE AUCH"
.BR group (5),
.BR passwd (5)
.BR shadow (5)
.SH AUTOR
Julianne Frances Haugh <jockgrrl@ix.netcom.com>
.br
Deutsche <20>bersetzung von Josef Spillner <josef@ggzgamingzone.org>

View File

@@ -5,3 +5,5 @@ man_MANS = \
login.1 \
passwd.1 \
su.1
EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS)

View File

@@ -158,6 +158,8 @@ man_MANS = \
passwd.1 \
su.1
EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS)
subdir = man/es
ACLOCAL_M4 = $(top_srcdir)/aclocal.m4
mkinstalldirs = $(SHELL) $(top_srcdir)/mkinstalldirs

332
man/es/login.1 Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
.\" Copyright 1993 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License
.\"
.\" Translated 17 sep. 1998 by Juan Jos<6F> L<>pez Mellado(laveneno@hotmail.com)
.\"
.TH LOGIN 1 "4 Noviembre 1996" "Util-linux 1.6" "Manual del Programador de Linux"
.SH NOMBRE
login \- firmar
.SH SINOPSIS
.BR "login [ " name " ]"
.br
.B "login \-p"
.br
.BR "login \-h " hostname
.br
.BR "login \-f " name
.SH DESCRIPCI<EFBFBD>N
.B login
es usado cuando se firma en un sistema. Puede ser usado para cambiar
desde un usuario a otro en cualquier momento (los shells m<>s modernos
disponen de esta caracter<65>stica incluida internamente).
Si no se da ning<6E>n argumento,
.B login
pregunta por el nombre de usuario.
Si el usuario
.I no
es root, y si existe
.IR /etc/nologin ,
el contenido de este fichero se escribe en la pantalla y el ingreso
finaliza. Esto se usa t<>picamente para prevenir los ingresos cuando el
sistema se est<73> cerrando.
Si se han especificado restricciones de acceso para el usuario en
.IR /etc/usertty ,
estas son requeridas, o la petici<63>n de ingreso ser<65> denegada y se
generar<EFBFBD> un mensaje a trav<61>s de
.BR syslog .
Vea la secci<63>n "Restricciones de Acceso Especiales".
Si el usuario es root, entonces el ingreso debe estar ocurriendo en
alguno de los tty listados en
.IR /etc/securetty .
Los fallos ser<65>n registrados mediante
.BR syslog .
Despu<EFBFBD>s de comprobar estas condiciones, se pedir<69> la contrase<73>a y se
validar<EFBFBD> (si es que se requiere de una contrase<73>a para el usuario). Se
permite un total de diez intentos antes de que
.B login
muera, pero despu<70>s de los tres primeros, la respuesta comienza a ser muy
lenta. Los fallos de ingreso son registrados a trav<61>s de
.BR syslog .
Tambi<EFBFBD>n es usado para registrar cualquier ingreso correcto del usuario
root.
Si el fichero
.I .hushlogin
existe, entonces se realiza un ingreso "reservado" (esto deshabilita la
comprobaci<EFBFBD>n del correo y la escritura de la hora del <20>ltimo ingreso as<61>
como el mensaje del d<>a). Por otro lado, si existe
.IR /var/log/lastlog ,
la hora del <20>ltimo ingreso se imprime (y el ingreso actual es
registrado).
Se llevan a cabo algunas tareas administrativas, como el cambio del UID y
GID del tty. La variable de entorno TERM se preserva, si existe (las
otras variables de entorno son preservadas si se usa la opci<63>n
.BR \-p ).
Despu<EFBFBD>s son definidas las variables HOME, PATH, SHELL, TERM, MAIL y
LOGNAME. El PATH por defecto ser<65>
.I /usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:.
para usuarios normales, y
.I /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
para root. Por <20>ltimo, si no es un ingreso "reservado", el mensaje del
d<EFBFBD>a ser<65> imprimido y se comprobar<61> el fichero con el nombre del usuario en
.I /usr/spool/mail
y se imprimir<69> un mensaje si este tuviera un tama<6D>o diferente de cero.
A continuaci<63>n, se inicia el shell del usuario. Si no se especifica ninguno
para el usuario en
.BR /etc/passwd ,
entonces se usar<61>
.BR /bin/sh .
Si no hay un directorio especificado en
.IR /etc/passwd ,
entonces se usar<61>
.I /
(el directorio del usuario se analizar<61> en busca del fichero
.I .hushlogin
descrito m<>s abajo).
.SH OPCIONES
.TP
.B \-p
Usado por
.BR getty (8)
para indicar a
.B login
que no destruya el entorno
.TP
.B \-f
Usado para evitar la segunda autenticaci<63>n del ingreso. Esto
.B no
funciona espec<65>ficamente para root y no parece que funcione
correctamente bajo Linux.
.TP
.B \-h
Usado por otros servidores (por ejemplo,
.BR telnetd (8))
para pasar el nombre del host remoto a
.B login
de tal manera que pueda ser puesto en utmp y wtmp. Solo el superusuario
podr<EFBFBD> usar esta opci<63>n.
.SH "RESTRICCIONES DE ACCESO ESPECIALES"
El fichero
.I /etc/securetty
lista los nombres de los ttys donde se permite que el root pueda
ingresar. Deber<65> especificarse un nombre de tty por l<>nea (sin el prefijo
/dev/). Si el fichero no existiera, se permitir<69> su ingreso desde
cualquier tty.
.PP
El fichero
.I /etc/usertty
especifica restricciones de acceso adicionales para usuarios espec<65>ficos.
Si no existiera este fichero, no se impondr<64> ninguna restricci<63>n de
acceso adicional. El fichero consiste en una secuencia de secciones. Hay
tres tipos de secciones posibles: CLASSES, GROUPS y USERS. Una secci<63>n
de tipo CLASSES define tipos de ttys y patrones de nombres de hosts, una
secci<EFBFBD>n de tipo GROUPS define los ttys permitidos y los hosts grupo por
grupo y una secci<63>n USERS define los ttys permitidos y los hosts usuario
por usuario.
.PP
Cada l<>nea de este fichero no puede tener m<>s de 255 caracteres. Los
comentarios comienzan con un car<61>cter # y se extienden hasta el final de
la l<>nea.
.PP
.SS "La secci<63>n CLASSES"
Una secci<63>n de tipo CLASSES comienza por la palabra CLASSES al principio
de la l<>nea escrito en may<61>sculas. Cada una de las l<>neas hasta el
principio de una nueva secci<63>n o del final del fichero consiste en una
secuencia de palabras separadas pos tabuladores o espacios. Cada l<>nea
define una clase de ttys y patrones de hosts.
.PP
La palabra al principio de la l<>nea es tomada como el nombre colectivo
para los ttys y patrones de hosts especificados en el resto de la l<>nea.
Este nombre colectivo puede usarse en las siguientes secciones de tipo
GROUPS o USERS. No deber<65>a aparecer el nombre de una clase como parte de
la definici<63>n de una clase para evitar problemas de recursividad de
nombres.
.PP
Una secci<63>n CLASSES de ejemplo:
.PP
.nf
.in +.5
CLASSES
miclase1 tty1 tty2
miclase2 tty3 @.foo.com
.in -.5
.fi
.PP
Esto define las clases
.I miclase1
y
.I miclase2
como las partes derechas correspondientes.
.PP
.SS "La secci<63>n GROUPS"
Una secci<63>n GROUPS define los ttys y hosts permitidos para cada grupo
.I /etc/passwd
y
.I /etc/group
y ese grupo es mencionado en una secci<63>n de tipo GROUPS en
.I /etc/usertty
entonces el usuario tiene acceso permitido.
.PP
Una secci<63>n GROUPS comienza con la palabra GROUPS en may<61>sculas en el
principio de una l<>nea, y cada una de las siguientes l<>neas es una
secuencia de palabras separadas pos espacios o tabuladores. La primera
palabra de una l<>nea es el nombre del grupo, y el resto de las palabras
de la l<>nea especifican los ttys y hosts donde los miembros de ese grupo
tienen permitido el acceso. Estas especificaciones pueden comportar el
uso de las clases definidas en secciones CLASSES anteriores.
.PP
Un ejemplo de una secci<63>n GROUPS:
.PP
.nf
.in +0.5
GROUPS
sys tty1 @.bar.edu
stud miclase1 tty4
.in -0.5
.fi
.PP
Este ejemplo especifica que los miembros del grupo
.I sys
pueden ingresar en el tty1 y desde los hosts en el dominio bar.edu. Los
usuarios en el grupo
.I stud
pueden ingresar desde los hosts/ttys especificados en la clase miclase1 o
desde el tty4.
.PP
.SS "La secci<63>n USERS"
Una secci<63>n USERS comienza con la palabra USERS toda en may<61>sculas al
principio de la l<>nea, y cada una de las l<>neas siguientes es una
secuencia de palabras separadas por espacios o tabuladores. La primera
palabra de una l<>nea es un nombre de usuario y a ese usuario se le
permite ingresar en los ttys y desde los hosts mencionados en el resto de
la l<>nea. Estas especificaciones pueden contener clases definidas en
secciones CLASSES anteriores. Si no se especifica al principio del
fichero una cabecera de secci<63>n, por defecto la primera secci<63>n se
interpreta como del tipo USERS.
.PP
Una secci<63>n USERS de ejemplo:
.PP
.nf
.in +0.5
USERS
zacho tty1 @130.225.16.0/255.255.255.0
pepe tty3 miclase2
.in -0.5
.fi
.PP
Esto autoriza al usuario zacho a ingresar solo en el tty1 y desde los
hosts con direcciones IP en el rango 130.225.16.0 \- 130.225.16.255, y
tambi<EFBFBD>n autoriza al usuario pepe a ingresar en el tty3 y desde cualquier
parte mencionada en la clase miclase2.
.PP
Podr<EFBFBD> aparecer una l<>nea en la secci<63>n USERS que comience por un nombre
de usuario *. Esta es la regla por defecto y ser<65> aplicada a cualquier
usuario que no aparezca en ninguna de las otras l<>neas.
.PP
Si un usuario encaja con una l<>nea USERS y con una l<>nea GROUPS, el
usuario estar<61> autorizado a ingresar desde la uni<6E>n de todos los
ttys/hosts mencionados en estas especificaciones.
.SS Or<EFBFBD>genes
Las especificaciones de patrones de tty y host usadas en la
especificaci<EFBFBD>n de las clases, grupos y usuarios se llaman or<6F>genes. Un
origen es una cadena de caracteres que puede tener uno de estos formatos:
.IP o
El nombre de un dispositivo tty sin el prefijo /dev/, por ejemplo tty1 o
ttyS0.
.PP
.IP o
La cadena @localhost, indicando que el usuario est<73> autorizado a
telnet/rlogin desde el host local al mismo host. Esto tambi<62>n habilita al
usuario a ejecutar, por ejemplo, el comando: xterm -e /bin/login.
.PP
.IP o
Un sufijo de nombre de dominio como @.algun.dom, indicando que el usuario
podr<EFBFBD> hacer rlogin/telnet desde cualquier host cuyo nombre de dominio
tenga el sufijo .algun.dom.
.PP
.IP o
Un rango de direcciones IPv4, escritas @x.x.x.x/y.y.y.y donde x.x.x.x es
la direcci<63>n IP en la notaci<63>n decimal tradicional con puntos, e y.y.y.y
es una m<>scara de bits en la misma notaci<63>n especificando cuales de los
bits de la direcci<63>n ser<65>n comparados con la direcci<63>n IP del host
remoto. Por ejemplo @130.255.16.0/255.255.254.0 significa que el usuario
podr<EFBFBD> hacer rlogin/telnet desde cualquier host cuya direcci<63>n IP est<73> en
el rango 130.255.16.0 \- 130.255.17.255.
.PP
Cualquiera de los or<6F>genes anteriores pueden tener un prefijo con la
especificaci<EFBFBD>n temporal acordando con la sintaxis:
.PP
.nf
espec-tiempo ::= '[' <d<>a-u-hora> [':' <d<>a-u-hora>]* ']'
d<EFBFBD>a ::= 'mon' | 'tue' | 'wed' | 'thu' | 'fri' | 'sat' | 'sun'
hora ::= '0' | '1' | ... | '23'
espec-hora ::= <hora> | <hora> '\-' <hora>
d<EFBFBD>a-u-hora ::= <d<>a> | <espec-hora>
.fi
.PP
Por ejemplo, el origen [mon:tue:wed:thu:fri:8\-17]tty3 significa que solo
se permitir<69>n ingresos de lunes a viernes entre las 8:00 y las 17:59
(5:59 pm) en el tty3. Esto tambi<62>n muestra que un rango de horas a\-b
incluye todo momento entre a:00 y b:59. Una sola hora (por ejemplo 10)
significar<EFBFBD> un espacio temporal entre las 10:00 y las 10:59.
.PP
Si no se especifica ning<6E>n prefijo temporal para un tty o host significar<61>
que se permitir<69> el ingreso desde ese origen a cualquier hora. Si da un
prefijo temporal aseg<65>rese de especificar tanto el conjunto de d<>as como
una o m<>s horas o rango de horas. Una especificaci<63>n de tiempo no puede
incluir espacios en blanco.
.PP
Si no se define ninguna regla por defecto entonces los usuarios que no
concuerden con ninguna l<>nea de
.I /etc/usertty
est<EFBFBD> autorizados para ingresar desde cualquier lugar en la manera
est<EFBFBD>ndar.
.PP
.SH FICHEROS
.nf
.I /var/run/utmp
.I /var/log/wtmp
.I /var/log/lastlog
.I /usr/spool/mail/*
.I /etc/motd
.I /etc/passwd
.I /etc/nologin
.I /etc/usertty
.I .hushlogin
.fi
.SH "V<>ASE TAMBI<42>N"
.BR init (8),
.BR getty (8),
.BR mail (1),
.BR passwd (1),
.BR passwd (5),
.BR environ (7),
.BR shutdown (8)
.SH FALLOS
Linux, a diferencia de otros sistemas operativos draconianos, no comprueba
las cuotas.
La opci<63>n no documentada
.B \-r
de BSD no est<73> soportada. Esta podr<64>a ser requerida por alg<6C>n programa
.BR rlogind (8)
.
.SH AUTOR
Derivado de login 5.40 de BSD (5/9/89) por Michael Glad (glad@daimi.dk)
para HP-UX
.br
Portado a Linux 0.12: Peter Orbaek (poe@daimi.aau.dk)

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.\" Copyright 1992 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License
.\"
.\" Translated 2 Dec 1998 by Victor Moral (victor@venexma.es)
.\"
.TH PASSWD 1 "11 Noviembre 1996" "Util-linux 2.6" "Manual del Programador Linux"
.SH NOMBRE
passwd \- cambia contrase<73>as
.SH SINOPSIS
.BR "passwd"
.RB [ " \-o " ]
.RB [ " \-q " ]
.RB [ " \-v " ]
.RI [ " usuario " [ " contrase<73>a " ]]
.br
.BR "passwd \-f "
.RI [ " par<61>metros para el cambio de nombre completo del usuario " ]
.br
.BR "passwd \-s "
.RI [ " par<61>metros para el cambio de shell " ]
.SH DESCRIPCI<EFBFBD>N
Cuando se utiliza sin par<61>metros
.B passwd
cambia la contrase<73>a para el usuario que lo invoca. Primero le exigir<69>
la contrase<73>a vigente, y a continuaci<63>n pedir<69> dos veces la nueva para
prevenir errores de escritura.
La invocaci<63>n del programa con los par<61>metros
.IR usuario
y
.IR contrase<EFBFBD>a
s<EFBFBD>lo puede realizarse desde la cuenta de superusuario.
Utilizando la invocaci<63>n s<>lo con el par<61>metro
.IR usuario
, el
superusuario puede cambiar la contrase<73>a para ese
.IR usuario .
En este caso no se exige al superusuario la contrase<73>a vigente para el usuario,
pero las reglas para validar contrase<73>as se siguen aplicando a menos que se
utilice la opci<63>n
.B "\-o".
El superusuario puede tener razones leg<65>timas para elegir una contrase<73>a no
conforme a las reglas.
El uso de los dos par<61>metros asigna al
.IR usuario " la " contrase<EFBFBD>a
indicada en el segundo par<61>metro. Puede ser <20>til cuando se debe dar a muchos
usuarios una contrase<73>a inicial predefinida. Pero tambi<62>n puede ser
extremadamente peligroso. Un simple fallo en un programa podr<64>a cambiar la
contrase<EFBFBD>a del superusuario (root) a cualquier cosa desconocida.
Indicar una cadena vac<61>a como el segundo par<61>metro borra la contrase<73>a para
el usuario, pero s<>lo en combinaci<63>n de la opci<63>n
.B "\-o".
Los cambios de contrase<73>a pueden registrarse utilizando el servicio
.BR syslog (3),
dependiendo de las definiciones hechas en tiempo de compilaci<63>n del programa
(estando esta caracter<65>stica activa por omisi<73>n).
Si es as<61>, todos los cambios se registrar<61>n a un nivel bajo como auth.notice,
excepto para cambiar la contrase<73>a del superusuario (root); en este caso se
registrar<EFBFBD>n con nivel auth.warning.
.SH OPCIONES
.TP
.B "\-f, \-\-fullname"
Cambia el nombre completo del usuario (el campo GECOS del registro de
contrase<EFBFBD>as). Invoca el programa /usr/bin/chfn utilizando los par<61>metros
que ha recibido que no son opciones.
.TP
.B "\-o, \-\-force"
Desactiva las verificaciones de validaci<63>n sobre la nueva contrase<73>a . S<>lo
puede ser utilizada por el superusuario, y est<73> pensado para permitirle
asignar contrase<73>as iniciales simples.
.TP
.B "\-s, \-\-shell"
Cambia el shell del usuario mediante la invocaci<63>n del programa /usr/bin/chsh
con los par<61>metros recibidos que no son opciones.
.TP
.B "\-q, \-\-quiet, \-\-silent"
En este modo de funcionamiento passwd no indica que la contrase<73>a se haya
cambiado.
.TP
.B "\-v, \-V, \-\-version"
Muestra informaci<63>n acerca de la versi<73>n del programa y finaliza.
.SH REGLAS DE CONTRASE<EFBFBD>AS
La nueva contrase<73>a debe cumplir estas reglas:
.TP
o
tener como m<>nimo seis caracteres;
.TP
o
no ser igual a la contrase<73>a anterior;
.TP
o
contener caracteres que pertenezcan, como m<>nimo, a dos de las
siguientes categor<6F>as: may<61>sculas y min<69>sculas, d<>gitos y caracteres no
alfanum<EFBFBD>ricos;
.TP
o
no debe coincidir ni con el nombre del usuario, ni con ninguna de las palabras
que forman su nombre completo (real), tanto en orden normal como inverso, ni
al principio ni al final.
.SH FALLOS (BUGS)
Si cambia de opini<6E>n no hay escape del programa. Insistir<69> en obtener una
contrase<EFBFBD>a nueva hasta que sea muerto (mediante kill) desde otro terminal.
(Esto es provocado por un fallo en getpass(3): e ignora las se<73>ales.)
.SH FICHEROS
.TP
.I /etc/passwd
El archivo que contiene las contrase<73>as.
.SH "V<>ASE TAMBI<42>N"
.BR chsh (1),
.BR chfn (1),
.BR syslog (3),
.BR syslog.conf (5),
.BR passwd (8).
.SH AUTOR
Peter Orbaek (poe@daimi.aau.dk).
.br
Martin Schulze (joey@infodrom.north.de) con extensas mejoras y reescrituras.
.br
.SH MANTENIMIENTO
Nicolai Langfeldt (janl@math.uio.no)

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.\" -*- nroff -*-
.\"Translated 21 Jul 1998 by Javi Diaz (javid@si.upc.es)
.TH SU 1 "Utilidades Shell de GNU" "FSF"
.SH NOMBRE
su \- ejecuta una shell con identificadores de grupo y de usuario distintos
.SH SINOPSIS
.B su
[\-flmp] [\-c comando] [\-s shell] [\-\-login] [\-\-fast]
[\-\-preserve-environment] [\-\-command=comando] [\-\-shell=shell] [\-]
[\-\-help] [\-\-version] [usuario [arg...]]
.SH DESCRIPCI<EFBFBD>N
Este documento ya no es mantenido y puede ser impreciso o incompleto. La
documentaci<EFBFBD>n de Texinfo es ahora la fuente de informaci<63>n recomendada.
.PP
Esta p<>gina del manual documenta la versi<73>n GNU de
.BR su .
.B su
permite a un usuario convertirse temporalmente en otro usuario. Se ejecuta
una shell con los identificadores reales y efectivos, el identificador de
grupo, y los identificadores suplementarios del grupo del USUARIO. Si no se
especifica ning<6E>n USUARIO, por defecto se usa root, el superusuario.
La shell a ejecutar se toma de la entrada correspondiente al USUARIO en el
fichero de passwords, o /bin/sh si no se especifica ninguna en dicho fichero.
Si el USUARIO tiene password,
.B su
lo solicitar<61>, a menos que sea ejecutado por el usuario con identificador real
0 (el superusuario).
.PP
Por defecto,
.B su
no cambia el directorio actual.
.B su
modifica las variables de entorno `HOME' y `SHELL' de acuerdo con la entrada
del fichero de passwords correspondiente al USUARIO, y si el USUARIO no es el
superusuario, coloca en las variables `USER' y `LOGNAME' el valor de USUARIO.
Por defecto, la shell ejecutada no es una shell de entrada al sistema.
.PP
Si se facilitan uno o m<>s ARGs, estos son pasados como argumentos adicionales
a la shell ejecutada.
.PP
.B su
no ejecuta de manera especial /bin/sh u otras shells (colocando en argv[0] el
valor "-su", pasando -c <20>nicamente a algunas shells, etc.).
.PP
En sistemas que utilicen syslog,
.B su
puede ser compilado para reportar fallo, y opcionalmente <20>xito en syslog.
.B su
intentar<EFBFBD> utilizar syslog.
.PP
Este programa no soporta el grupo "wheel", el cual restringe quien podr<64>
ejecutar
.B su
hacia la cuenta de root (el superusuario) ya que esta pol<6F>tica podr<64>a
ayudar a los administradores de m<>quinas a facilitar un uso inadecuado a otros
usuarios.
.SS OPCIONES
.TP
.I "\-c COMANDO, \-\-command=COMANDO"
Pasa el COMANDO, una <20>nica l<>nea a ejecutar, a la shell con la opci<63>n
.I \-c
en vez de ejecutar una shell interactiva.
.TP
.I "\-f, \-\-fast"
Pasa la opci<63>n
.I \-f
a la shell. Esto probablemente tiene sentido con
.B csh
y
.BR tcsh ,
en estos casos la opci<63>n
.I \-f
indica que no se lean los ficheros de arranque de la shell (.cshrc).
Con las shells del estilo Bourne shell, la opci<63>n
.I \-f
deshabilita la expansi<73>n de los patrones de fichero, la cual cosa no es
demasiado deseable.
.TP
.I "\-\-help"
Escribe un mensaje sobre el uso en la salida est<73>ndar y acaba sin
provocar error.
.TP
.I "\-, \-l, \-\-login"
Provoca que la shell a ejecutar sea una shell de login. Lo cual significa que
se eliminan del entorno todas las variables excepto `TERM', `HOME' y `SHELL'
(las cuales se modifican como se explic<69> anteriormente) y `USER'y `LOGNAME'
(que se modifican, incluso para el superusuario, como se explic<69> anteriormente),
la variable `PATH' se a<>ade al entorno con el valor por defecto que se
estableci<EFBFBD> al compilar
.B su
, adem<65>s de los cambios anteriores,
.B su
cambia al directorio por defecto del USUARIO. Si se antepone "\-" al nombre de
la shell a ejecutar, se leer<65>n los ficheros de arraque pertinentes.
.TP
.I "\-m, \-p, \-\-preserve\-environment"
No se cambian las variables de entorno `HOME', `USER', `LOGNAME' ni `SHELL'.
Se ejecuta la shell especificada en la variable de entorno `SHELL' en vez
de la shell que indique la entrada para el USUARIO en el fichero /etc/passwd,
a menos que el usuario que ejecute
.B su
no sea el superusuario y la shell del USUARIO est<73> restringida.
Una shell restringida es aquella que no est<73> listada en el fichero /etc/shells
o en una lista generada al compilar
.B su
si dicho fichero no existe. Algunos detalles de lo que hace esta opci<63>n pueden
ser invalidadas mediante la opci<63>n
.I \-\-login
y
.IR \-\-shell .
.TP
.I "\-s, \-\-shell shell"
Ejecuta la SHELL en vez de la shell del USUARIO especificada en el fichero
\fI/etc/passwd\fR, a menos que el usuario que ejecute
.B su
no sea el superusuario y la shell del USUARIO est<73> restringida.
.TP
.I "\-\-version"
Escribe informaci<63>n sobre la versi<73>n en la salida est<73>ndar y acaba sin
provocar error.
.SH Por que GNU no soporta el grupo "wheel" (por Richard Stallman)
A veces, algunos listillos intentan hacerse con el poder total
sobre el resto de usuarios. Por ejemplo, en 1984, un grupo de usuarios del
laboratorio de Inteligencia Artificial del MIT decidieron tomar el poder
cambiando el password de operador del sistema Twenex y manteniendolo secreto
para el resto de usuarios. (De todas maneras, hubiera sido posible desbaratar
la situaci<63>n y devolver el control a los usuarios leg<65>timos parcheando el
kernel, pero no sabr<62>a como realizar esta operaci<63>n en un sistema Unix.)
.PP
Sin embargo, casualmente alguien cont<6E> el secreto. Mediante el uso habitual de
.B su
una vez que alguien conoce el password de root puede contarselo al resto de
usuarios. El grupo "wheel" har<61> que esto sea imposible, protegiendo as<61> el poder
de los superusuarios.
.PP
Yo estoy del lado de las masas, no de los superusuarios. Si eres de los que
estan de acuerdo con los jefes y los administradores de sistemas en cualquier
cosa que hagan, al principio encontrar<61>s esta idea algo extra<72>a.

View File

@@ -16,3 +16,5 @@ man_MANS = \
useradd.8 \
userdel.8 \
usermod.8
EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS)

View File

@@ -169,6 +169,8 @@ man_MANS = \
userdel.8 \
usermod.8
EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS)
subdir = man/fr
ACLOCAL_M4 = $(top_srcdir)/aclocal.m4
mkinstalldirs = $(SHELL) $(top_srcdir)/mkinstalldirs

1
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
.so man8/useradd.8

113
man/fr/chage.1 Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
.\" Copyright 1990 - 1994 Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $Id: chage.1,v 1.2 2003/04/26 13:24:12 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.TH CHAGE 1 "1 Novembre 2001"
.SH NOM
chage \- Changer les informations d'expiration du mot de passe d'un
utilisateur.
.SH SYNOPSIS
.TP 6
\fBchage\fR
[\fB-m \fImin\fR] [\fB-M \fImax\fR]
[\fB-d \fIdernier\fR] [\fB-I \fIinactive\fR]
.br
[\fB-E \fIexpire\fR] [\fB-W \fIalerte\fR] \fIutilisateur\fR
.TP 6
\fBchage\fR
\fB-l\fR \fIutilisateur\fR
.SH DESCRIPTION
\fBchage\fR modifie le nombre de jours entre les changements de mot de passe
ainsi que la date du dernier changement.
Cette information est utilis<69>e par le syst<73>me pour d<>terminer quand un
utilisateur doit changer son mot de passe.
La commande \fBchage\fR est r<>serv<72>e au Super-utilisateur, sauf pour l'option
\fB-l\fR, qui peut <20>tre utilis<69>e par un utilisateur non privil<69>gi<67> pour savoir
quand son mot de passe ou sont compte doit expirer.
.PP
Avec l'option \fB-m\fR, la valeur de \fImin\fR repr<70>sente le nombre minimum
de jours entre chaque changement de mot de passe.
Une valeur de z<>ro pour ce champ indique que l'utilisateur peut changer
son mot de passe n'importe quand.
.PP
Avec l'option \fB-M\fR, la valeur de \fImax\fR repr<70>sente le nombre maximum
de jours pendant lesquels un mot de passe est valide.
Quand \fImax\fR plus \fIdernier\fR est inf<6E>rieur <20> la date courante,
l'utilisateur est oblig<69> de changer son mot de passe avant de pouvoir
utiliser son compte.
Cet <20>v<EFBFBD>nement peut <20>tre d<>clench<63> plus t<>t gr<67>ce <20> l'option \fB-W\fR
qui pr<70>vient l'utilisateur <20> l'avance avec un message d'alerte.
.PP
Avec l'option \fB-d\fR, la valeur \fIdernier\fR est le num<75>ro du
jour depuis le 1er Janvier 1970, o<> le mot de passe a <20>t<EFBFBD> chang<6E> la
derni<EFBFBD>re fois.
La date peut aussi <20>tre exprim<69>e dans le format YYYY-MM-DD (ou le format
utilis<EFBFBD> plus commun<75>ment dans votre r<>gion).
.PP
L'option \fB-E\fR est utilis<69>e pour d<>finir une date <20> partir de laquelle
le compte de l'utilisateur ne sera plus accessible.
La valeur \fIexpire\fR est le num<75>ro du jour depuis le 1er Janvier 1970
apr<EFBFBD>s lequel le compte sera bloqu<71>.
La date peut aussi <20>tre exprim<69>e dans un format YYYY-MM-DD (ou le format
plus commun<75>ment utilis<69> dans votre r<>gion).
Un utilisateur dont le compte est bloqu<71> doit contacter l'administrateur
syst<EFBFBD>me pour pouvoir utiliser le syst<73>me <20> nouveau.
.PP
L'option \fB-I\fR est utilis<69>e pour d<>finir le nombre de jours d'inactivit<69>,
apr<EFBFBD>s qu'un mot de passe a expir<69>, avant que le compte ne soit bloqu<71>.
Un utilisateur dont le compte est bloqu<71> doit contacter l'administrateur
syst<EFBFBD>me avant de pouvoir utiliser le syst<73>me <20> nouveau.
La valeur \fIinactive\fR est le nombre de jours d'inactivit<69>. Une valeur
de 0 d<>sactive cette fonction.
.PP
L'option \fB-W\fR est utilis<69>e pour d<>finir le nombre de jours d'alerte
avant que le changement de mot de passe ne soit obligatoire.
La valeur \fIalerte\fR est le nombre de jours pr<70>c<EFBFBD>dent l'expiration
pendant lesquels un utilisateur sera pr<70>venu que son mot de passe est
sur le point d'expirer.
.PP
Toutes les valeurs ci-dessus sont stock<63>es au jour pr<70>s quand le fichier
<EFBFBD>\~shadow password\~<EFBFBD> est utilis<69>, mais sont converties en semaines
quand le fichier de mots de passe standard est utilis<69>.
<EFBFBD> cause de cette conversion, des erreurs d'arrondis peuvent appara<72>tre.
.PP
Si aucune de ces options n'est donn<6E>e, \fBchage\fR utilise un mode
interactif, demandant confirmation <20> l'utilisateur pour les valeurs de tous
les champs. Entrez la nouvelle valeur pour changer la valeur du champ, ou
laissez la ligne vide pour utiliser la valeur courante.
La valeur courante est affich<63>e entre crochets.
.SH FICHIERS
\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- informations des comptes utilisateurs.
.br
\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- fichier <20>\~shadow password\~<EFBFBD>.
.SH VOIR AUSSI
.BR passwd (5),
.BR shadow (5)
.SH TRADUCTION
Olivier Marin, 2001.

65
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@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
.\" Copyright 1991, Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $Id: chpasswd.8,v 1.1 2002/03/10 07:41:04 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.TH CHPASSWD 8
.SH NOM
\fBchpasswd\fR - met <20> jour le fichier de mots de passe par lot
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fBchpasswd [-e]\fR
.SH DESCRIPTION
\fBchpasswd\fR lit un fichier contenant des paires de nom d'utilisateur
et mot de passe depuis l'entr<74>e standard et utilise cette information
pour mettre <20> jour un groupe d'utilisateurs existants. Sans l'option -e,
les mots de passe fournis doivent <20>tre en clair. Si l'option -e est
utilis<EFBFBD>e, les mots de passe doivent <20>tre fournis crypt<70>s. Chaque ligne
est au format
.sp 1
\fInom_d_utilisateur\fR:\fImot_de_passe\fR
.sp 1
L'utilisateur doit exister.
Le mot de passe fourni sera crypt<70> si n<>cessaire, et l'<27>ge du mot de passe
sera mis <20> jour, s'il est pr<70>sent.
.PP
Cette commande est destin<69>e <20> <20>tre utilis<69>e dans un environnement o<> de nombreux
comptes sont cr<63><72>s en m<>me temps.
.SH AVERTISSEMENTS
.\" The \fBmkpasswd\fR command must be executed afterwards to update the
.\" DBM password files.
Le fichier d'entr<74>e doit <20>tre correctement prot<6F>g<EFBFBD> s'il contient des mots de
passe en clair.
.\" This command may be discarded in favor of the newusers(8) command.
.SH VOIR AUSSI
.\" mkpasswd(8), passwd(1), useradd(1)
.BR passwd (1),
.BR useradd (8),
.BR newusers (8)
.SH AUTEUR
Julianne Frances Haugh <jfh@austin.ibm.com>
.SH TRADUCTION
Amand Tihon <amand@alrj.org>

57
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@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
.\"
.\" chsh.1 -- change your login shell
.\" (c) 1994 by salvatore valente <svalente@athena.mit.edu>
.\"
.\" this program is free software. you can redistribute it and
.\" modify it under the terms of the gnu general public license.
.\" there is no warranty.
.\"
.\" $Author: kloczek $
.\" $Revision: 1.1 $
.\" $Date: 2002/03/10 07:41:04 $
.\"
.\" Traduction 22/04/1997 par Christophe Blaess (ccb@club-internet.fr)
.\"
.TH CHSH 1 "22 Avril 1997" Linux "Manuel de l'utilisateur Linux"
.SH NOM
chsh \- Changer le shell appel<65> <20> la connexion.
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B chsh
[\ \-s\ shell\ ] [\ \-l\ ] [\ \-u\ ] [\ \-v\ ] [\ utilisateur\ ]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B chsh
est invoqu<71> pour changer le shell qui est appel<65> lors de la connexion de
l'utilisateur.
Si aucun shell n'est mentionn<6E> sur la ligne de commande,
.B chsh
va en r<>clamer un.
.SH SHELLS VALIDES
.B chsh
acceptera le nom complet (avec chemin d'acc<63>s) de tout fichier ex<65>cutable
sur le syst<73>me. N<>anmoins, il affichera un message d'avertissement si le
shell n'est pas mentionn<6E> dans le fichier
.IR /etc/shells .
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
.I "\-s, \-\-shell"
Indiquer le shell de connexion d<>sir<69>.
.TP
.I "\-l, \-\-list-shells"
Afficher la liste des shells mentionn<6E>s dans
.I /etc/shells
puis quitter.
.TP
.I "\-u, \-\-help"
Afficher un message d'aide puis quitter.
.TP
.I "-v, \-\-version"
Afficher un num<75>ro de version, puis quitter.
.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
.BR login (1),
.BR passwd (5),
.BR shells (5)
.SH AUTEURS
Salvatore Valente <svalente@mit.edu>
.SH TRADUCTION
Christophe Blaess, 1997.

60
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@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
.\" Copyright 1989 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.TH FAILLOG 5
.SH NOM
faillog \- Fichier de trace d'<27>checs de login
.SH DESCRIPTION
.I faillog
maintient le d<>compte des <20>checs de login et la limite associ<63>s <20>
chaque compte. Ce fichier est <20> enregistrements de taille fixe,
index<EFBFBD>s par l'UID num<75>rique. Chaque enregistrement contient le nombre
d'<27>checs de login depuis la derni<6E>re r<>ussite, le nombre maximum
d'<27>checs avant que le compte ne soit d<>sactiv<69>, la ligne sur laquelle
le dernier <20>chec de login a eu lieu et la date du dernier <20>chec de
login\&.
.PP
La structure des enregistrements est la suivante\ :
.DS
struct faillog {
short fail_cnt;
short fail_max;
char fail_line[12];
time_t fail_time;
};
.DE
.SH FICHIERS
\ I/var/log/faillog\ R \- Fichier de trace d'<27>checs de login
.SH VOIR AUSSI
.BR faillog (8)
.SH AUTEUR
Julianne Frances Haugh <jfh@austin.ibm.com>
.SH TRADUCTION
Pascal Terjan <CMoi@tuxfamily.org>

69
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@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
.\" Copyright 1996, Rafal Maszkowski, rzm@pdi.net
.\" All rights reserved. You can redistribute this man page and/or
.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
.\" License, or (at your option) any later version.
.\"
.\" $Id: gpasswd.1,v 1.2 2003/04/26 13:24:12 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.TH GPASSWD 1
.SH NOM
gpasswd \- administre le fichier /etc/group
.br
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B gpasswd \fIgroupe\fR
.br
.B gpasswd
.B -a
\fIutilisateur\fR \fIgroupe\fR
.br
.B gpasswd
.B -d
\fIutilisateur\fR \fIgroupe\fR
.br
.B gpasswd
.B -R
\fIgroupe\fR
.br
.B gpasswd
.B -r
\fIgroupe\fR
.br
.B gpasswd
.RB [ -A
\fIutilisateur\fR,...]
.RB [ -M
\fIutilisateur\fR,...]
\fIgroupe\fR
.br
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B gpasswd
est utilis<69> pour administrer le fichier /etc/group (ainsi que le fichier /etc/gshadow
si l'option SHADOWGRP a <20>t<EFBFBD> d<>finie lors de la compilation).
Chaque groupe peut avoir des administrateurs, des membres ainsi qu'un mot de passe.
Les administrateurs syst<73>mes poss<73>dent les droits d'administrateur de groupe et de membre, il peuvent utiliser l'option \fB-A\fR pour d<>finir le(s) administrateur(s) de groupe et l'option \fB-M\fR pour en d<>finir les membres
.PP
Un administrateur de groupe peut ajouter ou supprimer des utilisateurs en utilisant respectivement les options \fB-a\fR et \fB-d\fR . Les administrateurs peuvent utiliser l'option \fB-r\fR pour supprimer le mot de passe d'un groupe. Lorsque aucun mot de passe n'est d<>fini, seul les membres d'un groupe peuvent utiliser
.BR newgrp (1)
pour en faire partie. L'option \fB-R\fR d<>sactive l'acc<63>s au groupe via la commande
.BR newgrp (1)
.PP
.B gpasswd
ex<EFBFBD>cut<EFBFBD> par un administrateur de groupe suivit d'un nom de groupe, affiche simplement l'invite de changement de mot de passe du groupe. Si un mot de passe est d<>fini alors seul les membres du groupe peuvent utiliser la commande
.BR newgrp (1)
sans entrer de mot de passe, les non-membres doivent le fournir.
.SH FICHIERS
\fI/etc/group\fR \- Identification des groupes
.br
\fI/etc/gshadow\fR \- Identification masqu<71>e des groupes
.SH VOIR AUSSI
.BR newgrp (1),
.BR groupadd (8),
.BR groupdel (8),
.BR groupmod (8),
.BR grpck (8)
.br
.SH TRADUCTION
Maxime Mastin, 2001.

37
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@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
.\" Traduction 09/01/1997 par Christophe Blaess (ccb@club-internet.fr)
.\"
.TH GROUPS 1L "9 Janvier 1997" FSF "Manuel de l'utilisateur Linux"
.SH NOM
groups \- Afficher les groupes auxquels appartient un utilisateur.
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B groups
[utilisateur...]
.br
.B groups
{\-\-help,\-\-version}
.SH DESCRIPTION
Cette page de manuel documente la version GNU de
.BR groups .
.B groups
affiche le noms des groupes suppl<70>mentaires de chaque
.IR utilisateur
indiqu<EFBFBD>, ou ceux du processus en cours si rien n'est pr<EFBFBD>cis<EFBFBD>.
Si plusieurs utilisateurs sont mentionn<6E>s, le nom de chacun d'entre
eux est affich<63> avant la liste de ses groupes.
.PP
La liste des groupes est <20>quivalente au r<>sultat de la commande `id \-Gn'.
.SS OPTIONS
Quand la version GNU de
.B groups
est invoqu<71>e avec un seul argument, les options suivantes sont reconnues :
.TP
.I "\-\-help"
Afficher un message d'aide sur la sortie standard et terminer normalement.
.TP
.I "\-\-version"
Afficher un num<75>ro de version sur la sortie standard et terminer normalement.
.SH TRADUCTION
Christophe Blaess, 1997.

32
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@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
.\" Original author unknown. This man page is in the public domain.
.\" Modified Sat Oct 9 17:46:48 1993 by faith@cs.unc.edu
.TH NEWGRP 1 "9 October 1993" "Linux 1.2" "Manuel du Programmeur Linux"
.SH NOM
newgrp \- se connecter sous un nouveau groupe
.SH SYNOPSIS
.BI "newgrp [ " groupe " ]"
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B Newgrp
change le groupe de l'appelant, de la m<>me mani<6E>re que
.BR login (1).
Le m<>me utilisateur reste connect<63>, et le r<>pertoire courant
reste inchang<6E>, mais l'<27>valuation des droits d'acc<63>s aux fichiers
se fait en fonction du nouvel identifiant de groupe.
.LP
Si aucun groupe n'est sp<73>cifi<66>, le GID est <20>chang<6E> pour celui du login initial.
.LP
.SH FICHIERS
.I /etc/group
.br
.I /etc/passwd
.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
.BR login "(1), " group (5)
.SH AUTEUR
Version originale par Michael Haardt. D<>sormais maintenu par
Peter Orbaek (poe@daimi.aau.dk).
.SH TRADUCTION
S<EFBFBD>bastien Mah<61>, 2001

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.\" Copyright Red Hat Software, Inc., 1998, 1999.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, and the entire permission notice in its entirety,
.\" including the disclaimer of warranties.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
.\" products derived from this software without specific prior
.\" written permission.
.\"
.\" ALTERNATIVELY, this product may be distributed under the terms of
.\" the GNU Public License, in which case the provisions of the GPL are
.\" required INSTEAD OF the above restrictions. (This clause is
.\" necessary due to a potential bad interaction between the GPL and
.\" the restrictions contained in a BSD-style copyright.)
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
.\" WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
.\" DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
.\" INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
.\" (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
.\" SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
.\" STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
.\" OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) Cristian Gafton, 1998, <gafton@redhat.com>
.\"
.\" Traduction 21/08/2000 par Fr<46>d<EFBFBD>ric Delanoy (fdelanoy@info.fundp.ac.be)
.\"
.TH PASSWD 1 "21 Ao<41>t 2000" PAM "Manuel de l'utilisateur Linux"
.SH NOM
passwd \- mettre <20> jour les marques d'authentification d'un utilisateur.
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B passwd [-k] [-l] [-u [-f]] [-d] [-S] [nom_utilisateur]
.sp 2
.SH DESCRIPTION
Passwd est utilis<69> pour mettre <20> jour la (les) marque(s) d'authentification d'un utilisateur. Passwd est configur<75> pour travailler gr<67>ce <20> l'
.BR "API Linux-PAM" ". "
Il s'initialise principalement en tant que service "passwd" avec
.I Linux-PAM
et utilise les modules
.I "password"
configur<EFBFBD>s pour authentifier et ensuite mettre <20> jour le mot de passe d'un utilisateur.
.sp
Une entr<74>e du fichier de configuration de
.I Linux-PAM
pour ce service serait :
.br
.br
#
.br
# entr<74>e de service de mot de passe effectuant une
.br
# v<>rification de force d'un mot de passe
.br
# propos<6F> avant de le mettre <20> jour.
.br
#
.br
passwd password requisite \\
.br
/usr/lib/security/pam_cracklib.so retry=3
.br
passwd password required \\
.br
/usr/lib/security/pam_pwdb.so use_authtok
.br
#
.sp
Notez qu'aucun autre type de module n'est requis pour le fonctionnement correct de cette application.
.SH OPTIONS
.IP \fB-k\fR
L'option,
.BR -k ", "
est utilis<69>e pour indiquer que la mise <20> jour ne devrait <20>tre effectu<74>e que pour les marques d'identifications (mots de passe); l'utilisateur conserve ses marques non expir<69>s.
.IP \fB-l\fR
Cette option est utilis<69> pour verrouiller le compte sp<73>cifi<66>, et n'est disponible que pour root. Le verrouillage est effecut<75> en rendant le mot de passe crypt<70> invalide (en le pr<70>fixant par un !).
.IP \fB--stdin\fR
Cette option est utilis<69>e pour indiquer que \fBpasswd\fR doit lire le nouveau mot de passe <20> partir de l'entr<74>e standard, qui peut <20>tre un tube.
.IP \fB-u\fR
L'inverse de l'option pr<70>c<EFBFBD>dente - il d<>verrouillera le mot de passe du compte en supprimant le pr<70>fixe "!". Cette option n'est disponible que pour root. Par d<>faut, \fBpasswd\fR refusera de cr<63>er un compte sans mot de passe associ<63> (il ne d<>verrouillera pas un compte contenant uniquement ! pour mot de passe). L'option \fB-f\fR outrepassera cette protection.
.IP \fB-d\fR
C'est une fa<66>on rapide pour d<>sactiver un mot de passe pour un compte. Il supprimera le besoin du mot de passe pour un compte donn<6E>. Disponible uniquement pour root.
.IP \fB-S\fR
Cela affiche une information courte sur le statut du mot de passe pour un compte donn<6E>. Disponible uniquement pour root.
.SH "Rappelez-vous les deux principes suivants"
.IP \fBProt<EFBFBD>gez\ votre\ mot de passe.\fR
N'<27>crivez nulle part votre mot de passe - m<>morisez-le. En particulier, ne le laissez pas n'importe o<> et ne le placez pas non plus dans un fichier non crypt<70> ! Utilisez des mots de passe non reli<6C>s sur des syst<73>mes contr<74>l<EFBFBD>s par diff<66>rentes organisations. Ne divulguez ni ne partagez votre mot de passe, en particulier <20> quelqu'un disant pr<70>tendant faire partie d'un support technique, ou <20> un vendeur. Ne laissez personne regarder votre mot de passe pendant que vous le tapez. N'entrez pas votre mot de passe sur un ordinateur auquel vous ne faites pas confiance, ou si les "choses" ont l'air amusantes; quelqu'un pourrait <20>tre en train d'essayer de d<>tourner votre mot de passe. Utilisez votre mot de passe pour une p<>riode limit<69>e et modifiez-le p<>riodiquement.
.IP \fBChoisisser un mot de passe difficile <EFBFBD> deviner.\fR
.I passwd
essaiera de vous emp<6D>cher de choisir un mot de passe r<>ellemnt mauvais, mais il n'est pas infaillible; cr<63>ez votre mot de passe sagement. N'utilisez rien que vous pouvez trouver dans un dictionnaire (dans n'importe quel langue ou jargon). N'utilisez pas de nom (incluant celui d'un conjoint, d'un parent, d'un enfant, d'un animal domestique, d'un personnage imaginaire, d'un personnage c<>l<EFBFBD>bre, ou d'un endroit connu), ou de variation sur votre nom personnel ou de compte. N'utilisez aucune information personnelle qui soit accessible (comme votre num<75>ro de t<>l<EFBFBD>phone, votre plaque d'immatriculation ou votre num<75>ro de s<>curit<69> sociale), ou sur les personnes de votre entourage. N'utilisez pas une date d'anniversaire ou un motif simple comme "azerty", "qwerty", "abc" ou "aaa"). N'utilisez aucun <20>l<EFBFBD>ment cit<69> ci-dessus suivi ou pr<70>c<EFBFBD>d<EFBFBD> par un chiffre. Au lieu de cela, utilisez un m<>lange de lettres minuscules et majuscules, de chiffres et de signes de ponctuation. Utiliseez des mots de passe longs (disons d'au moins 8 caract<63>res). Vous pourriez utiliser une paire de mots avec un signe de ponctuation ins<6E>r<EFBFBD>, une phrase de passe (une s<>quence de mots compr<70>hensible), ou la premi<6D>re lettre de chaque mot dans une phrase de passe.
.SH ""
Ces principes sont partiellement impos<6F>s par le syst<73>me, mais uniquement partiellement. Une certaine vigilance de votre c<>t<EFBFBD> rendra le syst<73>me beaucoup plus s<>r.
.SH "VALEUR DE RETOUR"
En cas de succ<63>s,
.B passwd
se terminera avec une valeur de retour de 0. Une valeur de retour de 1 indique qu'une erreur s'est produite. Les erreurs textuelles sont <20>crites dans le flux d'erreur standard.
.SH "CONFORMIT<49> <20>"
.br
.BR Linux-PAM
(Pluggable Authentication Modules pour Linux).
.br
Notez que si votre distribution de Linux-PAM se conforme au Standard de Syst<73>me de fichiers de Linux, vous pouvez trouver les modules dans
.I /lib/security/
au lieu de /usr/lib/security/, comme indiqu<71> dans l'exemple.
.SH "FICHIERS"
.br
.B /etc/pam.d/passwd
- le fichier de configuration de
.BR Linux-PAM
.SH BOGUES
.sp 2
Inconnus.
.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
.BR pam "(8), "
et
.BR pam_chauthok "(2). "
.sp
Pour des informations plus compl<70>tes sur la fa<66>on de configurere cette application avec
.BR Linux-PAM ", "
voyez le
.BR "Linux-PAM System Administrators' Guide" " at "
.br
.I "<http://parc.power.net/morgan/Linux-PAM/index.html>"
.SH AUTEUR
Cristian Gafton <gafton@redhat.com>
.SH TRADUCTION
Fr<EFBFBD>d<EFBFBD>ric Delanoy, 2000.

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.\" Copyright (c) 1993 Michael Haardt (u31b3hs@pool.informatik.rwth-aachen.de), Fri Apr 2 11:32:09 MET DST 1993
.\"
.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
.\"
.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
.\" intermediate and printed output.
.\"
.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
.\"
.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
.\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free
.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139,
.\" USA.
.\"
.\" Modified Sun Jul 25 10:46:28 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" Modified Sun Aug 21 18:12:27 1994 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" Modified Sun Jun 18 01:53:57 1995 by Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
.\"
.\" Traduction 17/10/1996 par Christophe Blaess (ccb@club-internet.fr)
.\" Mise <20> jour 18/05/1998 (LDP-man-pages-1.19)
.\"
.TH PASSWD 5 "18 Mai 1998" Linux "Manuel de l'administrateur Linux"
.SH NOM
passwd \- Fichier des mots de passe.
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B Passwd
est un fichier de texte qui contient la liste des comptes sur le syst<73>me,
ainsi que des informations utiles sur ces comptes, comme l'identification
de l'utilisateur, du groupe, le r<>pertoire personnel, le shell, etc.
Souvent, ce fichier contient <20>galement le mot de pass<73> chiffr<66> de l'utilisateur.
Le fichier des mots
de passe doit permettre la lecture par tout le monde (de nombreux
utilitaires comme
.IR ls (1)
l'utilisent pour convertir les UID en noms d'utilisateur).
Par contre seul le Super\-User doit disposer de droits d'<27>criture sur
le fichier.
Au bon vieux temps, aucun probl<62>me de s<>curite ne se posait avec ce
droit de lecture g<>n<EFBFBD>ral. Chacun pouvait consulter les mots de passe
crypt<EFBFBD>s, mais le mat<61>riel <20>tait trop lent pour pouvoir d<>crypter un
mot de passe bien choisi. De plus le principe de base d'Unix reposait
sur une communaute soud<75>e d'utilisateurs sans intentions n<>fastes.
Actuellement, il est de plus en plus recommand<6E> d'utiliser des
syst<EFBFBD>mes de masquage des mots de passe, comme
.BR shadow
avec lequel le fichier
.I /etc/passwd
contient des * <20> la place des mots de passe, et o<> ces derniers sont
stock<EFBFBD>s sous forme crypt<70>e dans
.I /etc/shadow
qui n'est lisible que par le Super-utilisateur.
Que le masquage des mots de passe soit utilis<69> ou non, de nombreux
administrateurs syst<73>mes utilisent un ast<73>rique dans le champ
'mot de passe' pour s'assurer que l'utilisateur en question ne
pouirra pas se connecter (Voir le paragrahe Notes plus bas).
Si vous devez cr<63>er un nouvel utilisateur, placez un ast<73>rique dans le champ
'mot de passe', puis utilisez la commande \fBpasswd\fP(1) pour le mettre <20> jour.
Si la racine du syst<73>me de fichiers est sur un disque RAM, vous devez penser
<EFBFBD> copier sur le disque physique les modifications du fichier des mots de passe
avant d'arr<72>ter le systeme. Vous devez <20>galement v<>rifier <20> ce moment les
droits d'acc<63>s au fichier.
Si vous d<>sirez cr<63>er des groupes d'utilisateurs, leur champ GID doivent
correspondre <20> une entree du fichier
.IR /etc/group (5).
Il doit y avoir, dans le fichier des mots de passe, une ligne par utilisateur,
avec le format suivant :
.sp
.RS
account:passwd:UID:GID:GECOS:directory:shell
.RE
.sp
Les divers champs sont les suivants :
.sp
.RS
.TP 1.0in
.I account
Le nom que l'utilisateur utilisera pour se connecter, il ne devrait normalement
pas contenir de majuscules
.TP
.I password
La repr<70>sentation encrypt<70>e (optionnelle) du mot de passe.
.TP
.I UID
L'ID num<75>rique de l'utilisateur.
.TP
.I GID
L'ID num<75>rique du groupe principal de l'utilisateur.
.TP
.I GECOS
Ce champ est optionnel et n'a qu'un r<>le informatif. Il contient g<>n<EFBFBD>ralement
le nom complet de l'utilisateur. GECOS signifie "General Electric Comprehensive
Operating System", qui fut renomm<6D> GCOS quand la division "gros syst<73>mes" de
General Electric a <20>t<EFBFBD> vendue a Honeywell. Dennis Ritchie raconte:
"Il arrivait que l'on envoie des sortie d'impression ou des r<>sultats de
traitements diff<66>r<EFBFBD>s vers une machine GCOS. Le champ GCOS du fichier password
<EFBFBD>tait un endroit classique pour glisser des informations dans la carte
$IDENT. Pas tr<74>s <20>l<EFBFBD>gant..."
.TP
.I directory
Le r<>pertoire de connexion de l'utilisateur (variable d'
.IR environnement (5)
$HOME).
.TP
.I shell
Le programme <20> ex<65>cuter apr<70>s la phase de connexion (par d<>faut
.IR /bin/sh ).
Si ce fichier n'existe pas, l'utilisateur ne pourra pas se connecter avec
.BR login (1).
.RE
.SH NOTES
Si vous d<>sirez cr<63>er des groupes d'utilisateurs, leurs champs GIDs doivent
<EFBFBD>tre identiques, et il doit y avoir une entr<74>e correspondante dans le fichier
.IR /etc/group .
Si le mot de passe crypt<70> est rempli avec un ast<73>risque, l'utilisateur ne
pourra pas se connecter avec
.BR login (1),
mais pourra toujours le faire avec
.BR rlogin (1),
lancer des processus en utilisant
.BR rsh (1),
.BR cront (1),
.BR at (1),
ou des filtres de courrier, etc...
La modification du champ "Shell" a g<>n<EFBFBD>ralement les m<>mes effets, et autorise
toujours l'utilisation de
.BR su (1).
.SH FICHIERS
.I /etc/passwd
.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
.BR passwd "(1), " login "(1), " group "(5), " shadow (5).
.SH TRADUCTION
Christophe Blaess, 1997.

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.\" Copyright 1989 - 1990, Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $Id: shadow.5,v 1.2 2003/04/26 13:24:12 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.TH SHADOW 5
.SH NOM
shadow \- fichiers de mots de passe crypt<70>s
.SH DESCRIPTION
.I /etc/shadow
contient les mots de passe crypt<70>s des utilisateurs [ Ndt : plus exactement, le r<>sultat du cryptage d'une cha<68>ne de longueur nulle
avec le mot de passe comme cl<63> de cryptage ] ainsi qu'<27>ventuellement des informations sur l'<27>ge des mots de passe :
.IP "" .5i
Nom de login
.IP "" .5i
mot de passe crypt<70>
.IP "" .5i
Nombre de jours <20>coul<75>s depuis le 1er janvier 1970 jusqu'au dernier changement de mot de passe
.IP "" .5i
Nombre de jours durant lesquels le mot de passe est encore valide
.IP "" .5i
Nombre de jours apr<70>s lesquels le mot de passe doit <20>tre chang<6E>
.IP "" .5i
Nombre de jours avant l'expiration du mot de passe impliquant l'avertissement de l'utilisateur
.IP "" .5i
Nombre de jours apr<70>s l'expiration provoquant la desactivation du compte
.IP "" .5i
Num<EFBFBD>ro du jour depuis le 1er janvier 1970 <20> partir duquel le compte a <20>t<EFBFBD> d<>sactiv<69>
.IP "" .5i
Champs r<>serv<72>
.PP
Le champs
.I mot de passe
doit <20>tre rempli.
Le mot de passe crypt<70> comprend 13 <20> 24 caract<63>res pris dans
l'alphabet r<>duit a-z, A-Z, 0-9, \. et /.
Consultez \fBcrypt\fR(3) pour plus d'information sur le traitement de cette cha<68>ne.
.PP
La date de derni<6E>re modification du mot de passe est donn<6E> par le nNombre de jours <20>coul<75>s depuis le 1er janvier 1970 jusqu'au dernier changement de mot de passe.
Le mot de passe ne peut <20>tre chang<6E> jusqu'<27> ce que le nombre de jours indiqu<71>s soit <20>coul<75>, et doit <20>tre chang<6E> apr<70>s que le nombre maximum de jours indiqu<71>.
Si le nomnre minimum de jours requis est plus grand que le nombre maximum de jours de vailid<69>, ce mot de passe
.B ne peut pas
<EFBFBD>tre chang<6E> par l'utilisateur.
.PP
Un compte est consid<69>r<EFBFBD> comme inactif et est d<>sactiv<69> si le mot de passe n'est pas chang<6E> dans l'intervalle sp<73>cifi<66> apr<70>s l'expiration du mot de passe.
Un compte est <20>galement d<>sactiv<69> le jours indiqu<71> quelque soit les autres informations d'expiration.
.PP
Cette information est prioritaire sur toutes les autres champs pr<70>sents dans \fI/etc/passwd\fR.
.PP
Ce fichier \fBne doit pas <20>tre\fR accessible en lecture par les utilisateurs normaux afin de maintenir la s<>curit<69> des mots de passe, en particuliers contre les attaques aux dictionnaires.
.SH FICHIERS
\fI/etc/passwd\fR - information sur les comptes des utilisateurs
.br
\fI/etc/shadow\fR - mots de passe crypt<70>s des utilisateurs
.SH VOIR AUSSI
.BR chage (1),
.BR login (1),
.BR passwd (1),
.BR su (1),
.BR sulogin (8),
.BR shadow (3),
.BR passwd (5),
.BR pwconv (8),
.BR pwunconv (8)
.SH AUTEUR
Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com)
.SH TRADUCTION
.RI "Thierry Vignaud <" tvignaud@mandrakesoft.com ">, 1999"

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.\" Copyright 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $Id: useradd.8,v 1.1 2002/03/10 07:41:04 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.\" Traduction 26/09/00 par Fr<46>d<EFBFBD>ric Delanoy (fdelanoy@info.fundp.ac.be)
.\"
.TH USERADD 8
.SH NOM
useradd \- Cr<43>er un nouvel utilisateur ou mettre <20> jour l'information par d<>faut sur un nouvel utilisateur
.SH SYNOPSIS
.TP 8
.B useradd
.\" .RB [ -A
.\" .RI { method | \fBDEFAULT\fR "},... ]"
.RB [ -c
.IR commentaire ]
.RB [ -d
.IR r<EFBFBD>p_perso ]
.br
.RB [ -e
.IR date_expiration ]
.RB [ -f
.IR inactive_time ]
.br
.RB [ -g
.IR groupe_initial ]
.RB [ -G
.IR groupe [,...]]
.br
.RB [ -m " [" -k
.IR r<EFBFBD>p_squelette ] " |" " " -M ]
.RB [ -p
.IR mot_de_passe ]
.br
.RB [ -s
.IR shell ]
.RB [ -u
.IR uid " ["
.BR -o ]]
.RB [ -n ]
.RB [ -r ]
.I login
.TP 8
.B useradd
\fB-D\fR
[\fB-g\fI groupe_d<5F>faut\fR]
[\fB-b\fI r<>p_perso_d<5F>faut\fR]
.br
[\fB-f\fI inactivit<69>\fR]
[\fB-e\fI date_expiration_d<5F>faut\fR]
.br
[\fB-s\fI shell_d<5F>faut\fR]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.SS Cr<EFBFBD>ation de nouveaux utilisateurs
Quand elle est invoqu<71>e sans l'option \fB-D\fR, la commande \fBuseradd\fR cr<63>e un nouveau compte utilisateur qui utilise les valeurs sp<73>cifi<66>es sur la ligne de commandes, et les valeurs par d<>faut du syst<73>me. Le nouveau compte utilisateur sera ins<6E>r<EFBFBD> dans les fichiers du syst<73>me quand c'est n<>cessaire, le r<>pertoire personnel sera cr<63><72>, et les fichiers initiaux copi<70>s, cela d<>pendant des options pr<70>sentes en ligne de commandes. La version fournie avec Red Hat Linux cr<63>e un groupe pour chaque utilisateur ajout<75> au syst<73>me, <20> moins que l'option \fB-n\fR ne soit fournie. Les options qui s'appliquent <20> la commande \fBuseradd\fR sont :
.\" .IP "\fB-A {\fImethod\fR|\fBDEFAULT\fR},..."
.\" The value of the user's authentication method.
.\" The authentication method is the name of a program which is responsible
<EFBFBD>.\" for validating the user's identity.
.\" The string \fBDEFAULT\fR may be used to change the user's authentication
.\" method to the standard system password method.
.\" This is a comma-separated list of program names.
.\" It may include \fBDEFAULT\fR exactly once.
.IP "\fB-c \fIcommentaire\fR"
Le champ de commentaire du fichier de mots de passe du nouvel utilisateur.
.IP "\fB-d \fIr<49>p_perso\fR"
Le nouvel utilisateur sera cr<63><72> en utilisant \fIr<EFBFBD>p_perso\fR comme valeur du r<>pertoire de connexion de l'utilisateur. Le comportement par d<>faut est de concat<61>ner le nom de \fIlogin\fR au \fIr<EFBFBD>p_perso_d<EFBFBD>faut\fR, et de l'utiliser en tant que nom de r<>pertoire de connexion.
.IP "\fB-e \fIdate_expiration\fR"
La date <20> laquelle le compte de l'utilisateur sera d<>sactiv<69>. La date est sp<73>cifi<66>e dans le format \fIAAAA-MM-JJ\fR.
.IP "\fB-f \fIjours_inactifs\fR"
Le nombre de jours suivant l'expiration d'un mot de passe apr<70>s lequel le compte est d<>finitivement d<>sactiv<69>. Une valeur de 0 d<>sactive le compte d<>s que le mot de passe a expir<69>, et une valeur de -1 d<>sactive cette caract<63>ristique. La valeur par d<>faut est de -1.
.IP "\fB-g \fIgroupe_initial\fR"
Le nom du groupe ou le num<75>ro du groupe de connexion initial de l'utilisateur. Le nom du groupe doit exister. Un num<75>ro de groupe doit se r<>f<EFBFBD>rer <20> un groupe pr<70>existant. Le num<75>ro de groupe par d<>faut est de 1.
.IP "\fB-G \fIgroupe,[...]\fR"
Une liste de groupes suppl<70>mentaires auxquels fait <20>galement partie l'utilisateur. Chaque groupe est s<>par<61> du suivant par une virgule, sans espace entre les deux. Les groupes sont soumis aux m<>mes restrictions que celui donn<6E> avec l'option \fB-g\fR. Le comportement par d<>faut pour l'utilisateur est de n'appartenir qu'au groupe initial.
.IP \fB-m\fR
Le r<>pertoire personnel de l'utilisateur sera cr<63><72> s'il n'existe pas d<>j<EFBFBD>. Les fichiers contenus dans \fIr<EFBFBD>p_squelette\fR seront copi<70>s dans le r<>pertoire personnel si l'option \fB-k\fR est employ<6F>e; sinon, les fichiers contenus dans \fIr<EFBFBD>p_squelette\fR seront utilis<69>s <20> la place. Tous les r<>pertoires contenus dans \fIr<EFBFBD>p_squelette\fR ou dans \fI/etc/skel\fR seront <20>galement cr<63><72>s dans le r<>pertoire personnel de l'utilisateur. L'option \fB-k\fR n'est valide qu'en conjonction avec l'option \fB-m\fR. Le comportement par d<>faut est de ne pas cr<63>er le r<>pertoire, et de ne copier aucun fichier.
.IP \fB-M\fR
Le r<EFBFBD>pertoire personnel de l'utilisateur ne sera pas cr<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, m<EFBFBD>me si les r<EFBFBD>glages globaux au syst<EFBFBD>me pr<EFBFBD>sents dans \fI/etc/login.defs\fR consistent en la cr<EFBFBD>ation de r<EFBFBD>pertoires personnels.
.IP \fB-n\fR
Un groupe de m<EFBFBD>me nom que l'utilisateur ajout<EFBFBD> au syst<EFBFBD>me sera cr<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> par d<EFBFBD>faut. Cette option d<EFBFBD>sactivera ce comportement sp<EFBFBD>cifique de Red Hat Linux.
.IP \fB-r\fR
Cette option est utilis<EFBFBD>e pour cr<EFBFBD>er un compte syst<EFBFBD>me, <EFBFBD><EFBFBD>d un utilisateur avec un UID plus petit que la valeur de UID_MIN d<EFBFBD>finie dans
\fI/etc/login.defs\fR. Notez que \fBuseradd\fR ne cr<63>era pas de r<>pertoire personnel pour un tel utilisateur, et ce quel que soit le r<>glage par d<>faut pr<70>sent dans \fI/etc/login.defs\fR. Vous devez sp<73>cifier l'option \fB-m\fR si vous d<>sirez la cr<63>ation d'un r<>pertoire personnel pour un tel utilisateur. C'est une option ajout<75>e par Red Hat.
.IP "\fB-p \fImot_de_passe\fR"
Le mot de passe crypt<70>, comme renvoy<6F> par \fBcrypt\fR(3). Le comportement par d<>faut est de d<>sactiver le compte.
.IP "\fB-s \fIshell\fR"
Le nom du shell de connexion de l'utilisateur. Le comportement par d<>faut est de laisser ce compte vide, ce qui fait s<>lectionner au syst<73>me le shell de connexion par d<>faut.
.IP "\fB-u \fIuid\fR"
La valeur num<75>rique de l'ID de l'utilisateur. Cette valeur doit <20>tre unique, <20> moins que l'option \fI-o\fR ne soit utilis<69>e. La valeur doit <20>tre non n<>gative. Le comportement par d<>faut est d'utiliser la plus petite valeur d'ID plus grande que 99, et plus grande que celle de n'importe quel autre utilisateur. Les valeurs comprises entre 0 et 99 sont typiquement r<>serv<72>es pour les comptes syst<73>mes.
.SS Modifier les valeurs par d<EFBFBD>faut.
Quand il est invoqu<71> avec l'option \fB-D\fR, \fBuseradd\fR soit affichera les valeurs actuelles par d<>faut, soit mettra <20> jour les valeurs par d<>faut via la ligne de commandes. Les options valides sont
.IP "\fB-b \fIr<49>p_perso\fR"
Le pr<70>fixe de chemin initial pour un nouveau r<>pertoire personnel d'utilisateur. Le nom de l'utilisateur sera suffix<69> <20> la fin de \fIr<EFBFBD>p_perso\fR pour cr<63>er le nom du nouveau r<>pertoire si l'option \fB-d\fI n'est pas utilis<69>e pendant la cr<63>ation d'un nouveau compte.
.IP "\fB-e \fIdate_expiration_d<5F>faut\fR"
La date <20> laquelle le compte utilisateur sera d<>sactiv<69>.
.IP "\fB-f \fIinactivit<69>\fR"
Le nombre de jours apr<70>s l'expiration d'un mot de passe avant que le compte ne soit d<>sactiv<69>.
.IP "\fB-g \fIgroupe_d<5F>faut\fR"
Le nom de groupe ou l'ID du groupe initial d'un nouvel utilisateur. Le groupe nomm<6D> doit exister, et un ID de groupe num<75>rique doit d<>j<EFBFBD> exister en tant qu'ID de groupe.
.IP "\fB-s \fIshell_d<5F>faut\fR"
Le nom du shell de connexion d'un nouvel utilisateur. Le programme nomm<6D> sera utilis<69> pour tous les futurs nouveaux comptes.
.PP
Si aucune option n'est sp<73>cifi<66>e, \fBuseradd\fR affichera les valeurs par d<>faut du moment.
.SH NOTES
L'administrateur syst<73>me est responsable du placement des fichiers d'utilisateur par d<>faut dans le r<>pertoire \fI/etc/skel\fR.
.br
Cette version de \fIuseradd\fR a <20>t<EFBFBD> modifi<66>e par Red Hat pour se conformer <20> la convention utilisateur/groupe de RedHat.
.SH INCONV<EFBFBD>NIENTS
Vous ne pouvez pas ajouter d'utilisateur <20> un groupe NIS. Cela doit <20>tre effectu<74> sur le serveur NIS.
.SH FICHIERS
\fB/etc/passwd\fR - information sur les comptes utilisateurs
.br
\fB/etc/shadow\fR - information s<>curis<69>e sur les comptes utilisateurs
.br
\fB/etc/group\fR - information de groupes
.br
\fB/etc/default/useradd\fR - information par d<>faut
.br
\fB/etc/login.defs\fR - r<>glages globaux du syst<73>me
.br
\fB/etc/skel\fR - r<>pertoire contenant les fichiers utilis<69>s par d<>faut
.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
.BR chfn (1),
.BR chsh (1),
.BR crypt (3),
.BR groupadd (8),
.BR groupdel (8),
.BR groupmod (8),
.BR passwd (1),
.BR userdel (8),
.BR usermod (8)
.SH AUTEUR
Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@bga.com)
.SH TRADUCTION
Fr<EFBFBD>d<EFBFBD>ric Delanoy, 2000.

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.\" Copyright 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $Id: userdel.8,v 1.2 2003/04/26 13:24:12 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.\" Traduction 27/09/2000 par Fr<46>d<EFBFBD>ric Delanoy (fdelanoy@info.fundp.ac.be)
.\"
.TH USERDEL 8
.SH NOM
userdel \- Effacer un compte utilisateur et les fichiers associ<63>s
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B userdel
[\fB-r\fR]
.I login
.SH DESCRIPTION
La commande \fBuserdel\fR modifie les fichiers des comptes du syst<73>me, en supprimant toutes les entr<74>es qui se r<>f<EFBFBD>rent <20> \fIlogin\fR. L'utilisateur nomm<6D> doit exister.
.SH OPTIONS
.IP \fB-r\fR
Les fichiers pr<70>sents dans le r<>pertoire personnel de l'utilisateur seront supprim<69>s en m<>me temps que le r<>pertoire lui-m<>me. Les fichiers situ<74>s dans d'autres syst<73>mes de fichiers devront <20>tre recherch<63>s et <20>limin<69>s manuellement.
.SH FICHIERS
\fI/etc/passwd\fR - information sur les comptes utilisateurs
.br
\fI/etc/shadow\fR - information s<>curis<69>e sur les comptes utilisateurs
.br
\fI/etc/group\fR - information de groupes
.SH INCONV<EFBFBD>NIENTS
\fBuserdel\fR ne vous permet pas de supprimer un compte si l'utilisateur en question est actuellement connect<63>. Vous devez tuer tous les processus en cours d'ex<65>cution appartenant <20> l'utilisateur poss<73>dant le compte que vous <20>tes en train de supprimer. Vous ne pouvez pas supprimer d'attribut NIS d'un client NIS. Cela doit <20>tre effectu<74> sur le serveur NIS.
.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
.BR chfn (1),
.BR chsh (1),
.BR groupadd (8),
.BR groupdel (8),
.BR groupmod (8),
.BR passwd (1),
.BR useradd (8),
.BR usermod (8)
.SH AUTEUR
Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@bga.com)
.SH TRADUCTION
Fr<EFBFBD>d<EFBFBD>ric Delanoy, 2000.

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.\" Copyright 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $Id: usermod.8,v 1.2 2003/04/26 13:24:12 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.\" Traduction 27/09/2000 par Fr<46>d<EFBFBD>ric Delanoy (fdelanoy@info.fundp.ac.be)
.\"
.TH USERMOD 8
.SH NOM
usermod \- modifier un compte utilisateur
.SH SYNOPSIS
.TP 8
.B usermod
.\" .RB [ -A
.\" .RI { method | \fBDEFAULT\fR "},... ]"
.RB [ -c
.IR commentaire ]
.RB [ -d
.IR r<EFBFBD>p_perso " ["
.BR -m ]]
.br
.RB [ -e
.IR date_expiration ]
.RB [ -f
.IR inactivit<EFBFBD> ]
.br
.RB [ -g
.IR groupe_initial ]
.RB [ -G
.IR groupe [,...]]
.br
.RB [ -l
.IR nom_connexion ]
.RB [ -p
.IR mot_de_passe ]
.br
.RB [ -s
.IR shell ]
.RB [ -u
.IR uid " ["
.BR -o ]]
.RB [ -L | -U ]
.I login
.SH DESCRIPTION
La commande \fBusermod\fR modifie les fichiers des comptes du syst<73>me pour refl<66>ter les modifications qui ont <20>t<EFBFBD> sp<73>cifi<66>es sur la ligne de commandes. Les options qui s'appliquent <20> la commande \fBusermod\fR sont
.\" .IP "\fB-A \fImethod\fR|\fBDEFAULT\fR"
.\" The new value of the user's authentication method.
.\" The authentication method is the name of a program which is responsible
.\" for validating the user's identity.
.\" The string \fBDEFAULT\fR may be used to change the user's authentication
.\" method to the standard system password method.
.IP "\fB-c \fIcommentaire\fR"
La nouvelle valeur du fichier du champ de commentaire du fichier de mot de passe de l'utilisateur. Il est normalement modifi<66> en utilisant l'utilitaire \fBchfn\fR(1).
.IP "\fB-d \fIr<49>p_perso\fR"
Le nouveau r<>pertoire de connexion de l'utilisateur. Si l'option \fB-m\fR est fournie, le contenu du r<>pertoire personnel actuel sera d<>plac<61> dans le nouveau r<>pertoire personnel, qui sera cr<63><72> si n<>cessaire.
.IP "\fB-e \fIdate_expiration\fR"
La date <20> laquelle le compte utilisateur sera d<>sactiv<69>. La date est sp<73>cifi<66>e dans le format \fIAAAA-MM-JJ\fR.
.IP "\fB-f \fIjours_inactifs\fR"
Le nombre de jours suivant l'expiration d'un mot de passe apr<70>s lequel le compte est d<>finitivement d<>sactiv<69>. Une valeur de 0 d<>sactive le compte d<>s que le mot de passe a expir<69>, et une valeur de -1 d<>sactive cette caract<63>ristique. La valeur par d<>faut est de -1.
.IP "\fB-g \fIgroupe_initial\fR"
Le nom du groupe ou le num<75>ro du groupe de connexion initial de l'utilisateur. Le nom du groupe doit exister. Un num<75>ro de groupe doit se r<>f<EFBFBD>rer <20> un groupe pr<70>existant. Le num<75>ro de groupe par d<>faut est de 1.
.IP "\fB-G \fIgroupe,[...]\fR"
Une liste de groupes suppl<70>mentaires auxquels fait <20>galement partie l'utilisateur. Chaque groupe est s<>par<61> du suivant par une virgule, sans espace entre les deux. Les groupes sont soumis aux m<>mes restrictions que celles donn<6E>es avec l'option \fB-g\fR. Si l'utilisateur fait actuellement partie d'un groupe qui n'est pas list<73>, l'utilisateur sera supprim<69> du groupe.
.IP "\fB-l \fInom_connexion\fR"
Le nom de l'utilisateur passera de \fIlogin\fR <20> \fIlogin_name\fR. Rien d'autre n'est modifi<66>. En particulier, le r<>pertoire personnel de l'utilisateur devra probablement <20>tre chang<6E> pour refl<66>ter le nouveau nom de connexion.
.IP "\fB-p \fImot_de_passe\fR"
Le mot de passe crypt<EFBFBD>, comme renvoy<EFBFBD> par \fBcrypt\fR(3).
.IP "\fB-s \fIshell\fR"
Le nom du nouveau shell de connexion de l'utilisateur. Si shell n'est pas fourni, le syst<73>me s<>lectionnera le shell de connexion par d<>faut.
.IP "\fB-u \fIuid\fR"
La valeur num<75>rique de l'ID de l'utilisateur. Cette valeur doit <20>tre unique, <20> moins que l'option \fI-o\fR ne soit utilis<69>e. La valeur doit <20>tre non n<>gative. Les valeurs comprises entre 0 et 99 sont typiquement r<>serv<72>es aux comptes syst<73>mes. Tous les fichiers poss<73>d<EFBFBD>s par l'utilisateur et qui sont situ<74>s dans le sous-arbre de r<>pertoires "d<>butant" au r<>pertoire personnel de l'utilisateur verront leur ID d'utilisateur automatiquement modifi<66>. Les fichiers situ<74>s <20> l'ext<78>rieur du r<>pertoire personnel de l'utilisateur doivent <20>tre modifi<66>s <20> la main.
.IP "\fB-L\fR"
Verrouiller le mot de passe d'un utilisateur. Cette option ajoute un `!' devant le mot de passe crypt<70>, ce qui d<>sactive le mot de passe. Vous ne pouvez pas utiliser cette option avec \fI-p\fR ou \fI-U\fR.
.IP "\fB-U\fR"
D<EFBFBD>verrouiller le mot de passe d'un utilisateur. Cela supprime le `!' situ<74> devant le mot de passe crypt<70>. Vous ne pouvez pas utiliser cette option avec \fI-p\fR ou \fI-L\fR.
.SH INCONV<EFBFBD>NIENTS
\fBusermod\fR ne vous permet pas de modifier le nom d'un utilisateur qui est actuellement connect<63>. Vous devez <20>tre s<>r que l'utilisateur nomm<6D> n'est pas en train d'ex<65>cuter un quelconque programme quand cette commande est ex<65>cut<75>e si l'UID num<75>rique de l'utilisateur est modifi<66>. Vous devez modifier le nom du propri<72>taire de tous les fichiers \fIcrontab\fR manuellement. Vous devez modifier le nom du propri<72>taire de n'importe quel travail \fIat\fR manuellement. Vous devez effectuer les modifications impliquant NIS sur le serveur NIS.
.SH FICHIERS
\fI/etc/passwd\fR - information sur les comptes utilisateurs
.br
\fI/etc/shadow\fR - information s<>curis<69>e sur les comptes utilisateurs
.br
\fI/etc/group\fR - information de groupes
.SH "VOIR AUSSI"
.BR chfn (1),
.BR chsh (1),
.BR crypt (3),
.BR groupadd (8),
.BR groupdel (8),
.BR groupmod (8),
.BR passwd (1),
.BR useradd (8),
.BR userdel (8)
.SH AUTEUR
Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@bga.com)
.SH TRADUCTION
Fr<EFBFBD>d<EFBFBD>ric Delanoy, 2000.

View File

@@ -10,4 +10,6 @@ man_MANS = \
passwd.1 \
sg.1 \
su.1
EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS)

View File

@@ -163,6 +163,8 @@ man_MANS = \
sg.1 \
su.1
EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS)
subdir = man/hu
ACLOCAL_M4 = $(top_srcdir)/aclocal.m4
mkinstalldirs = $(SHELL) $(top_srcdir)/mkinstalldirs

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@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
.\" Copyright 1990, John F. Haugh II
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
.\" This product includes software developed by John F. Haugh, II
.\" and other contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of John F. Haugh, II nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JOHN HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JOHN HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $Id: chsh.1,v 1.2 2003/04/26 13:24:13 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.TH CHSH 1
.SH N<EFBFBD>V
chsh \- bejelentkez<65>si parancs<63>rtelmez<65> (h<>jj) <20>ll<6C>t<EFBFBD>sa
.SH <EFBFBD>TTEKINT<EFBFBD>S
.TP 5
\fBchsh\fR
[\fB-s \fIh<EFBFBD>jjprogram\fR] [\fIfelhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD>\fR]
.SH LE<EFBFBD>R<EFBFBD>S
A \fBchsh\fR parancs a felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD> bejelentkez<65>si parancs<63>rtelmez<65>j<EFBFBD>t v<>ltoztatja meg.
Norm<EFBFBD>l felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD> csak a saj<61>t parancs<63>rtelmez<65>j<EFBFBD>t <20>ll<6C>thatja, a
rendszergazda b<>rki<6B>t.
.PP
A h<>jjprogrammal (shell) szemben t<>masztott k<>vetelm<6C>ny, hogy szerepeljen
a \fI/etc/shells\fR f<>jlban, kiv<69>ve ha a rendszergazd<7A><64> mert
neki minden be<62>ll<6C>t<EFBFBD>s elfogadott.
Korl<EFBFBD>tozott parancs<63>rtelmez<65>t nem lehet m<>sikra <20>t<EFBFBD>ll<6C>tani.
Ez<EFBFBD>rt nem tan<61>csos a \fB/bin/rsh\fR-nak a \fI/etc/shells\fR-ben
val<EFBFBD> felsorol<6F>sa, mert ha a felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD> <20>tv<74>lt erre a h<>jj-ra
nem v<>lthat m<>sikra.
.PP
A \fB-s\fR opci<63> n<>lk<6C>l a \fBchsh\fR interakt<6B>v m<>don
m<EFBFBD>k<EFBFBD>dik. Be kell <20>rni az <20>j <20>rt<72>ket, vagy <20>resen hagyni a sort, hogy
az <20>ppen aktu<74>lis be<62>ll<6C>t<EFBFBD>s maradjon, ami \fB[ ]\fR jelek k<>z<EFBFBD>tt l<>that<61>.
.SH F<EFBFBD>JLOK
\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- felhasz<73>l<EFBFBD>i nyilv<6C>ntart<72>s
.br
\fI/etc/shells\fR \- enged<65>lyezett parancs<63>rtelmez<65>k list<73>ja
.SH L<EFBFBD>SD M<EFBFBD>G
.BR chfn (1),
.BR passwd (5)
.SH MAGYAR FORD<EFBFBD>T<EFBFBD>S
Szekely Krisztian <szekelyk@edasz.hu>

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.\" Copyright 1996, Rafal Maszkowski, rzm@pdi.net
.\" All rights reserved. You can redistribute this man page and/or
.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
.\" License, or (at your option) any later version.
.\"
.\" $Id: gpasswd.1,v 1.2 2003/04/26 13:24:13 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.TH GPASSWD 1
.SH N<EFBFBD>V
gpasswd \- az /etc/group f<>jlt adminisztr<74>lja
.br
.SH <EFBFBD>TTEKINT<EFBFBD>S
.B gpasswd \fIcsoport\fR
.br
.B gpasswd
.B -a
\fIfelhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD>\fR \fIcsoport\fR
.br
.B gpasswd
.B -d
\fIfelhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD>\fR \fIcsoport\fR
.br
.B gpasswd
.B -R
\fIcsoport\fR
.br
.B gpasswd
.B -r
\fIcsoport\fR
.br
.B gpasswd
.RB [ -A
\fIfelhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD>\fR,...]
.RB [ -M
\fIfelhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD>\fR,...]
\fIcsoport\fR
.br
.SH LE<EFBFBD>R<EFBFBD>S
A
.B gpasswd
program seg<65>ts<74>g<EFBFBD>vel adminisztr<74>lhatjuk az /etc/group f<>jlt
illetve az /etc/gshadow f<>jlt amennyiben a SHADOWGPR defini<6E>lva
volt a ford<72>t<EFBFBD>s alatt. Minden csoportban lehetnek adminisztr<74>torok,
tagok <20>s egy jelsz<73>. A rendszeradminisztr<74>tor a \fB-A\fR opci<63>
seg<EFBFBD>ts<EFBFBD>g<EFBFBD>vel defini<6E>lhat csoportadminisztr<74>tor(oka)t <20>s a \fB-M\fR
opci<EFBFBD>val tagokat. A rendszeradminiszt<7A>tor minden joggal rendelkezik,
amellyel a csoportadminisztr<74>tor <20>s a csoport tagjai.
.PP
A csoportadminisztr<74>tor a \fB-a\fR kapcsol<6F>val hozhat l<>tre
felhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD>kat, <20>s a \fB-d\fR opci<63>val t<>r<EFBFBD>lheti <20>ket. Az
adminisztr<EFBFBD>torok a \fB-r\fR opci<63>val t<>r<EFBFBD>lhetik a csoport
jelszav<EFBFBD>t. Ha nincs jelsz<73> be<62>ll<6C>tva, akkor csak a csoport
tagjai haszn<7A>lhatj<74>k a
.BR newgrp (1)
parancsot a csatlakoz<6F>shoz. A \fB-R\fR opci<63>
megg<EFBFBD>tolja a csoport el<65>r<EFBFBD>s<EFBFBD>t a
.BR newgrp (1)
parancson kereszt<7A>l.
.PP
Ha
.B gpasswd
parancsot a csoportadminisztr<74>tor adja ki a csoport nev<65>vel,
akkor csak a jelsz<73>t kell be<62>rnia. Ha van jelsz<73>, akkor a tagok
be tudnak l<>pni a
.BR newgrp (1)
paranccsal jelsz<73> n<>lk<6C>l is, csak a csoporton k<>v<EFBFBD>li felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>knak
kell megadniuk a jelsz<73>t.
.SH F<EFBFBD>JLOK
\fI/etc/group\fR \- inform<72>ci<63> a csoportr<74>l
.br
\fI/etc/gshadow\fR \- inform<72>ci<63> a shadow csoportr<74>l
.SH L<EFBFBD>SD M<EFBFBD>G
.BR newgrp (1),
.BR groupadd (8),
.BR groupdel (8),
.BR groupmod (8),
.BR grpck (8)
.SH MAGYAR FORD<EFBFBD>T<EFBFBD>S
T<EFBFBD>m<EFBFBD>r Andr<64>s <timar_a@freemail.hu>

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.\" Copyright 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $Id: groups.1,v 1.4 2003/04/28 02:07:12 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.TH GROUPS 1
.SH N<EFBFBD>V
groups \- ki<6B>rja a jelenlegi csoportazonos<6F>t<EFBFBD> neveket
.SH <EFBFBD>TTEKINT<EFBFBD>S
.B groups
.RI [ felhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD> ]
.SH LE<EFBFBD>R<EFBFBD>S
A
.B groups
parancs ki<6B>rja a jelenlegi csoportazonos<6F>t<EFBFBD> neveket vagy sz<73>m<EFBFBD>rt<72>keket. Ha
nincs az <20>rt<72>knek megfelel<65> bejegyz<79>s a \fI/etc/group\fR f<>jlban, akkor a
csoport azonos<6F>t<EFBFBD> sz<73>m<EFBFBD>t <20>rja ki. Az opcion<6F>lis \fIfelhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD>\fR param<61>ter
eset<EFBFBD>n azokat a csoportokat <20>rja ki, amelyekbe a megadott \fIfelhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD>\fR
tartozik.
.SH MEGJEGYZ<EFBFBD>S
Azok a rendszerek, amelyek nem t<>mogatj<74>k a konkurrens csoportbe<62>ll<6C>t<EFBFBD>sokat,
a ki<6B>rt inform<72>ci<63>kat a \fI/etc/group\fR f<>jlb<6C>l gy<67>jtik. A felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>nak
musz<EFBFBD>j a \fBnewgrp\fR vagy a \fBsg\fR parancsot haszn<7A>lniuk, hogy
megv<EFBFBD>ltoztass<EFBFBD>k a jelenlegi val<61>di <20>s effekt<6B>v csoportazonos<6F>t<EFBFBD>jukat.
.SH F<EFBFBD>JLOK
\fI/etc/group\fR \- inform<72>ci<63> a csoportokr<6B>l
.SH L<EFBFBD>SD M<EFBFBD>G
.BR newgrp (1),
.BR getgid (2),
.BR getgroups (2),
.BR getuid (2)
.SH AUTHOR
Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com)
.SH MAGYAR FORD<EFBFBD>T<EFBFBD>S
ifj. Dyekiss Emil <emil2@cds.hu>

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.\" Copyright 1989 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $Id: login.1,v 1.4 2003/04/28 02:07:12 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.TH LOGIN 1
.SH N<EFBFBD>V
login \- <20>j kapcsolat felv<6C>tele a rendszerrel (bejelentkez<65>s)
.SH <EFBFBD>TTEKINT<EFBFBD>S
.B login
.RI [ felhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>v " [" k<EFBFBD>rnyezeti v<EFBFBD>ltoz<EFBFBD>k ]]
.SH LE<EFBFBD>R<EFBFBD>S
A
.B login
programot a rendszerbe val<EFBFBD> bel<EFBFBD>p<EFBFBD>sre haszn<EFBFBD>ljuk. <EFBFBD>ltal<EFBFBD>ban nem
k<EFBFBD>zvetlen<EFBFBD>l haszn<EFBFBD>ljuk, hanem automatikusan megh<EFBFBD>v<EFBFBD>sra ker<EFBFBD>l, amikor a
.I login:
promptra v<>laszk<7A>nt be<62>rjuk a felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>nev<65>nket.
A
.B login
a shell szempontj<74>b<EFBFBD>l k<>l<EFBFBD>nleges kezel<65>s<EFBFBD> lehet <20>s el<65>fordulhat, hogy
nem h<>vhat<61> meg alfolyamatk<74>nt. Tipikus p<>lda erre, amikor a
.B login
parancsot a shell \fBexec login\fR -k<>nt <20>rtelmezi, teh<65>t az <20>j
bejelentkez<EFBFBD>s el<65>tt az aktu<74>lisb<73>l val<61> kil<69>p<EFBFBD>sre k<>szteti a
felhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD>t.
Ha nem login shellb<6C>l pr<70>b<EFBFBD>ljuk meg a \fBlogin\fR parancsot v<>grehajtani,
hiba<EFBFBD>zenetet kapunk.
.PP
Amikor a \fIlogin:\fR promptn<74>l ker<65>l megh<67>v<EFBFBD>sra, lehet<65>s<EFBFBD>g van a
felhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>v ut<75>n k<>rnyezeti v<>ltoz<6F>k megad<61>s<EFBFBD>ra, \fBN<EFBFBD>V=<3D>RT<52>K\fR.
form<EFBFBD>ban, azonban nem minden v<>ltoz<6F>t tudunk ily m<>don szab<61>lyozni:
p<EFBFBD>ld<EFBFBD>ul a \fBPATH\fR, \fBHOME\fR <20>s a \fBSHELL\fR nem kaphat itt <20>rt<72>ket,
tov<EFBFBD>bb<EFBFBD> az \fBIFS\fR letilt<6C>sra ker<65>lhet, ha a \felhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD> login shellje
a fB/bin/sh\fR.
.PP
Ezut<EFBFBD>n a jelszavunkat kell megadnunk. A be<62>rt karakterek nem jelennek meg
a k<>perny<6E>n, megel<65>zv<7A>n a 'leskel<65>d<EFBFBD>st'. Ha t<>bbsz<73>r hib<69>s jelsz<73>t adunk
meg, a \fBlogin\fR kil<69>p, <20>s a kapcsolat megszakad.
.PP
Ha a jelszavunk <20>rv<72>nyess<73>gi ideje korl<72>tozott, a rendszer tov<6F>bbl<62>p<EFBFBD>s
el<EFBFBD>tt felsz<73>l<EFBFBD>that a jelsz<73> megv<67>ltoztat<61>s<EFBFBD>ra. Ez azt jelenti, hogy a
jelszavunk lej<65>rt, nem <20>rv<72>nyes, vagy hamarosan le fog j<>rni. A r<>gi
jelszavunkat is esetleg meg kell adni ellen<65>rz<72>sk<73>ppen, majd az <20>ltalunk
v<EFBFBD>lasztott <20>j jelsz<73>t. A t<>m<EFBFBD>ban l<>sd: \fBpasswd \fR(1)
.PP
Sikeres bejelentkez<65>s ut<75>n n<>h<EFBFBD>ny rendszer<65>zenetet kapunk, <20>s a postal<61>d<EFBFBD>nk
<EFBFBD>llapot<EFBFBD>r<EFBFBD>l n<>mi visszajelsz<73>st. A rendszer<65>zenetf<74>jl (\fI/etc/motd\fR)
ki<EFBFBD>rat<EFBFBD>s<EFBFBD>t letilthatjuk egy 0 byte hossz<73>s<EFBFBD>g<EFBFBD> \fI.hushlogin\fR file
l<EFBFBD>trehoz<EFBFBD>s<EFBFBD>val a login k<>nyvt<76>runkban. A posta <20>llapot<6F>t<EFBFBD>l f<>gg<67>en a
k<EFBFBD>vetkez<EFBFBD> <20>zenetek valamelyik<69>t kapjuk: "\fBYou have new mail.\fR" (<28>j
lev<EFBFBD>l van), "\fBYou have mail.\fR" (Lev<65>l van), vagy "\fBNo Mail.\fR"
(Nincs lev<65>l).
.PP
A felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>i- (UID) <20>s a csoportazonos<6F>t<EFBFBD>nk (GID) be<62>ll<6C>t<EFBFBD>sra ker<65>l az
\fI/etc/passwd\fR alapj<70>n. A \fB$HOME\fR, \fB$SHELL\fR,
\fB$PATH\fR, \fB$LOGNAME\fR <20>s a \fB$MAIL\fR k<>rnyezeti v<>ltoz<6F>k
be<EFBFBD>ll<EFBFBD>t<EFBFBD>sra ker<65>lnek a passwd adatb<74>zis megfelel<65> mez<65>i alapj<70>n.
Az ulimit, umask <20>s a nice is <20>rt<72>ket kaphat a GECOS mez<65> tartalma
alapj<EFBFBD>n.
.PP
N<EFBFBD>h<EFBFBD>ny rendszeren a \fB$TERM\fR v<>ltoz<6F> is <20>rt<72>ket kap, mik<69>nt az a
\fI/etc/ttytype\fR-ban meg van <20>rva.
.PP
V<EFBFBD>grehajt<EFBFBD>dhat a parancs<63>rtelmez<65>nk inicializ<69>ci<63>s scriptje is. Ez <20>gyben
l<EFBFBD>sd a megfelel<65> k<>zik<69>nyv-oldalt.
.SH FIGYELMEZTET<EFBFBD>SEK
.PP
A \fBlogin\fR ezen verzi<7A>ja sok ford<72>t<EFBFBD>si opci<63>val rendelkezik, b<>r csak
n<EFBFBD>h<EFBFBD>ny k<>z<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD>k az, ami haszn<7A>latban lehet egyes speci<63>lis g<>peken.
.PP
A f<>jlok elhelyezked<65>se a rendszerkonfigur<75>ci<63>k k<>l<EFBFBD>nb<6E>z<EFBFBD>s<EFBFBD>g<EFBFBD>b<EFBFBD>l ad<61>d<EFBFBD>an
v<EFBFBD>ltozhat.
.SH F<EFBFBD>JLOK
\fI/var/run/utmp\fR \- az aktu<74>lis bejelentkez<65>sek list<73>ja
.br
\fI/var/log/wtmp\fR \- az el<65>z<EFBFBD> (eddigi) bejelentkez<65>sek list<73>ja
.br
\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>i account-okra vonatkoz<6F> inform<72>ci<63>k
.br
\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- titkos<6F>tott jelszavak <20>s <20>rv<72>nyess<73>gi id<69>-inform<72>ci<63>k
.br
\fI/etc/motd\fR \- rendszer<65>zenet file
.br
\fI/etc/nologin\fR \- nem-root felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>k bel<65>p<EFBFBD>s<EFBFBD>nek tilt<6C>sa
.br
\fI/etc/ttytype\fR \- termin<69>lt<6C>pusok list<73>ja
.br
.br
\fI$HOME/.hushlogin\fR \- korl<72>tozza a rendszer<65>zenetek megjelen<65>t<EFBFBD>s<EFBFBD>t
.br
.SH L<EFBFBD>SD M<EFBFBD>G
.PP
.BR getty (8),
.BR mail (1),
.BR passwd (1),
.BR sh (1),
.BR su (1),
.\" .BR d_passwd (5),
.BR passwd (5),
.BR nologin (5)
.SH SZERZ<EFBFBD>
Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@bga.com)
.SH MAGYAR FORD<EFBFBD>T<EFBFBD>S
Niedermayer Mikl<6B>s <mico@musician.org>

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.\" Copyright 1991, Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" Hungarian translation by Peter Mamuzsics <zumu@mentha.hu>
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $Id: newgrp.1,v 1.3 2003/04/26 13:24:13 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.TH NEWGRP 1
.SH N<EFBFBD>V
newgrp \- Csoportazonos<6F>t<EFBFBD> m<>dos<6F>t<EFBFBD>sa
.br
sg \- Parancs v<>grehajt<6A>sa m<>s csoportazono<6E>t<EFBFBD> alatt
.SH <EFBFBD>TTEKINT<EFBFBD>S
.BR newgrp " [" - ]
[\fIgroup\fR]
.br
.BR sg " [" - ]
[\fIgroup\fR [\fB-c\fR \fIcommand\fR]]
.SH LE<EFBFBD>R<EFBFBD>S
A
.B newgrp
parancs a jelenlegi bejelentkez<65>shez tartoz<6F> csoportazonos<6F>t<EFBFBD>
m<EFBFBD>dos<EFBFBD>t<EFBFBD>s<EFBFBD>ra haszn<7A>lhat<61>. Ha a parancsot az elhagyhat<61> \fB\-\fR
kapcsol<EFBFBD>val h<>vtuk meg, akkor a rendszer <20>gy inicializ<69>lja <20>jra
a felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>i k<>rnyezetet, ahogy az a bejelelentkez<65>s sor<6F>n
megt<EFBFBD>rt<EFBFBD>nik, ellenkez<65> esetben a jelenlegi k<>rnyezet - bele<6C>rtve
az aktu<74>lis munkak<61>nyvt<76>rat is - v<>ltozatlan marad.
.PP
A
.B newgrp
parancs lecser<65>li az aktu<74>lis csoportazonos<6F>t<EFBFBD>t a megnevezett
vagy - ha nincs megadva - az \fI/etc/passwd\fR f<>jlban megadott
alap<EFBFBD>rtelmezett csoportra. Ha a felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD> nem rendelkezik jelsz<73>val,
de a csoport igen, vagy a felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD> nem tagja a csoportnak,
de a csoport rendelkezik jelsz<73>val, akkor a rendszer bek<65>ri a csoport
jelszav<EFBFBD>t.
Amennyiben a csoportnak nincs jelszava, <20>s a felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD> nem tagja a
csoportnak, akkor a hozz<7A>f<EFBFBD>r<EFBFBD>s nem lehets<74>ges.
.PP
Az
.B sg
parancs m<>k<EFBFBD>d<EFBFBD>se hasonl<6E> a \fBnewgrp\fR parancs m<>k<EFBFBD>d<EFBFBD>s<EFBFBD>hez,
de ez nem cser<65>li le a felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD> parancs<63>rtelmez<65>j<EFBFBD>t, <20>gy
amikor kil<69>p<EFBFBD>nk az \fBsg\fR parancsb<73>l, visszakapjuk az
eredeti csoportazonos<6F>t<EFBFBD>t.
Az
.B sg
parancsnak egy m<>sik, aposztr<74>fok k<>z<EFBFBD> z<>rt parancsot is meg lehet
adni, amely a Bourne parancs<63>rtelmez<65>vel ker<65>l v<>grehajt<6A>sra.
.SH HIB<EFBFBD>K
A \fBnewgrp\fR t<>bbf<62>le ford<72>t<EFBFBD>si be<62>ll<6C>t<EFBFBD>ssal rendelkezik,
amelyeknek egy adott felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>si k<>rnyezetben csak egy r<>sz<73>re
lehet sz<73>ks<6B>g.
.SH F<EFBFBD>JLOK
\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>i inform<72>ci<63>k
.br
\fI/etc/group\fR \- csoportinfom<6F>ci<63>k
.SH L<EFBFBD>SD M<EFBFBD>G
.BR id (1),
.BR login (1),
.BR su (1)
.SH SZERZ<EFBFBD>
Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@bga.com)
.br
.SH MAGYAR FORD<EFBFBD>T<EFBFBD>S
Mamuzsics P<>ter <zumu@mentha.hu>

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.\" Copyright 1989 - 1994, John F. Haugh II
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution is allowed, provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
.\" This product includes software developed by John F. Haugh, II
.\" and other contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of John F. Haugh, II nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JOHN HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JOHN HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $Id: passwd.1,v 1.3 2003/04/26 13:24:13 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.TH PASSWD 1 "" \" -*- nroff -*-
.SH N<EFBFBD>V
passwd \- Felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>i jelsz<73> megv<67>ltoztat<61>sa
.SH <EFBFBD>TTEKINT<EFBFBD>S
\fBpasswd\fR [\fB-f\fR|\fB-s\fR] [\fIn<EFBFBD>v\fR]
.br
\fBpasswd\fR [\fB-g\fR] [\fB-r\fR|\fB-R\fR] \fIcsoport\fR
.br
\fBpasswd\fR [\fB-x\fR \fImax\fR] [\fB-n\fR \fImin\fR]
[\fB-w\fR \fIfigy\fR] [\fB-i\fR \fIinakt\fR] \fIn<EFBFBD>v\fR
.br
\fBpasswd\fR {\fB-l\fR|\fB-u\fR|\fB-d\fR|\fB-S\fR} \fIn<EFBFBD>v\fR
.SH LE<EFBFBD>R<EFBFBD>S
A \fBpasswd\fR a felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>k <20>s a csoportok megv<67>ltoztat<61>s<EFBFBD>t v<>gzi.
A felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>k csak a saj<61>t jelszavukat v<>ltoztathatj<74>k meg, a rendszergazda
b<EFBFBD>rki<EFBFBD>t. A csoportok jelszav<61>t az adott csoport adminisztr<74>tora
v<EFBFBD>ltoztathatja meg.
A \fBpasswd\fR ezen k<>v<EFBFBD>l haszn<7A>lhat<61> a felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>i adatok, mint pl. az
igazi n<>v, a login shell, vagy a jelszavak "szavatoss<73>gi idej<65>nek"
megv<EFBFBD>ltoztat<EFBFBD>s<EFBFBD>ra is.
.SS Jelsz<EFBFBD>v<EFBFBD>ltoz<EFBFBD>sok
A felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>nak el<65>sz<73>r a r<>gi jelszav<61>t kell be<62>rnia, ha m<>r volt neki.
Ezut<EFBFBD>n ennek a jelsz<73>nak a k<>dolt v<>ltozat<61>t <20>sszehasonl<6E>tja a t<>rolt
jelsz<EFBFBD>val. A megfelel<65> jelsz<73> be<62>r<EFBFBD>s<EFBFBD>ra a felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>nak csak egy lehet<65>s<EFBFBD>ge
van.
A rendszergazda <20>tugorhatja ezt a l<>p<EFBFBD>st, <20>gy az elfelejtett jelszavak is
megv<EFBFBD>ltoztathat<EFBFBD>ak.
.PP
Miut<EFBFBD>n a felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD> be<62>rta a jelszav<61>t, a \fBpasswd\fR megvizsg<73>lja, hogyan
rendelkezett a rendszergazda a jelszavak "szavatoss<73>gi idej<65>r<EFBFBD>l". Amennyiben
az id<69> nem alkalmas a jelsz<73> megv<67>ltoztat<61>s<EFBFBD>ra, \fBpasswd\fR kil<69>p minden
v<EFBFBD>ltoztat<EFBFBD>s n<>lk<6C>l.
.PP
Ezekut<EFBFBD>n a program bek<65>ri a felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>t<EFBFBD>l az <20>j jelsz<73>t, majd
megvizsg<EFBFBD>lja hogy el<65>g bonyolult-e.
<EFBFBD>ltal<EFBFBD>nos szab<61>lyk<79>nt elmondhat<61>, hogy a jelszavak j<>k, ha 6-8 karakterb<72>l
<EFBFBD>llnak, <20>s a k<>vetkez<65> jelk<6C>szletekb<6B>l tartalmaz elemeket:
.IP "" .5i
Az ABC kis bet<65>i
.IP "" .5i
Az ABC nagy bet<65>i
.IP "" .5i
Sz<EFBFBD>mok 0 <20>s 9 k<>z<EFBFBD>tt
.IP "" .5i
<EFBFBD>r<EFBFBD>sjelek
.PP
Fontos odafigyelni, hogy ne tartalmazzon az adott rendszeren haszn<7A>lt
"erase" <20>s "kill" k<>d<EFBFBD> karaktereket.
A \fBpasswd\fR nem fogad el nem el<65>gg<67> bonyolult jelsz<73>t.
.PP
Ha a jelsz<73> elfogadhat<61>,
a \fBpasswd\fR a biztons<6E>g kedv<64><76>rt m<>g egyszer bek<65>ri az <20>j jelsz<73>t, <20>s
csak akkor hajtja v<>gre a v<>ltoztat<61>st, ha a k<>t bevitt jelsz<73> megegyezik.
.SS Csoportok jelszavai
A \fB-g\fR kapcsol<6F> haszn<7A>lata eset<65>n a megadott nev<65> csoport jelszava
v<EFBFBD>ltozik meg. Ezt csak a rendszergazda vagy a csoport adminisztr<74>tora teheti
meg.
A jelenlegi csoportjelszavat nem k<>ri v<>ltoztat<61>s el<65>tt.
Az \fB-r\fR kapcsol<6F>t a \fB-g\fR kapcsol<6F>val haszn<7A>lva lehet a csoport jelszav<61>t kikapcsolni, ez<65>ltal minden tag haszn<7A>lhatja a csoportot.
Az \fB-R\fR kapcsol<6F> a \fB-g\fR kapcsol<6F>val haszn<7A>lva a csoport minden felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD> el<65>tt lez<65>rul.
.SS A jelszavak "szavatoss<73>gi ideje"
A jelszavak el<65>v<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD>si idej<65>t a rendszergazda a \fB-x\fR, \fB-n\fR, \fB-w\fR, <20>s \fB-i\fR kapcsol<6F>kkal szab<61>lyozhatja.
A \fB-x\fR kapcsol<6F> a jelsz<73>cser<65>k k<>zti maxim<69>lis id<69>t <20>ll<6C>tja be.
A jelsz<73>t legk<67>s<EFBFBD>bb \fImax\fR naponk<6E>nt meg kell v<>ltoztatni.
Az \fB-n\fR kapcsol<6F> a k<>t jelsz<73>csere k<>z<EFBFBD>tti minim<69>lis id<69>t szab<61>lyozza: a felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD> addig nem v<>ltoztathatja meg jelszav<61>t, am<61>g legal<61>bb
\fImin\fR nap el nem telt az el<65>z<EFBFBD> v<>ltoztat<61>s <20>ta.
A \fB-w\fR kapcsol<6F>val azt <20>ll<6C>thatod be, hogy h<>ny nappal a jelsz<73> lej<65>rta el<65>tt kezdje el a rendszer a felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>t figyelmeztetni. Az els<6C> figyelmeztet<65>s \fIfigy\fR nappal a lej<65>rat el<65>tt jelenik meg, <20>s ut<75>na naponta t<>j<EFBFBD>koztatja a felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>t a m<>g h<>tral<61>v<EFBFBD> napok sz<73>m<EFBFBD>r<EFBFBD>l.
Az \fB-i\fR kapcsol<6F> \fIinakt\fR nappal a jelsz<73> lej<65>rta ut<75>n lez<65>rja a felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD> bel<65>p<EFBFBD>si lehet<65>s<EFBFBD>g<EFBFBD>t.
.SS Jogosults<EFBFBD>g-kezel<65>s
A felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>k lez<65>rhat<61>ak <20>s <20>jra beengedhet<65>ek a \fB-l\fR <20>s a \fB-u\fR kapcsol<6F>kkal.
Az \fB-l\fR kapcsol<6F> a jelsz<73>t kicser<65>li egy olyan <20>rt<72>kre, ami semmilyen lehets<74>ges jelsz<73> k<>dolt <20>rt<72>k<EFBFBD>vel nem egyezik.
Az \fB-u\fR kapcsol<6F> vissza<7A>ll<6C>tja a jelsz<73>t a r<>gire, <20>s <20>gy <20>jra enged<65>lyezi a bel<65>p<EFBFBD>st.
.PP
A jogosults<74>gok az \fB-S\fR kapcsol<6F>val <20>ll<6C>that<61>ak be. Ez 6 r<>szb<7A>l <20>ll:
Az els<6C> azt jelzi, hogy a felhasz<73>l<EFBFBD> le van z<>rva (L), nincs jelszava (NP), vagy van <20>rv<72>nyes jelszava (P).
A m<>sodik r<>sz az utols<6C> jelsz<73>v<EFBFBD>ltoztat<61>s d<>tuma.
A k<>vetkez<65> n<>gy r<>sz a jelszavak minim<69>lis <20>s maxim<69>lis ideje, az els<6C> figyelmeztet<65>s a jelsz<73> lej<65>rta el<65>tt <20>s hogy mennyi ideig <20>l a jelsz<73> lej<65>rta ut<75>n.
.SS Tippek a felhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD>i jelszavakhoz
Egy jelszavas rendszer biztons<6E>ga a k<>dol<6F>si algoritmus er<65>ss<73>g<EFBFBD>t<EFBFBD>l <20>s a lehets<74>ges kulcsok sz<73>m<EFBFBD>t<EFBFBD>l f<>gg.
A \fB\s-2UNIX\s+2\fR rendszerek k<>dol<6F>si m<>dja az NBS DES algoritmuson alapul, <20>s nagyon biztons<6E>gos. A lehets<74>ges kulcsok sz<73>ma a v<>lasztott jelsz<73> v<>letlenszer<65>s<EFBFBD>g<EFBFBD>n m<>lik.
.PP
A jelszavas rendszerek felt<6C>r<EFBFBD>se legt<67>bbsz<73>r a gondatlanul megv<67>lasztott jelsz<73>v<EFBFBD>laszt<7A>snak vagy a jelszavak cser<65>lget<65>s<EFBFBD>nek eredm<64>nye.
Ezen okok miatt c<>lszer<65> olyan jelsz<73>t v<>lasztanod, ami nem szerepel a sz<73>t<EFBFBD>rban <20>s nem sz<73>ks<6B>ges le<6C>rnod. Tipikusan rossz v<>laszt<7A>s m<>g, ha valamilyen nevet, valamilyen azonos<6F>t<EFBFBD>sz<73>modat, sz<73>let<65>snapodat, vagy c<>medet haszn<7A>lod jelsz<73>k<EFBFBD>nt.
Ezeket legt<67>bbsz<73>r minden m<>s lehet<65>s<EFBFBD>g vizsg<73>lata el<65>tt kipr<70>b<EFBFBD>lja a potenci<63>lis cracker.
.PP
Igyekezz olyan jelsz<73>t v<>lasztani, amit k<>nnyen megjegyzel <20>s <20>gy nem vagy
arra szorulva, hogy le kelljen <20>rnod.
Ezt p<>ld<6C>ul <20>gy <20>rheted el, hogy k<>t r<>videbb sz<73>t elv<6C>lasztasz egy sz<73>mmal
vagy valamilyen karakterrel, p<>ld<6C>ul jel@szo
.PP
A m<>sik m<>dszer, hogy egy k<>nnyen megjegyezhet<65> mondat vagy id<69>zet minden
szav<EFBFBD>nak els<6C> vagy utols<6C> bet<65>j<EFBFBD>t <20>rod egym<79>s ut<75>n.
<EFBFBD>gy p<>ld<6C>ul a
.IP "" .5i
Morzsa kuty<74>m hegyezd f<>led
.PP
-b<>l
.IP "" .5i
Maqmhdfd
.PP
lesz.
Feltehet<EFBFBD>leg kev<65>s cracker sz<73>t<EFBFBD>r<EFBFBD>ban fog szerepelni ez a sz<73>.
Ennek ellen<65>re a m<>g nagyobb biztons<6E>g kedv<64><76>rt <20>rdemes valamilyen saj<61>t
m<EFBFBD>dszert kital<61>lnod jelszavak k<>sz<73>t<EFBFBD>s<EFBFBD>re.
.SS Megjegyz<EFBFBD>s a csoportok jelszavair<EFBFBD>l
A csoportok jelszavai <20>lland<6E> biztons<6E>gi probl<62>m<EFBFBD>t jelenthetnek, mivel
nemcsak egy ember ismerheti a jelszavat. A csoport-kezel<65>s azonban
hasznos abban az esetben, ha t<>bb felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD> egy<67>ttm<74>k<EFBFBD>d<EFBFBD>s<EFBFBD>t kell
megoldani.
.SH FIGYELMEZTET<EFBFBD>S
Nem biztos, hogy minden kapcsol<6F> felhaszn<7A>lhat<61>.
Az, hogy hogyan vizsg<73>lja a jelszavak bonyolults<74>g<EFBFBD>t, rendszerr<72>l rendszerre
v<EFBFBD>ltozhat.
Minden felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>nak c<>lszer<65> a lehet<65> legbonyolultabb, de m<>g haszn<7A>lhat<61>
jelsz<EFBFBD>t haszn<7A>lnia.
Ha NIS-t haszn<7A>l a felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>k azonos<6F>t<EFBFBD>s<EFBFBD>ra a rendszer <20>s a felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD> nem
l<EFBFBD>pett be a NIS kiszolg<6C>l<EFBFBD>ra, nem v<>ltoztathatja meg jelszav<61>t.
.SH F<EFBFBD>JLOK
\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>i inform<72>ci<63>k
.br
\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- k<>dolt felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>i jelszavak
.SH L<EFBFBD>SD M<EFBFBD>G
.BR passwd (3),
.BR shadow (3),
.BR group (5),
.BR passwd (5)
.SH MAGYAR FORD<EFBFBD>T<EFBFBD>S
<EFBFBD>rdi "Cactus" Gerg<72> <cactus@freemail.c3.hu>

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.so man1/newgrp.1

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.\" You may copy, distribute and modify under the terms of the LDP General
.\" Public License as specified in the LICENSE file that comes with the
.\" gnumaniak distribution
.\"
.\" The author kindly requests that no comments regarding the "better"
.\" suitability or up-to-date notices of any info documentation alternative
.\" is added without contacting him first.
.\"
.\" (C) 1999 Ragnar Hojland Espinosa <ragnar@macula.net>
.\"
.\" GNU su man page
.\" man pages are NOT obsolete!
.\" <ragnar@macula.net>
.TH su 1 "18 August 1999" "GNU Shell Utilities 2.0"
.SH N<EFBFBD>V
su \- ind<6E>t egy shellt m<>s felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>- <20>s csoportazonos<6F>t<EFBFBD>val
.SH <EFBFBD>TTEKINT<EFBFBD>S
.B su
.BI "[\-] [\-flmp] [\-c " parancs "] [\-s " shell "] [\-\-fast] [\-\-login]"
.B [\-\-preserve-environment]
.BI "[\-\-command=" parancs "] [\-\-shell=" shell "]"
.BI [ felhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD> " [" argumentum... ]]
.sp
.B su [\-\-help] [\-\-version]
.SH LE<EFBFBD>R<EFBFBD>S
Az
.B su
parancs lehet<65>v<EFBFBD> teszi, hogy ideiglenesen m<>s felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>v<EFBFBD> v<>lhassunk
<EFBFBD>gy, hogy egy <20>j shell-t ind<6E>t a k<>rt
.I felhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD>
val<EFBFBD>s <EFBFBD>s effekt<EFBFBD>v felhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD>i azonos<EFBFBD>t<EFBFBD>j<EFBFBD>val, csoportazonos<EFBFBD>t<EFBFBD>j<EFBFBD>val <EFBFBD>s
m<EFBFBD>sodlagos csoportjaival. Ha nem adunk meg
.IR felhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD> -t,
az alap<61>rtelmezett <20>rt<72>k a root (super-user). Az a shell indul el, ami a
.I felhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD>
passwd bejegyz<EFBFBD>s<EFBFBD>ben szerepel, ha ott nincs
semmi, akkor a /bin/sh. Ha a
.IR felhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD> -nak
van jelszava, akkor az
.B su
meg fogja azt k<>rdezni, kiv<69>ve ha root-k<>nt (a felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>i azonos<6F>t<EFBFBD> 0)
futtatjuk.
.PP
Alap<EFBFBD>rtelmez<EFBFBD>sben az
.B su
nem v<>ltoztatja meg az aktu<74>lis k<>nyvt<76>rat. <20>t<EFBFBD>ll<6C>tja a
.B HOME
<EFBFBD>s a
.B SHELL
k<EFBFBD>rnyezeti v<EFBFBD>ltoz<EFBFBD>kat a
.I felhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD>
password bejegyz<79>s<EFBFBD>b<EFBFBD>l kin<69>zett <20>rt<72>kekre, <20>s ha a
.I felhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD>
nem a root (a super-user) a
.BR USER <EFBFBD>s LOGNAME
v<EFBFBD>ltoz<EFBFBD>kat a
.I felhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD>
nev<EFBFBD>re <20>ll<6C>tja. Az alap<61>rtelmez<65>s az, hogy az elindul<75> shell nem lesz
bejelentkez<EFBFBD>si shell.
.PP
Ha megadunk
.IR argumentum -k<>nt
valamit, az is <20>tad<61>dik az indul<75> shellnek.
.PP
Az
.B su
se a /bin/sh-t, se m<>s shell-eket nem kezel speci<63>lisan.
(ilyen az argv[0] "-su"-ra <20>ll<6C>t<EFBFBD>sa, vagy a -c param<61>ter csak
bizonyos shelleknek val<61> <20>tad<61>sa, stb.)
.PP
Azokon a rendszereken, ahol van
.RB syslog (3) ,
az
.B su
ford<EFBFBD>that<EFBFBD> <20>gy is, hogy a sikertelen, vagy opcion<6F>lisan a
sikeres pr<70>b<EFBFBD>lkoz<6F>sokat is napl<70>ztassa a sysloggal.
.SH OPCI<EFBFBD>K
.TP
.BI "\-c " parancs ", \-\-command=" parancs
Csak a
.I parancs
parancsot hajtatja v<>gre a shell-lel a
.B \-c
opci<EFBFBD> seg<65>ts<74>g<EFBFBD>vel, <20>gy a shell nem interakt<6B>van
indul el.
.TP
.B "\-f, \-\-fast"
Be<EFBFBD>ll<EFBFBD>tja a
.B \-f
opci<EFBFBD>t az indul<75> shelln<6C>l. Ennek tal<61>n csak a
.BR csh (1)
<EFBFBD>s a
.BR tcsh (1),
shellekn<EFBFBD>l van <20>rtelme ahol
.B \-f
opci<EFBFBD> megakad<61>lyozza, hogy a startup f<>jlt (.cshrc) a shell beolvassa.
A Bourne-hoz hasonl<6E> shellekn<6B>l a
.B \-f
opci<EFBFBD> letiltja a f<>jln<6C>v mint<6E>k kiterjeszt<7A>s<EFBFBD>t (filename pattern
expansion), ami <20>ltal<61>ban nem k<>v<EFBFBD>natos dolog.
.TP
.B "\-, \-l, \-\-login"
A shellt bejelentkez<65>si shellk<6C>nt ind<6E>tja. Ez a k<>vetkez<65>ket jelenti:
t<EFBFBD>rli az <20>sszes k<>rnyezeti v<>ltoz<6F>t, kiv<69>ve a
.BR TERM "-et, " HOME -ot,
<EFBFBD>s a
.BR SHELL -t
(amiket a fent le<EFBFBD>rt m<EFBFBD>don <EFBFBD>ll<EFBFBD>t <EFBFBD>t), <EFBFBD>s a
.BR USER "-t <20>s " LOGNAME -t
(amiket szint<EFBFBD>n a fent le<EFBFBD>rt m<EFBFBD>don <EFBFBD>ll<EFBFBD>t <EFBFBD>t
a rootnak), tov<6F>bb<62> a
.BR PATH -t,
amit a ford<EFBFBD>t<EFBFBD>skor meghat<EFBFBD>rozott
alap<EFBFBD>rt<EFBFBD>kre <EFBFBD>ll<EFBFBD>t. Az aktu<EFBFBD>lis k<EFBFBD>nyvt<EFBFBD>rat a
.I felhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD>
home-k<>nyvt<76>r<EFBFBD>ra
<EFBFBD>ll<EFBFBD>tja. A shell neve el<65> egy
.B \- -t
sz<EFBFBD>r be, <EFBFBD>gy el<EFBFBD>ri azt, hogy
az beolvassa a startup f<>jlj<6C>t illetve f<>jljait.
.TP
.B "\-m, \-p, \-\-preserve\-environment"
Nem <20>ll<6C>tja <20>t a
.BR HOME ", " USER ", " LOGNAME ", <20>s " SHELL
k<EFBFBD>rnyezeti v<>ltoz<6F>kat. Azt a shellt ind<6E>tja, ami a
.B SHELL
v<EFBFBD>ltoz<EFBFBD>ban van a passwd f<EFBFBD>jlban l<EFBFBD>v<EFBFBD> helyett, de csak akkor, ha az
.B su
parancsot vagy a superuser futtatja, vagy nem egy korl<72>tozott
(restricted) shellt akar futtatni. Az a shell korl<72>tozott, ami nem
szerepel a /etc/shells f<>jlban, vagy
az
.B su
bels<EFBFBD> list<73>j<EFBFBD>ban, ha ez a f<>jl nem l<>tezik. Az opci<63> hat<61>sainak egy r<>sz<73>t a
.B \-\-login
<EFBFBD>s a
.B \-\-shell
opci<EFBFBD>k hat<61>stalan<61>tj<74>k.
.TP
.BI "\-s, \-\-shell " shell
A
.IR shell "-t ind<6E>tja a " felhaszn<EFBFBD>l<EFBFBD>
/etc/passwd f<EFBFBD>jlban szerepl<EFBFBD>
shellje helyett, ha parancsot vagy a superuser futtatja,
vagy ha nem korl<72>tozott shellt akar futtatni. (Korl<72>tozott
shell-t l<>sd fentebb.)
.TP
.B "\-\-help"
Haszn<EFBFBD>lati <20>tmutat<61>t <20>r a standard kimenetre, majd sikeres visszat<61>r<EFBFBD>si <20>rt<72>kkel kil<69>p.
.TP
.B "\-\-version"
A program verzi<7A>j<EFBFBD>r<EFBFBD>l <20>r ki inform<72>ci<63>t a standard kimenetre, majd
sikeres visszat<61>r<EFBFBD>si <20>rt<72>kkel kil<69>p.
.SH Mi<EFBFBD>rt nem t<EFBFBD>mogatja a GNU su a wheel csoportot? (Richard Stallman)
N<EFBFBD>ha a rendszer f<>l<EFBFBD>tti teljes ellen<65>rz<72>st egy n<>h<EFBFBD>ny emberb<72>l
<EFBFBD>ll<EFBFBD> csoport akarja k<>zbe venni. P<>ld<6C>ul 1984-ben p<>r user a MIT AI
laborban <20>gy d<>nt<6E>tt, hogy <20>tveszik az ir<69>ny<6E>t<EFBFBD>st a Twenex rendszer
oper<EFBFBD>tori jelszav<61>nak megv<67>ltoztat<61>s<EFBFBD>val, <20>s annak titokban tart<72>s<EFBFBD>val.
(A puccsot siker<65>lt leverni, <20>s a felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>kat jogaikba visszahelyezni
egy kernel patch seg<65>ts<74>g<EFBFBD>vel, de Unix alatt ezt nem tudtam volna megcsin<69>lni.)
(A ford<72>t<EFBFBD> megj.: a wheel csoportot ezzel a m<>dszerrel k<>nnyen
<EFBFBD>nk<EFBFBD>nyesen is lesz<73>k<EFBFBD>thetik a csoporttagok , <20>gy tulajdonk<6E>ppen nincs sok <20>rtelme.)
.PP
N<EFBFBD>ha az uralmon lev<65>k el<65>rulj<6C>k a root jelsz<73>t. A szok<6F>sos su
mechanizmus szerint, ha valaki megtudja a root jelsz<73>t, <20>s
szimpatiz<EFBFBD>l a t<>bbi k<>z<EFBFBD>ns<6E>ges felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD>val, el<65>rulhatja nekik
is. A wheel csoport ezt lehetetlenn<6E> tenn<6E>, <20>s <20>gy bebetonozn<7A> az
uralmon lev<65> hatalm<6C>t.
.PP
<EFBFBD>n a t<>megek oldal<61>n <20>llok, nem az uralkod<6F>k<EFBFBD>n. Ha te mindig a
f<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>k<EFBFBD>k <20>s a rendszergazd<7A>k oldal<61>n <20>llsz, b<>rmit is tesznek, akkor
val<EFBFBD>sz<EFBFBD>n<EFBFBD>leg furcs<63>lni fogod ezt a hozz<7A><7A>ll<6C>st.
.PP
A ford<72>t<EFBFBD> megjegyz<79>se:
Valami j<> az<61>rt m<>gis lenne a wheel csoportban: az, hogy ha a root
jelsz<EFBFBD> kitud<75>dna azzal nem tudna b<>rmelyik felhaszn<7A>l<EFBFBD> k<>zvetlen<65>l
vissza<EFBFBD>lni. A wheel csoporthoz hasonl<6E> dolgot lehet el<65>rni a
.B sudo
csomaggal.
.SH MEGJEGYZ<EFBFBD>S
A hib<69>kat a bug-sh-utils@gnu.org c<>men lehet jelenteni.
Az oldalt Ragnar Hojland Espinosa <ragnar@macula.net> friss<73>tette.
.SH MAGYAR FORD<EFBFBD>T<EFBFBD>S
Havasi Ferenc <hafy@prins.externet.hu> <20>s T<>m<EFBFBD>r Andr<64>s <timar_a@freemail.hu>

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@@ -26,4 +26,6 @@ man_MANS = \
usermod.8 \
vigr.8 \
vipw.8
EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS)

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@@ -179,6 +179,8 @@ man_MANS = \
vigr.8 \
vipw.8
EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS)
subdir = man/it
ACLOCAL_M4 = $(top_srcdir)/aclocal.m4
mkinstalldirs = $(SHELL) $(top_srcdir)/mkinstalldirs

1
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
.so man8/useradd.8

74
man/it/chfn.1 Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
.\" $Id: chfn.1,v 1.1 2002/03/10 07:41:06 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.\" chfn.1 -- change your finger information
.\" (c) 1994 by salvatore valente <svalente@athena.mit.edu>
.\"
.\"
.\" Traduzione in italiano di Giovanni Bortolozzo <borto@dei.unipd.it>
.\" Agosto 1996
.\"
.\" this program is free software. you can redistribute it and
.\" modify it under the terms of the gnu general public license.
.\" there is no warranty.
.\"
.\" $Author: kloczek $
.\" $Revision: 1.1 $
.\" $Date: 2002/03/10 07:41:06 $
.\"
.\" " for hilit19
.TH CHFN 1 "13 ottobre 1994" "chfn" "Linux Reference Manual"
.SH NOME
chfn \- cambia le proprie "finger information"
.SH SINTASSI
.B chfn
[\ \-f\ nome_vero\] [\ \-o\ ufficio\] [\ \-p\ telefono_ufficio\]
[\ \-h\ telefono_casa\] [\ \-u\ ] [\ \-v\ ] [\ nome_utente\]
.SH DESCRIZIONE
.B chfn
<EFBFBD> usato per cambiare le proprie finger information. Queste informazioni sono
salvate nel file
.IR /etc/passwd ,
e sono mostrate dal programma
.BR finger .
Il comando
.B finger
di Linux mostra quattro porzioni di informazione che possono essere
cambiati tramite
.BR chfn :
il proprio nome vero, l'ufficio e il numero di telefono di quest'ultimo, e il
proprio numero di telefono di casa.
.SS LINEA DI COMANDO
Ognuno delle quattro porzioni pu<70> essere specificata nella linea di comando.
Se non viene passata alcuna informazione sulla linea di comando,
.B chfn
entra in modo interattivo.
.SS MODO INTERATTIVO
Nel modo interattivo,
.B chfn
chieder<EFBFBD> ognuno dei campi. Al prompt, possono essere immesse le nuove
informazioni, o premere return per non cambiare il campo. L'immissione della
parola chiave "none" cancella il campo.
.SH OPZIONI
.TP
.I "\-f, \-\-full-name"
Specifica il proprio nome reale.
.TP
.I "\-o, \-\-office"
Specifica il numero del proprio ufficio.
.TP
.I "\-p, \-\-office-phone"
Specifica il numero di telefono del proprio ufficio.
.TP
.I "\-h, \-\-home-phone"
Specifica il numero di telefono di casa.
.TP
.I "\-u, \-\-help"
Mostra un messaggio d'aiuto ed esce.
.TP
.I "-v, \-\-version"
Mostra informazioni sulla versione ed esce.
.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
.BR finger (1),
.BR passwd (5)
.SH AUTORE
Salvatore Valente <svalente@mit.edu>

58
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@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
.\" $Id: chsh.1,v 1.1 2002/03/10 07:41:06 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.\" chsh.1 -- change your login shell
.\" (c) 1994 by salvatore valente <svalente@athena.mit.edu>
.\"
.\" Traduzione in italiano di Giovanni Bortolozzo <borto@dei.unipd.it>
.\" Agosto 1996
.\" Aggiornamento alla 2.9 di Roberto Pertile <triplej@iol.it>
.\" Maggio 1999
.\" this program is free software. you can redistribute it and
.\" modify it under the terms of the gnu general public license.
.\" there is no warranty.
.\"
.\" $Author: kloczek $
.\" $Revision: 1.1 $
.\" $Date: 2002/03/10 07:41:06 $
.\"
.TH CHSH 1 "7 ottobre 1998" "chsh" "Linux Reference Manual"
.SH NOME
chsh \- cambia la shell di login
.SH SINTASSI
.B chsh
[\ \-s\ shell\ ] [\ \-l\ ] [\ \-u\ ] [\ \-v\ ] [\ nome_utente\ ]
.SH DESCRIZIONE
.B chsh
<EFBFBD> usato per cambiare la propria shell di login.
Se nella linea di comando non viene fornita una shell,
.B chsh
ne chiede una.
.SS SHELL VALIDE
.B chsh
accetter<EFBFBD> l'intero percorso di qualunque file eseguibile nel sistema.
Tuttavia, emetter<65> un messaggio di avviso se la shell non <20> elencata nel
file
.I /etc/shells.
D'altra parte, pu<70> anche essere configurato in modo tale da accettare solo
shell elencate in questo file, a meno che sia eseguito da root.
.SH OPZIONI
.TP
.I "\-s, \-\-shell"
Specifica la propria shell di login.
.TP
.I "\-l, \-\-list-shells"
Stampa la lista delle shell elencate in
.I /etc/shells
ed esce.
.TP
.I "\-u, \-\-help"
Stampa un messaggio sull'uso ed esce.
.TP
.I "-v, \-\-version"
Stampa informazioni sulla versione ed esce.
.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
.BR login (1),
.BR passwd (5),
.BR shells (5)
.SH AUTORE
Salvatore Valente <svalente@mit.edu>

76
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@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
.\" Copyright 1996, Rafal Maszkowski, rzm@pdi.net
.\" All rights reserved. You can redistribute this man page and/or
.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
.\" License, or (at your option) any later version.
.\"
.\" $Id: gpasswd.1,v 1.3 2003/04/28 06:09:52 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.\" Traduzione in italiano a cura di Isabella Ruocco <isacher@nettaxi.com>
.\" luglio 1999
.\"
.TH GPASSWD 1
.SH NOME
gpasswd \- amministra il file /etc/group
.br
.SH SINTASSI
.B gpasswd \fIgruppo\fR
.br
.B gpasswd
.B -a
\fIutente\fR \fIgruppo\fR
.br
.B gpasswd
.B -d
\fIutente\fR \fIgruppo\fR
.br
.B gpasswd
.B -R
\fIgruppo\fR
.br
.B gpasswd
.B -r
\fIgruppo\fR
.br
.B gpasswd
.RB [ -A
\fIutente\fR,...]
.RB [ -M
\fIutente\fR,...]
\fIgruppo\fR
.br
.SH DESCRIZIONE
.B gpasswd
viene usato per amministrare il file /etc/group (ed il file /etc/gshadow
se compilato con SHADOWGRP definito). Ogni gruppo pu<70> avere amministratori,
membri ed una password. L'amministratore di sistema pu<70> usare l'opzione \fB-A\fR
per definire l'amministratore/gli amministratori di gruppo e l'opzione \fB-M\fR
per definire i membri ed ha tutti i diritti degli amministratori di gruppo e
dei membri.
.PP
L'amministratore di gruppo pu<70> aggiungere e rimuovere utenti usando
rispettivamente le opzioni \fB-a\fR e \fB-d\fR. Gli amministratori possono usare
l'opzione \fB-r\fR per rimuovere la password di gruppo. Quando non <20>
impostata alcuna password solo i membri del gruppo possono usare
.BR newgrp (1)
per unirsi al gruppo. L'opzione \fB-R\fR disabilita l'accesso al gruppo tramite
il comando
.BR newgrp (1).
.PP
.B gpasswd
invocata da un amministratore di gruppo con il solo nome del gruppo richiede
solamente la password di gruppo. Se la password <20> impostata i membri possono ancora
usare
.BR newgrp (1)
senza la password, i non-membri devono fornire la password.
.SH FILE
\fI/etc/group\fR \- informazioni sui gruppi
.br
\fI/etc/gshadow\fR \- informazioni sul gruppo shadow
.SH VEDERE ANCHE
.BR newgrp (1),
.BR groupadd (8),
.BR groupdel (8),
.BR groupmod (8),
.BR grpck (8)

64
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@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
.\" Copyright 1991, Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $Id: groupadd.8,v 1.4 2004/01/05 01:08:26 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.\" Traduzione in italiano a cura di Isabella Ruocco <isacher@nettaxi.com>
.\" luglio 1999
.\"
.TH GROUPADD 8
.SH NOME
groupadd \- Crea un nuovo gruppo
.SH SINTASSI
\fBgroupadd\fR [\fB-g\fI gid \fR[\fB-o\fR]] [\fB-f\fR] \fIgruppo\fR
.SH DESCRIZIONE
Il comando \fBgroupadd\fR crea un nuovo account di gruppo usando i valori
specificati sulla linea di comando ed i valori predefiniti dal sistema.
Il nuovo gruppo verr<72> aggiunto ai file di sistema che lo necessitano.
Le opzioni che si applicano al comando \fBgroupadd\fR sono
.IP "\fB-g \fIgid\fR"
Il valore numerico dell'identificatore (ID) del gruppo.
Questo valore deve essere univoco, a meno che non venga usata l'opzione \fB-o\fR.
Il valore deve essere non-negativo.
La scelta predefinita <20> quella di usare il minimo valore di ID superiore a 99
e superiore a qualunque altro gruppo.
Valori tra 0 e 99 sono tipicamente riservati per account di sistema.
.SH FILE
\fI/etc/group\fR \- informazioni sugli account di gruppo
.br
\fI/etc/gshadow\fR \- informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo
.SH VEDERE ANCHE
.BR chfn (1),
.BR chsh (1),
.BR useradd (8),
.BR userdel (8),
.BR usermod (8),
.BR passwd (1),
.BR groupdel (8),
.BR groupmod (8)
.SH AUTORE
Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com)

63
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@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
.\" Copyright 1991 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $Id: groupdel.8,v 1.3 2003/04/28 06:09:52 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.\" Traduzione in italiano a cura di Isabella Ruocco <isacher@nettaxi.com>
.\" luglio 1999
.\"
.TH GROUPDEL 8
.SH NOME
groupdel \- Rimuove un gruppo
.SH SINTASSI
.B groupdel
.I gruppo
.SH DESCRIZIONE
Il comando \fBgroupdel\fR modifica i file di account di sistema, rimuovendo
tutte le voci che si riferiscono a \fIgruppo\fR.
Il gruppo nominato deve esistere.
.PP
Occorre controllare manualmente tutti i filesystem per assicurarsi che non
rimanga alcun file avente come ID di gruppo del file il gruppo specificato.
.SH CAVEAT
Non si pu<70> rimuovere il gruppo primario di qualche utente esistente.
Occorre rimuovere l'utente prima di rimuovere il gruppo.
.SH FILE
\fI/etc/group\fR \- informazioni sui gruppi
.br
\fI/etc/gshadow\fR \- informazioni sicure sui gruppi
.SH VEDERE ANCHE
.BR chfn (1),
.BR chsh (1),
.BR useradd (8),
.BR userdel (8),
.BR usermod (8),
.BR passwd (1),
.BR groupadd (8),
.BR groupmod (8)
.SH AUTORE
Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com)

69
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@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
.\" Copyright 1991, Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $Id: groupmod.8,v 1.3 2003/04/28 06:09:52 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.\" Traduzione in italiano a cura di Isabella Ruocco <isacher@nettaxi.com>
.\" luglio 1999
.\"
.TH GROUPMOD 8
.SH NOME
groupmod \- Modifica un gruppo
.SH SINTASSI
.B groupmod
[\fB-g\fI gid \fR[\fB-o\fR]]
[\fB-n\fI nome_gruppo \fR]
.I gruppo
.SH DESCRIZIONE
Il comando \fBgroupmod\fR modifica i file di account del sistema in modo
da riflettere i cambiamenti che sono specificati sulla linea di comando.
Le opzioni che si applicano al comando \fIgroupmod\fR sono
.IP "\fB-g \fIgid\fR"
Il valore numerico dell'identificatore (ID) del gruppo.
Questo valore deve essere univoco, a meno che non venga usata l'opzione
\fB-o\fR.
Il valore deve essere non-negativo.
Valori tra 0 e 99 sono tipicamente riservati per gruppi di sistema.
Occorre modificare manualmente l'ID di gruppo di tutti i file
il cui ID di gruppo <20> quello vecchio.
.IP "\fB-n \fInome_gruppo\fR"
Il nome del gruppo verr<72> modificato da \fIgruppo\fR a \fInome_gruppo\fR.
.SH FILE
\fI/etc/group\fR \- informazioni sui gruppi
.br
\fI/etc/gshadow\fR \- informazioni sicure sui gruppi
.SH VEDERE ANCHE
.BR chfn (1),
.BR chsh (1),
.BR useradd (8),
.BR userdel (8),
.BR usermod (8),
.BR passwd (1),
.BR groupadd (8),
.BR groupdel (8)
.SH AUTORE
Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com)

46
man/it/groups.1 Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
.\" $Id: groups.1,v 1.1 2002/03/10 07:41:06 kloczek Exp $
.\" Italian manpages for GNU sh-utils-1.16.
.\" Copyright (C) 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.\" Giovanni Bortolozzo <borto@dei.unipd.it>, 1997.
.\"
.\" Traduzione di Giovanni Bortolozzo <borto@dei.unipd.it>
.\" Maggio 1997
.\"
.\"" for hilit19
.TH GROUPS 1 "GNU Shell Utilities" "FSF"
.SH NOME
groups \- mostra i gruppi in cui <20> presente l'utente
.SH SINTASSI
.B groups
[nomeutente...]
.br
.B groups
{\-\-help,\-\-version}
.SH DESCRIZIONE
Questa documentazione non <20> mantenuta da lungo tempo e potrebbe essere
inaccurata o incompleta. La documentazione in Texinfo <20> ora la fonte
autorevole.
.PP
Questa pagina di manuale documenta la versione GNU di
.BR groups .
.B groups
mostra i nomi dei gruppi supplementari in cui <20> presente ogni
.I nomeutente
dato, o del processo corrente se non ne <20> dato nessuno. Se sono dati
dei nomi di utenti, il nome di ogni utente <20> stampato prima della
lista dei gruppi dell'utente.
.PP
La lista dei gruppi <20> equivalente all'output del comando `id \-Gn'.
.SS OPZIONI
Quando GNU
.B groups
<EFBFBD> chiamato con un solo argomento sono riconosciute le seguenti
opzioni:
.TP
.I "\-\-help"
Mostra nello standard output un messaggio d'aiuto ed esce con successo.
.TP
.I "\-\-version"
Mostra nello standard output informazioni sulla versione ed esce con
successo.

108
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@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
.\" Copyright 1992 - 1993, Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $Id: grpck.8,v 1.3 2003/04/28 06:09:52 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.\" Traduzione in italiano a cura di Isabella Ruocco <isacher@nettaxi.com>
.\" luglio 1999
.\"
.TH GRPCK 8
.SH NOME
grpck \- verifica l'integrit<69> dei file di gruppo
.SH SINTASSI
\fBgrpck\fR [\fB-r\fR] [\fIgruppo\fR \fIshadow\fR]
.SH DESCRIZIONE
\fBgrpck\fR verifica l'integrit<69> delle informazioni di autenticazione del
sistema.
Vengono controllate tutte le voci in \fI/etc/group\fR e \fI/etc/gshadow\fR
per verificare che la voce abbia il formato appropriato e dati validi
in ciascun campo.
Viene richiesto all'utente di rimuovere le voci che sono formattate
impropriamente o che hanno altri errori incorreggibili.
.P
Vengono fatti controlli per verificare che ogni voce abbia
.sp
.in +.5i
- il corretto numero di campi
.br
- un nome univoco di gruppo
.br
- una lista valida di membri ed amministratori
.in -.5i
.sp
.P
Le verifiche sul corretto numero di campi e sul nome univoco del gruppo
sono fatali.
Se la voce ha un numero errato di campi, all'utente verr<72> richiesto di
cancellare l'intera riga.
Se l'utente non risponde affermativamente, vengono omessi tutti gli
ulteriori controlli.
Verr<EFBFBD> richiesta la cancellazione di una voce avente il nome del gruppo duplicato,
ma i rimanenti controlli verranno ugualmente effettuati.
Tutti gli altri errori sono avvertimenti e l'utente <20> incitato ad eseguire
il comando \fBgroupmod\fR per correggere l'errore.
.P
I comandi che operano sul file \fI/etc/group\fR non sono in grado di alterare
voci corrotte o duplicate.
In quelle circostanze dovrebbe essere usato \fBgrpck\fR per rimuovere la voce
scorretta.
.SH OPZIONI
Come modalit<69> predefinita, \fBgrpck\fR opera sui file \fI/etc/group\fR ed
\fI/etc/gshadow\fR.
L'utente pu<70> selezionare file alternativi con i parametri \fIgruppo\fR e
\fIshadow\fR.
Inoltre, l'utente pu<70> eseguire il comando in modalit<69> di sola lettura
specificando l'opzione \fB-r\fR.
Questa fa in modo che venga risposto \fBno\fR a tutte le domande che riguardano
i cambiamenti senza l'intervento dell'utente.
.SH FILE
\fI/etc/group\fR \- informazioni sugli account di gruppo
.br
\fI/etc/gshadow\fR \- password crittate e informazioni sugli amministratori di gruppo
.br
\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- informazioni sugli utenti
.SH VEDERE ANCHE
.BR groupmod (8),
.BR group (5),
.BR passwd (5),
.BR shadow (5)
.SH DIAGNOSTICA
Il comando \fBgrpck\fR esce con i seguenti valori:
.IP 0 5
Successo
.IP 1 5
Errore di sintassi
.IP 2 5
Una o pi<70> voci di gruppo scorrette
.IP 3 5
Impossibile aprire i file di gruppo
.IP 4 5
Impossibile eseguire il lock dei file di gruppo
.IP 5 5
Impossibile aggiornare i file di gruppo
.SH AUTORE
Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com)

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.\" $Id: grpconv.8,v 1.1 2002/03/10 07:41:06 kloczek Exp $
.\" Traduzione in italiano di Isabella Ruocco <isacher@nettaxi.com>
.\" Giugno 1999
.TH PWCONV 8 "26 sep 1997"
.SH NOME
pwconv, pwunconv, grpconv, grpunconv \- convertono a e da password e gruppi shadow.
.SH SINTASSI
.B pwconv
.br
.B pwunconv
.br
.B grpconv
.br
.B grpunconv
.SH DESCRIZIONE
Questi quattro programmi agiscono tutti sui file normali e e oscurati (shadow)
delle password e dei gruppi:
.IR /etc/passwd ", " /etc/group ", " /etc/shadow ", e " /etc/gshadow .
.B pwconv
.RI "crea " shadow " da " passwd " e, in modo opzionale, da un preesistente " shadow .
.B pwunconv
.RI "crea " passwd " da " passwd " e " shadow " e quindi rimuove " shadow .
.B grpconv
.RI "crea " gshadow " da " group " e, in modo opzionale, da un preesistente " gshadow .
.B grpunconv
.RI "crea " group " da " group " e " gshadow " e quindi rimuove " gshadow .
Ciascun programma, prima della conversione, acquisisce i lock necessari.
.BR pwconv " e " grpconv
sono simili. Per prima cosa vengono rimosse le voci nel file oscurato che non esistono
nel file principale. Quindi vengono aggiornate le voci oscurate che
non hanno `x' come password nel file principale. Vengono aggiunte le eventuali voci
oscurate mancanti. Infine, le password nel file principale vengono
sostituite con `x'. Questi programmi possono essere usati per le conversioni iniziali
cos<EFBFBD> come per aggiornare il file oscurato se il file principale viene editato
a mano.
.B pwconv
user<EFBFBD> i valori di
.BR PASS_MIN_GIORNI ", " PASS_MAX_GIORNI ", e " PASS__GIORNI_PREAVVISO
da
.I /etc/login.defs
quando si aggiungono nuove voci a
.IR /etc/shadow .
.RB "Analogamente, " pwunconv " e " grpunconv
sono simili. Le password nel file principale vengono aggiornate
dal file oscurato. Voci che esistono nel file principale ma non
nel file oscurato vengono lasciate stare. Infine, viene rimosso il file oscurato.
Alcune informazioni sull'invecchiamento delle password vengono perse da
.BR pwunconv .
Questo convertir<69> quello che potr<74>.
.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
.BR login.defs (5),
.BR shadowconfig (8)

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.\" Copyright 1992, Phillip Street and Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" @(#)lastlog.8 3.3 08:24:58 29 Sep 1993 (National Guard Release)
.\" $Id: lastlog.8,v 1.5 2003/04/28 06:38:54 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.\" Traduzione in italiano a cura di Isabella Ruocco <isacher@nettaxi.com>
.\" luglio 1999
.\"
.TH LASTLOG 8
.SH NOME
lastlog \- esamina il file lastlog
.SH SINTASSI
.TP 8
\fBlastlog\fR [(\fB-u\fR|\fB--user\fR) \fIutente\fR]
[(\fB-t\fR|\fB--time\fR) \fIdays\fR] [(\fB-h\fR|\fB--help\fR)]
.SH DESCRIZIONE
\fBlastlog\fR formatta e stampa il contenuto dell'ultimo log di login,
\fI/var/log/lastlog\fR. Verranno stampati \fBnome-login\fR, \fBporta\fR,
e \fBdata_ultima_connessione\fR.
Il comportamento predefinito (senza opzioni) <20> quello di stampare le voci di
lastlog in ordine di UID.
Digitando l'opzione \fB-u \fInome-login\fR verr<72> stampato solo il
record di \fInome-login\fR.
Digitando \fB-t \fIgiorni\fR verranno stampate solo le ultime connessioni
pi<EFBFBD> recenti di \fIgiorni\fR.
L'opzione \fB-t\fR sovrascrive l'uso di \fB-u\fR.
.PP
Se l'utente non si <20> mai connesso verr<72> mostrato, al posto della porta e della
data, il messaggio \fB"**Never logged in**"\fR (**Mai connesso**).
.SH FILE
\fI/var/log/lastlog\fR \- file di connessione lastlog
.SH CAVEAT
Grandi lacune nei numeri di uid provocheranno una prolungata esecuzione del
programma lastlog senza alcun output sullo schermo (i.e. se mmdf=800 e l'ultimo
uid=170, sembrer<65> che il programma rimanga appeso mentre elabora gli uid 171-799).
.SH AUTORI
Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com)
.br
Phillip Street

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.\" $Id: login.1,v 1.1 2002/03/10 07:41:06 kloczek Exp $
.\" Copyright 1993 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License
.\" Pu<50> essere distribuito sotto la GNU General Public License
.\"
.\" Traduzione in italiano di Giovanni Bortolozzo <borto@dei.unipd.it>
.\" Agosto 1996
.\" Aggiornamento alla 2.9 di Roberto Pertile <triplej@iol.it>
.TH LOGIN 1 "4 novembre 1996" "Util-linux 1.6" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH NOME
login \- accede al sistema
.SH SINTASSI
.BR "login [ " nome " ]"
.br
.B "login \-p"
.br
.BR "login \-h " nome_host
.br
.BR "login \-f " nome
.SH DESCRIZIONE
.B login
viene utilizzato quando si accede a un sistema. Pu<50>
anche venire usato per passare da un utente a un altro in qualunque momento
(le shell pi<70> recenti tuttavia hanno un supporto incorporato per questa
caratteristica).
Se non sono forniti argomenti,
.B login
chiede il nome dell'utente.
Se l'utente
.I non
<EFBFBD> root, e se esiste
.IR /etc/nologin ,
vengono stampati sullo schermo i contenuti di questo file e viene
terminata l'operazione.
Ci<EFBFBD> viene usato, tipicamente, per impedire collegamenti quando il sistema
sta per essere spento.
Se per l'utente sono specificate particolari restrizioni di accesso in
.IR /etc/usertty ,
esse devono venire rispettate, altrimenti il tentativo di collegamento
ricever<EFBFBD> un diniego e verr<72> generato un messaggio di
.BR syslog .
Si veda la sezione sulle "Restrizioni Speciali sull'Accesso".
Se l'utente <20> root, allora il collegamento deve avvenire da una tty
elencata in
.IR /etc/securetty .
I fallimenti saranno registrati dai servizi di
.BR syslog .
Dopo la verifica di queste condizioni, verr<72> richiesta e controllata
la password (se <20> necessaria per quell'utente). Sono consentiti dieci
tentativi prima che
.B login
termini, tuttavia dopo i primi tre, la risposta comincer<65> a diventare
molto lenta.
I collegamenti falliti vengono riferiti dai servizi di
.BR syslog .
Questi servizi sono inoltre usati per riferire qualsiasi collegamento
riuscito di root.
Se esiste il file
.IR .hushlogin ,
allora verr<72> eseguito un collegamento "silenzioso" (disabilitando il
controllo della posta, la stampa dell'orario dell'ultimo collegamento
e del messaggio del giorno). Altrimenti, se esiste
.IR /var/log/lastlog ,
viene stampata la data e ora dell'ultimo collegamento (e viene registrato
il collegamento in atto).
Sono eseguiti compiti amministrativi vari, come impostare lo UID e il GID
della tty. Viene conservata la variabile d'ambiente TERM, se esiste (le altre
variabili d'ambiente vengono conservate se si usa l'opzione
.BR \-p ).
Quindi vengono impostate le variabili d'ambiente HOME, PATH, SHELL, TERM,
MAIL e LOGNAME. PATH viene predefinito come
.I /usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:.
per gli utenti normali e come
.I /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
per root. Infine, se non si tratta di un collegamento "silenzioso", viene
stampato il messaggio del giorno, viene controllato il file col nome
dell'utente in
.IR /usr/spool/mail ,
e stampato un messaggio se esso ha lunghezza non-zero.
Viene poi lanciata la shell dell'utente. Se non <20> specificata nessuna
shell per l'utente in
.BR /etc/passwd ,
allora viene usata
.BR /bin/sh .
Se non sono specificate directory in
.IR /etc/passwd ,
allora viene usata
.I /
(la directory home viene controllata dal file
.I .hushlogin
descritto sopra).
.SH OPZIONI
.TP
.B \-p
Usata da
.BR getty (8)
per dire a
.B login
di non distruggere l'ambiente.
.TP
.B \-f
Usata per saltare la seconda autentifica di collegamento. Ci<43>,
specificamente,
.B non
funziona per root, e non sembra funzionare bene sotto Linux.
.TP
.B \-h
Usata da altri server (per esempio,
.BR telnetd (8))
per passare il nome dell'host remoto a
.B login
onde poterlo collocare in utmp e wtmp. Solo il superutente pu<70> usare
quest'opzione.
.SH "RESTRIZIONI SPECIALI SULL'ACCESSO"
Il file
.I /etc/securetty
elenca il nome delle tty sulle quali pu<70> collegarsi root. Su ogni linea deve
essere specificato un nome di dispositivo tty senza il prefisso /dev/. Se
il file non esiste, a root <20> permesso di collegarsi da qualunque tty.
.PP
Il file
.I /etc/usertty
specifica restrizioni di accesso ulteriori per specifici utenti. Se questo
file non esiste, non viene imposta alcuna ulteriore restrizione d'accesso.
Il file consiste di una sequenza di sezioni. Ci sono tre possibili tipi di
sezione: CLASSES, GROUPS e USERS. Una sezione CLASSES definisce la classe di
tty consentiti e i modelli di hostname, una sezione GROUPS definisce tty e
host consentiti in base al gruppo, una sezione USERS definisce tty e host
consentiti in base all'utente.
.PP
Ogni riga di questo file pu<70> avere una lunghezza massima di 255 caratteri. I
commenti iniziano con un carattere # e si estendono fino al termine della
riga.
.PP
.SS "La sezione CLASSES"
Una sezione CLASSES incomincia con la parola CLASSES, all'inizio della riga
e tutta in maiuscole. Ognuna delle righe che seguono, fino
all'inizio di una nuova sezione o alla fine del file, consistono in una
sequenza di parole separate da tabulazioni o spazi. Ogni riga definisce
una classe di tty e modelli di host.
.PP
La parola all'inizio di una riga viene definita come un nome collettivo
per le tty e i modelli di host specificati nel resto della riga. Questo
nome collettivo pu<70> essere usato in ogni sezione successiva GROUPS o
USERS. Nessuno di tali nomi di classi deve essere parte della definizione
di una classe, per evitare problemi con classi ricorsive.
.PP
Un esempio di sezione CLASSES:
.PP
.nf
.in +.5
CLASSES
mia_classe1 tty1 tty2
mia_classe2 tty3 @.foo.com
.in -.5
.fi
.PP
Ci<EFBFBD> definisce le classi
.I mia_classe1
e
.I mia_classe2
corrispondenti a quello che hanno a destra.
.PP
.SS "La sezione GROUPS"
Una sezione GROUPS definisce i tipi consentiti di tty e host in base al
gruppo Unix. Se un utente <20> membro di un gruppo Unix in accordo a
.I /etc/passwd
e
.I /etc/group
e tale gruppo <20> menzionato in una sezione GROUPS in
.I /etc/usertty
allora l'utente ha il permesso di accesso se lo ha il gruppo.
.PP
Una sezione GROUPS incomincia con la parola GROUPS, tutta in maiuscole,
all'inizio di una riga, ogni riga seguente <20> una sequenza di parole
separate da spazi o tabulazioni. La prima parola di una riga <20> il nome
del gruppo e il resto delle parole sulla riga specificano le tty e gli host
dai quali <20> consentito accesso ai membri di quel gruppo. Queste
specificazioni possono comportare l'uso di classi definite nelle precedenti
sezioni CLASSES.
.PP
Esempio di una sezione GROUPS:
.PP
.nf
.in +0.5
GROUPS
sys tty1 @.bar.edu
stud mia_classe1 tty4
.in -0.5
.fi
.PP
Questo esempio specifica che i membri del gruppo
.I sys
possono collegarsi da tty1 e da host nel dominio bar.edu. Gli utenti nel
gruppo
.I stud
possono collegarsi dagli host/tty specificati nella classe mia_classe1 o
da tty4.
.PP
.SS "La sezione USERS"
Una sezione USERS comincia con la parola USERS tutta in maiuscolo all'inizio
di una riga, e ogni riga successiva <20> una sequenza di parole separate da
spazi o tabulazioni. La prima parola in una riga <20> un nome di utente e a
quell'utente <20> permesso di collegarsi dai tty e dagli host menzionati nel
resto della riga. Queste specificazioni possono comportare classi definite
in precedenti sezioni CLASSES. Se non viene specificata alcuna intestazione
all'inizio del file, la prima sezione <20> predefinita come sezione USERS.
.PP
Esempio di una sezione USERS:
.PP
.nf
.in +0.5
USERS
zacho tty1 @130.225.16.0/255.255.255.0
blue tty3 mia_classe2
.in -0.5
.fi
.PP
Ci<EFBFBD> consente all'utente zacho di collegarsi solo sul tty1 e dagli host con
indirizzi IP nell'intervallo 130.225.16.0 \- 130.225.16.255, e all'utente
blue consente di collegarsi dal tty3 e da qualunque cosa sia stato
specificato in mia_classe2.
.PP
Ci pu<70> essere una riga nella sezione USERS che comincia con un nome di
utente di *. Questa <20> una regola predefinita e verr<72> applicata a
qualsiasi utente che non corrisponda ad alcuna altra riga.
.PP
Se un utente corrisponde sia a una riga USERS sia a una riga GROUPS
allora all'utente <20> consentito l'accesso risultante dall'unione di tutti i
tty/host menzionati in tali specificazioni.
.SS Origini
Le specifiche di tty e i modelli di host usate nella specificazione degli
accessi di classi, gruppi e utenti si chiamano origini. Una stringa origine
pu<EFBFBD> avere uno dei seguenti formati:
.IP o
Il nome di un dispositivo tty senza il prefisso /dev/, per esempio tty1 o
ttyS0.
.PP
.IP o
La stringa @localhost, che significa che all'utente <20> permesso di fare
telnet/rlogin dall'host locale allo stesso host. Questo consente inoltre
all'utente, per esempio, di eseguire il comando: xterm -e /bin/login.
.PP
.IP o
Il suffisso di un nome di dominio come @.some.dom, che significa che
l'utente pu<70> fare rlogin/telnet da qualsiasi host il cui nome di dominio
abbia il suffisso
.some.dom.
.PP
.IP o
Un intervallo di indirizzi IPv4 , scritto @x.x.x.x/y.y.y.y dove x.x.x.x
<EFBFBD> l'indirizzo IP nella consueta notazione decimale puntata, e
y.y.y.y <20> una bitmask nella stessa notazione che specifica quali bit
nell'indirizzo devono essere confrontati con l'indirizzo IP dell'host remoto.
Per esempio, @130.225.16.0/255.255.254.0 vuol dire che l'utente pu<70> fare
rlogin/telnet da qualsiasi host il cui indirizzo IP sia nell'intervallo
130.225.16.0 \- 130.225.17.255.
.PP
Qualunque delle suddette origini pu<70> essere prefissata da una
specificazione di tempo secondo la sintassi:
.PP
.nf
spec_ora ::= '[' <giorno-o-ora> [':' <giorno-o-ora>]* ']'
giorno ::= 'mon' | 'tue' | 'wed' | 'thu' | 'fri' | 'sat' | 'sun'
ora ::= '0' | '1' | ... | '23'
spec_ora ::= <ora> | <ora> '\-' <ora>
giorno-o-ora ::= <giorno> | <spec_ora>
.fi
.PP
Per esempio, l'origine [mon:tue:wed:thu:fri:8\-17]tty3 significa che il
collegamento <20> consentito dal luned<65> al venerd<72> fra le 8:00 e le 17:59
(5:59 p.m.) dalla tty3. Questo mostra anche che un intervallo di ore a\-b
include tutti gli istanti fra a:00 e b:59. La specificazione di una singola
ora (come 10) significa l'intervallo di tempo fra le 10:00 e le 10:59.
.PP
La mancata specificazione di qualsiasi prefisso di tempo per una tty o host
significa che il collegamento da quella origine <20> permesso in qualunque
momento. Se dato un prefisso di tempo, ci si accerti di specificare sia un
insieme di giorni sia una una o pi<70> ore o intervalli di ore. Una
specificazione di ore non pu<70> comprendere nessuno spazio bianco.
.PP
Se non <20> data alcuna regola predefinita allora gli utenti che non
corrispondano ad alcuna riga di
.I /etc/usertty
possono collegarsi da qualunque posto, come <20> il comportamento standard.
.PP
.SH FILE
.nf
.I /var/run/utmp
.I /var/log/wtmp
.I /var/log/lastlog
.I /usr/spool/mail/*
.I /etc/motd
.I /etc/passwd
.I /etc/nologin
.I /etc/usertty
.I .hushlogin
.fi
.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
.BR init (8),
.BR getty (8),
.BR mail (1),
.BR passwd (1),
.BR passwd (5),
.BR environ (7),
.BR shutdown (8)
.SH BACHI
Linux, a differenza di altri sistemi operativi draconiani, non controlla le
quote di spazio.
Non <20> supportata l'opzione non documentata del BSD
.BR \-r .
Ci<EFBFBD> potrebbe essere richiesto da alcuni programmi di
.BR rlogind (8) .
.SH AUTORE
Derivato dal BSD login 5.40 (5/9/89) da Michael Glad (glad@daimi.dk) per HP-UX
.br
Portato a Linux 0.12: Peter Orbaek (poe@daimi.aau.dk)

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.\" $Id: newgrp.1,v 1.1 2002/03/10 07:41:06 kloczek Exp $
.\" Original author unknown. This man page is in the public domain.
.\" Modified Sat Oct 9 17:46:48 1993 by faith@cs.unc.edu
.\"
.\" Traduzione in italiano di Giovanni Bortolozzo <borto@dei.unipd.it>
.\" Agosto 1996
.\"
.\" " for hilit19
.TH NEWGRP 1 "9 ottobre 1993" "Linux 1.2" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH NOME
newgrp \- logga in un nuovo gruppo
.SH SINTASSI
.BI "newgrp [ " gruppo " ]"
.SH DESCRIZIONE
.B Newgrp
cambia l'identificatico del gruppo (GID) del suo chiamante, in modo analogo a
.BR login (1).
La stessa persona rimane loggata, e non <20> cambiata la directory corrente,
ma i calcoli sui permessi d'accesso ai file sono fatti rispetto a nuovo
group ID.
.LP
Se non <20> specificato alcun gruppo, il GID <20> posto pari al GID di login.
.LP
.SH FILE
.I /etc/group
.br
.I /etc/passwd
.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
.BR login "(1), " group (5)
.SH AUTORE
All'inizio era Michael Haardt. Attualmente mantenuto da
Peter Orbaek (poe@daimi.aau.dk).

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.\" $Id: passwd.1,v 1.1 2002/03/10 07:41:06 kloczek Exp $
.\" Copyright 1992 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License
.\"
.\" Traduzione in italiano di Giovanni Bortolozzo <borto@dei.unipd.it>
.\" Agosto 1996
.\"
.\" " for hilit19
.TH PASSWD 1 "22 giugno 1994" "Linux 1.2" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH NOME
passwd \- cambia la password
.SH SINTASSI
.BR "passwd [ " utente " [ " password " ] ]"
.SH DESCRIZIONE
Senza alcun argomento
.B passwd
cambier<EFBFBD> la password per l'attuale utente. Per prima cosa all'utente <20> chiesta
la vecchia password, dopo di che, per evitare errori di battitura, va immessa
per due volte la nuova password. La nuova password deve essere lunga almeno
sei caratteri ed essere composta sia da maiuscole che da minuscole o da
caratteri non alfabetici. La nuova password non deve essere uguale alla
vecchia password, e non deve coincidere con il nome dell'utente.
Le forme a uno e due argomenti possono essere usate solo dal superuser. Usando
la forma ad un argomento, il superuser pu<70> cambiare la password per
quell'utente. Al superuser non <20> chiesta la vecchia password, e non sono
applicate le regole per le password valide, poich<63> il superuser potrebbe
avere valide ragioni per scegliere una password che non ne sia conforme.
La forma a due argomenti assegna ad
.I utente
la password passata come secondo argomento. Ci<43> pu<70> essere utile quando
si deve assegnare a molti utenti una password iniziale.
Passando una stringa vuota come secondo argomento si cancella la password
dell'utente.
.SH FILE
.I /etc/passwd
.br
.I /etc/shells
.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
.BR chsh (1),
.BR chfn (1)
.SH BACHI
Sono permesse password composte solo da numeri.
.br
Non viene prodotto nessun messaggio d'avviso se il superuser sceglie una
password ``scadente''.
.br
Le opzioni
.B \-f
e
.B \-s
non sono supportare.
.SH AUTORE
Peter Orbaek (poe@daimi.aau.dk)

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.\" $Id: passwd.5,v 1.1 2002/03/10 07:41:06 kloczek Exp $
.\" Copyright (c) 1993 Michael Haardt (u31b3hs@pool.informatik.rwth-aachen.de)
.\" Fri Apr 2 11:32:09 MET DST 1993
.\"
.\" Traduzione in italiano di Giovanni Bortolozzo <borto@dei.unipd.it>
.\" Agosto 1996
.\"
.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
.\"
.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
.\" intermediate and printed output.
.\"
.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
.\"
.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
.\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free
.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139,
.\" USA.
.\"
.\" Modified Sun Jul 25 10:46:28 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" Modified Sun Aug 21 18:12:27 1994 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" Modified Sun Jun 18 01:53:57 1995 by Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
.\" Modified Mon Jan 5 20:24:40 MET 1998 by Michael Haardt
.\" (michael@cantor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de)
.TH PASSWD 5 "5 gennaio 1988" "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH NOME
passwd \- file delle password
.SH DESCRIZIONE
.B Passwd
<EFBFBD> un file di testo che contiene un elenco degli account sul sistema, e
per ciascuno di questi riporta alcune informazioni utili come user ID,
group ID, home directory, ecc. Spesso contiene anche le password
criptate di ciascun account. Il file delle password dovrebbe avere
permessi di lettura per tutti (molte utility, come
.BR ls (1),
ne fanno uso per associare lo user ID allo user name), ma permesso di
scrittura solo per il superuser.
.PP
Nei buoni tempi andati, il permesso di lettura per tutti non era un
grosso problema: chiunque poteva leggere le password criptate, ma i
calcolatori erano troppo lenti per decifrare una password scelta
bene. Soprattutto, si supponeva di lavorare fra amici. Oggigiorno,
molti usano una qualche versione di shadow password (chiavi ombra), in
cui
.I /etc/passwd
contiene degli * al posto delle password criptate, che a loro volta
sono nel file \fI/etc/shadow\fP, che solo il superuser pu<70> leggere.
.PP
Sia che si utilizzino o meno le shadow password, molti amministratori di
sistema usano un asterisco nel campo della password per far s<> che un
utente non possa autenticarsi con una password (vedi le note pi<70>
sotto).
.PP
Se si crea una nuova login, si metta un asterisco nel campo della
password, e poi si usi il programma
.BR passwd (1)
per riempirlo.
.PP
C'<27> una voce per riga, ed ogni riga ha il formato:
.sp
.RS
account:passwd:UID:GID:GECOS:directory:shell
.RE
.sp
Il significato dei campi <20> il seguente:
.sp
.RS
.TP 1.0in
.I account
il nome dell'utente nel sistema. Non dovrebbe contenere maiuscole.
.TP
.I password
la password criptata o un asterisco.
.TP
.I UID
l'identificativo numerico dell'utente (UID = User IDentifier).
.TP
.I GID
l'identificativo numerico del gruppo principale per l'utente (GID =
Group IDentifier).
.TP
.I GECOS
Questo campo <20> opzionale e viene usato solo per fornire
informazioni. Di solito contiene il nome per esteso dell'utente. GECOS
sta per General Electric Comprehensive Operating System, (sistema
operativo comprensivo della General Electric), ribattezzato GCOS
quando la divisione grandi sistemi della GE fu venduta alla
Honeywell. Dennis Ritchie rifer<65>: <20>A volte dovevamo spedire una stampa
o un gruppo di lavori alla macchina GCOS. Il campo del gcos nel file
delle password era un posto in cui sbattere le informazioni per la
$IDENTcard. Per niente elegante.<2E>
.TP
.I directory
la $HOME directory dell'utente.
.TP
.I shell
il programma lanciato al login (se <20> vuoto, viene usato
.BR /bin/sh ).
Se punta ad un programma che non esiste, l'utente non potr<74> avere
accesso tramite
.BR login (1).
.RE
.SH NOTE
Se si vuole creare un gruppo di utenti, il loro GID deve
essere uguale e ci deve essere una voce nel file \fI/etc/group\fP, o il
gruppo non esister<65>.
.PP
Se la password criptata <20> un asterisco, l'utente non potr<74> fare login
tramite
.BR login (1).
ma potr<74> ugualmente accedere al suo account usando
.BR rlogin (1),
far girare processi esistenti o iniziarne nuovi con
.BR rsh (1),
.BR cron (1),
.BR at (1)
o filtri per la posta, ecc. Bloccare un account semplicemente
modificando il campo della shell ha lo stesso effetto e in pi<70>
permette l'uso di
.BR su (1).
.SH FILE
.I /etc/passwd
.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
.BR passwd (1),
.BR login (1),
.BR su (1),
.BR group (5),
.BR shadow (5)

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.\" $Id: pwconv.8,v 1.1 2002/03/10 07:41:06 kloczek Exp $
.\" Traduzione in italiano di Isabella Ruocco <isacher@nettaxi.com>
.\" Giugno 1999
.TH PWCONV 8 "26 sep 1997"
.SH NOME
pwconv, pwunconv, grpconv, grpunconv \- convertono a e da password e gruppi shadow.
.SH SINTASSI
.B pwconv
.br
.B pwunconv
.br
.B grpconv
.br
.B grpunconv
.SH DESCRIPTION
Questi quattro programmi agiscono tutti sui file normali e e oscurati (shadow)
delle password e dei gruppi:
.IR /etc/passwd ", " /etc/group ", " /etc/shadow ", e " /etc/gshadow .
.B pwconv
.RI "crea " shadow " da " passwd " e, in modo opzionale, da un preesistente " shadow .
.B pwunconv
.RI "crea " passwd " da " passwd " e " shadow " e quindi rimuove " shadow .
.B grpconv
.RI "crea " gshadow " da " group " e, in modo opzionale, da un preesistente " gshadow .
.B grpunconv
.RI "crea " group " da " group " e " gshadow " e quindi rimuove " gshadow .
Ciascun programma, prima della conversione, acquisisce i lock necessari.
.BR pwconv " e " grpconv
sono simili. Per prima cosa vengono rimosse le voci nel file oscurato che non esistono
nel file principale. Quindi vengono aggiornate le voci oscurate che
non hanno `x' come password nel file principale. Vengono aggiunte le eventuali voci
oscurate mancanti. Infine, le password nel file principale vengono
sostituite con `x'. Questi programmi possono essere usati per le conversioni iniziali
cos<EFBFBD> come per aggiornare il file oscurato se il file principale viene editato
a mano.
.B pwconv
user<EFBFBD> i valori di
.BR PASS_MIN_GIORNI ", " PASS_MAX_GIORNI ", e " PASS_GIORNI_PREAVVISO
da
.I /etc/login.defs
quando si aggiungono nuove voci a
.IR /etc/shadow .
.RB "Analogamente, " pwunconv " e " grpunconv
sono simili. Le password nel file principale vengono aggiornate
dal file oscurato. Voci che esistono nel file principale ma non
nel file oscurato vengono lasciate stare. Infine, viene rimosso il file oscurato.
Alcune informazioni sull'invecchiamento delle password vengono perse da
.BR pwunconv .
Questo convertir<69> quello che potr<74>.
.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
.BR login.defs (5),
.BR shadowconfig (8)

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.so man8/pwconv.8

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.\" Copyright 1989 - 1990, Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $Id: shadow.5,v 1.2 2003/04/26 13:24:13 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.\" Traduzione in italiano di Isabella Ruocco <isacher@nettaxi.com>
.\" Giugno 1999
.\"
.TH SHADOW 5
.SH NOME
shadow \- file crittato delle password
.SH DESCRIZIONE
.I shadow
contiene le informazioni sulle password crittate per gli account degli utenti
e, opzionalmente, informazioni sull'invecchiamento delle password.
E' incluso
.IP "" .5i
Nome di login
.IP "" .5i
Password crittata
.IP "" .5i
Giorni a partire dal 1 gennaio 1970 in cui la password <20> stata cambiata l'ultima volta
.IP "" .5i
Giorni prima che la password possa essere modificata
.IP "" .5i
Giorni dopo i quali la password deve essere modificata
.IP "" .5i
Giorni prima della scadenza della password in cui l'utente viene avvertito
.IP "" .5i
Giorni dopo la scadenza della password in cui l'account viene disabilitato
.IP "" .5i
Giorni a partire dal 1 gennaio 1970 dopo i quali l'account viene disabilitato
.IP "" .5i
Campo riservato
.PP
Il campo password deve essere riempito.
La password crittata <20> composta da un numero compreso tra 13 e 24 di caratteri dei
64 caratteri alfabetici
da a fino a z, da A a Z, da 0 a 9, \. e /.
Fate riferimento a \fBcrypt\fR(3) per dettagli riguardanti il modo in cui questa stringa
viene interpretata.
.PP
La data dell'ultima modifica della password <20> specificata come il numero
di giorni dal 1 gennaio 1970.
La passowrd non pu<70> essere modifcata nuovamente prima che sia passato
il numero di giorni previsto, e deve essere cambiata dopo il massimo numero
di giorni.
Se il minimo numero di giorni richiesto <20> superiore del
massimo numero di giorni permesso, questa password non potr<74>
essere modificata dall'utente.
.PP
Un account viene considerato inattivo e viene disabilitato se
la password non viene modificata entro il numero di giorni specificato
dopo la scadenza della password.
Un account sar<61> anche disabilitato il giorno specificato
senza tener conto di altre informazioni sulla scadenza della password.
.PP
Questa informazione ha la precedenza nei confronti di qualunque informazione sulla password o sulla scadenza della password
presente in \fI/etc/passwd\fR.
.PP
Questo file non deve essere leggibile dagli utenti normali se si vuole mantenere
la sicurezza sulle password.
.SH FILE
\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- informazioni sull'account dell'utente
.br
\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- password crittate degli utenti
.SH VEDERE ANCHE
.BR chage (1),
.BR login (1),
.BR passwd (1),
.BR su (1),
.BR sulogin (8),
.BR shadow (3),
.BR passwd (5),
.BR pwconv (8),
.BR pwunconv (8)
.SH AUTORE
Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com)

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.\" Copyright 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $Id: useradd.8,v 1.3 2003/04/28 06:09:52 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.\" Traduzione in italiano a cura di Isabella Ruocco <isacher@nettaxi.com>
.\" luglio 1999
.\"
.TH USERADD 8
.SH NOME
useradd \- Crea un nuovo utente o aggiorna le informazioni predefinite per
i nuovi utenti
.SH SINTASSI
.TP 8
.B useradd
.\" .RB [ -A
.\" .RI { metodo | \fBPREDEFINITO\fR "},... ]"
.RB [ -c
.IR commento ]
.RB [ -d
.IR home_dir ]
.br
.RB [ -e
.IR data_scadenza ]
.RB [ -f
.IR tempo_inattivit<EFBFBD> ]
.br
.RB [ -g
.IR gruppo_iniziale ]
.RB [ -G
.IR gruppo [,...]]
.br
.RB [ -m " [" -k
.IR dir_scheletro ]]
.RB [ -s
.IR shell ]
.br
.RB [ -u
.IR uid " ["
.BR -o ]]
.I login
.TP 8
.B useradd
\fB-D\fR
[\fB-g\fI gruppo_predefinito\fR]
[\fB-b\fI home_predefinita\fR]
.br
[\fB-f\fI inattivit<69>_predefinita\fR]
[\fB-e\fI data_scadenza_predefinita\fR]
.br
[\fB-s\fI shell_predefinita\fR]
.SH DESCRIZIONE
.SS Creare Nuovi Utenti
Quando viene invocato senza l'opzione \fB-D\fR, il comando \fBuseradd\fR
crea un nuovo account di utente usando i valori specificati sulla linea di
comando ed i valori predefiniti dal sistema.
Il nuovo account di utente verr<72> aggiunto ai file di sistema che lo necessitano,
verr<EFBFBD> creata la home directory, e l<> verranno copiati i file iniziali, a seconda
delle opzioni sulla linea di comando.
Le opzioni che si applicano al comando \fBuseradd\fR sono
.\" .IP "\fB-A {\fImetodo\fR|\fBPREDEFINITO\fR},..."
.\" Il valore del metodo di autenticazione dell'utente.
.\" Il metodo di autenticazione <20> il nome di un programma che <20> responsabile
.\" della validazione dell'identit<69> dell'utente.
.\" La stringa \fBPREDEFINITO\fR pu<70> essere usata per cambiare il metodo di
.\" autenticazione dell'utente con il metodo standard di sistema delle
.\" password.
.\" Questa <20> una lista di nomi di programmi separati da virgole.
.\" Pu<50> includere \fBPREDEFINITO\fR esattamente una volta.
.IP "\fB-c \fIcommento\fR"
Il campo commento del nuovo utente nel file password.
.IP "\fB-d \fIhome_dir\fR"
Il nuovo utente verr<72> creato usando \fIhome_dir\fR come valore per la
directory di login dell'utente.
Il comportamento predefinito <20> di appendere il nome \fIlogin\fR a
\fIhome_predefinita\fR ed usare quella come nome di directory di login.
.IP "\fB-e \fIdata_scadenza\fR"
La data in cui verr<72> disabilitato l'account dell'utente.
La data <20> specificata nel formato \fIMM/GG/AA\fR.
.IP "\fB-f \fIgiorni_inattivit<69>\fR"
Il numero di giorni dopo la scadenza della password fino a quando l'account
verr<EFBFBD> permanentemente disabilitato.
Un valore pari a 0 disabilita l'account non appena <20> scaduta la password,
ed un valore pari a -1 disabilita questa caratteristica.
Il valore predefinito <20> -1.
.IP "\fB-g \fIgruppo_iniziale\fR"
IL nome o numero del gruppo iniziale di login dell'utente.
Il nome del gruppo deve esistere. Un numero di gruppo deve fare riferimento
ad un gruppo gi<67> esistente.
Il numero di gruppo predefinito <20> 1.
.IP "\fB-G \fIgruppo,[...]\fR"
Una lista di gruppi supplementari di cui l'utente <20> altres<65> membro.
Ciascun gruppo <20> separato dal successivo da una virgola, senza spazi
bianchi intermedi.
I gruppi sono soggetti alle stesse restrizioni del gruppo dato con
l'opzione \fB-g\fR.
Il comportamento predefinito <20> che l'utente appartenga solo al gruppo
iniziale.
.IP \fB-m\fR
La home directory dell'utente verr<72> creata se non esiste.
I file contenuti in \fIdir_scheletro\fR saranno copiati nella home directory
se viene usata l'opzione \fB-k\fR, altrimenti verranno usati i file
contenuti in \fI/etc/skel\fR.
Anche tutte le directory contenute in \fIdir_scheletro\fR o \fI/etc/skel\fR
verranno create nella home directory dell'utente.
L'opzione \fB-k\fR <20> valida solo in congiunzione con l'opzione \fB-m\fR.
Il comportamento predefinito <20> di non creare la directory e di non copiarvi
alcun file.
.IP "\fB-s \fIshell\fR"
Il nome della shell di login dell'utente.
Il comportamento predefinito <20> di lasciare vuoto questo campo, che fa s<> che
il sistema selezioni la shell di connessione predefinita.
.IP "\fB-u \fIuid\fR"
Il valore numerico dell'ID dell'utente.
Questo valore deve essere univoco, a meno che non venga usata l'opzione
\fI-o\fR.
Il valore deve essere non-negativo.
Il comportamento predefinito <20> di usare il minimo valore di ID superiore a 99
e superiore a quello di ogni altro utente.
Valori tra 0 e 99 sono tipicamente riservati per account di sistema.
.SS Cambiare i valori predefiniti
Quando invocato con l'opzione \fB-D\fR, \fBuseradd\fR o mostrer<65> i valori
predefiniti correnti, oppure aggiorner<65> i valori predefiniti dalla linea
di comando.
Le opzioni valide sono
.IP "\fB-b \fIhome_predefinita\fR"
Il prefisso del percorso per la home directory del nuovo utente.
Il nome dell'utente verr<72> aggiunto alla fine di \fIhome_predefinita\fR
per creare il nome della nuova directory se non viene usata l'opzione \fB-d\fI
quando si crea un nuovo account.
.IP "\fB-e \fIdata_scadenza_predefinita\fR"
La data in cui l'account dell'utente verr<72> disabilitato.
.IP "\fB-f \fIinattivit<69>_predefinita\fR"
Il numero di giorni dopo la scadenza di una password prima che l'account
venga disabilitato.
.IP "\fB-g \fIgruppo_predefinito\fR"
Il nome o ID del gruppo iniziale per un nuovo utente.
Il gruppo nominato deve esistere, ed un ID numerico di gruppo deve avere una
voce esistente.
.IP "\fB-s \fIshell_predifinita\fR"
Il nome della shell di login per un nuovo utente.
Il programma nominato verr<72> usato per tutti gli account dei futuri nuovi
utenti.
.PP
Se non <20> specificata alcuna opzione, \fBuseradd\fR mostra i valori predefiniti
correnti.
.SH NOTE
L'amministratore di sistema <20> responsabile del posizionamento dei file
predefiniti degli utenti nella directory \fI/etc/skel\fR.
.SH CAVEAT
Non <20> possibile aggiungere un utente ad un gruppo NIS.
Questo deve essere fatto sul server NIS.
.SH FILE
\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- informazioni sugli account di utenti
.br
\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- informazioni sicure sugli account di utenti
.br
\fI/etc/group\fR \- informazioni sui gruppi
.br
\fI/etc/default/useradd\fR \- informazioni predefinite
.br
\fI/etc/skel/ \fR\- directory contenente i file predefiniti
.SH VEDERE ANCHE
.BR chfn (1),
.BR chsh (1),
.BR groupadd (8),
.BR groupdel (8),
.BR groupmod (8),
.BR passwd (1),
.BR userdel (8),
.BR usermod (8)
.SH AUTORE
Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com)

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.\" Copyright 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $Id: userdel.8,v 1.3 2003/04/28 06:09:52 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.\" Traduzione in italiano a cura di Isabella Ruocco <isacher@nettaxi.com>
.\" luglio 1999
.\"
.TH USERDEL 8
.SH NOME
userdel \- Rimuove l'account di un utente ed i file relativi
.SH SINTASSI
.B userdel
[\fB-r\fR]
.I login
.SH DESCRIZIONE
Il comando \fBuserdel\fR modifica i file di account del sistema, rimuovendo
tutte le voci che si riferiscono a \fIlogin\fR.
L'utente nominato deve esistere.
.IP \fB-r\fR
I file nella home directory dell'utente verranno rimossi insieme alla home
directory stessa.
I file collocati in altri file system dovranno essere ricercati e rimossi
manualmente.
.SH FILE
\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- informazioni sugli account di utenti
.br
\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- informazioni sicure sugli account di utenti
.br
\fI/etc/group\fR \- informazioni sui gruppi
.SH CAVEAT
\fBuserdel\fR non permetter<65> di rimuovere alcun account se l'utente <20>
attualmente connesso.
Occorre uccidere qualunque processo in esecuzione che appartenga ad un account
che si sta rimuovendo.
Non <20> possibile rimuovere nessun attributo NIS su un client NIS.
Questo deve essere fatto sul server NIS.
.SH VEDERE ANCHE
.BR chfn (1),
.BR chsh (1),
.BR groupadd (8),
.BR groupdel (8),
.BR groupmod (8),
.BR passwd (1),
.BR useradd (8),
.BR usermod (8)
.SH AUTORE
Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com)

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.\" Copyright 1991 - 1994, Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. Neither the name of Julianne F. Haugh nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY JULIE HAUGH AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL JULIE HAUGH OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $Id: usermod.8,v 1.3 2003/04/28 06:09:52 kloczek Exp $
.\"
.\" Traduzione in italiano a cura di Isabella Ruocco <isacher@nettaxi.com>
.\" luglio 1999
.\"
.TH USERMOD 8
.SH NOME
usermod \- Modifica l'account di un utente
.SH SINTASSI
.TP 8
.B usermod
.\" .RB [ -A
.\" .RI { metodo | \fBPREDEFINITO\fR "},... ]"
.RB [ -c
.IR commento ]
.RB [ -d
.IR home_dir " ["
.BR -m ]]
.br
.RB [ -e
.IR data_scadenza ]
.RB [ -f
.IR tempo_inattivit<EFBFBD> ]
.br
.RB [ -g
.IR gruppo_iniziale ]
.RB [ -G
.IR gruppo [,...]]
.br
.RB [ -l
.IR nome_login ]
.RB [ -s
.IR shell ]
.br
.RB [ -u
.IR uid " ["
.BR -o ]]
.I login
.SH DESCRIZIONE
Il comando \fBusermod\fR modifica i file di account di sistema in modo da
riflettere le modifiche specificate sulla linea di comando.
Le opzioni che si applicano al comando \fBusermod\fR sono
.\" .IP "\fB-A \fImetodo\fR|\fBPREDEFINITO\fR"
.\" Il nuovo valore del metodo di autenticazione dell'utente.
.\" Il metodo di autenticazione <20> il nome di un programma che <20> responsabile
.\" della validazione dell'identit<69> dell'utente.
.\" La stringa \fBPREDEFINITO\fR pu<70> essere usata per cambiare il metodo di
.\" autenticazione dell'utente con il metodo standard di sistema delle
.\" password.
.IP "\fB-c \fIcommento\fR"
Il campo commento del nuovo utente nel file password.
Normalmente viene modificato usando l'utilit<69> \fBchfn\fR(1).
.IP "\fB-d \fIhome_dir\fR"
La nuova directory di login dell'utente.
Se <20> data l'opzione \fB-m\fR il contenuto della home directory corrente
sar<EFBFBD> spostato nella nuova home directory, che viene creata se non esiste gi<67>.
.IP "\fB-e \fIdata_scadenza\fR"
La data in cui l'account dell'utente verr<72> disabilitato.
La data <20> specificata nel formato \fIMM/GG/AA\fR.
.IP "\fB-f \fIgiorni_inattivit<69>\fR"
Il numero di giorni dopo la scadenza di una password prima che l'account
venga permanentemente disabilitato.
Un valore pari a 0 disabilita l'account non appena la password <20> scaduta,
ed un valore pari a -1 disabilita la caratteristica.
Il valore predefinito <20> -1.
.IP "\fB-g \fIgruppo_iniziale\fR"
Il nuome o numero del nuovo gruppo di connessione dell'utente.
Il nome del gruppo deve esistere. Un numero di gruppo deve riferirsi ad un
gruppo gi<67> esistente.
Il numero di gruppo predefinito <20> 1.
.IP "\fB-G \fIgruppo,[...]\fR"
Una lista di gruppi supplementari di cui l'utente <20> altres<65> membro.
Ciascun gruppo <20> separato dal successivo da una virgola, senza spazi bianchi
intermedi.
I gruppi sono soggetti alle stesse restrizioni del gruppo dato con l'opzione
\fB-g\fR.
Se l'utente <20> attualmente membro di un gruppo che non <20> elencato, l'utente
verr<EFBFBD> rimosso dal gruppo.
.IP "\fB-l \fInome_login\fR"
Il nome dell'utente verr<72> cambiato da \fIlogin\fR a \fInome_login\fR.
Niente altro viene cambiato.
In particolare, la home directory dell'utente dovrebbe probabilmente
essere modificata in modo da riflettere il nuovo nome di login.
.IP "\fB-s \fIshell\fR"
Il nome della nuova shell di login dell'utente.
Lasciando questo campo vuoto si fa in modo che il sistema selezioni la shell
di connessione predefinita.
.IP "\fB-u \fIuid\fR"
Il valore numerico dell'ID dell'utente.
Questo valore deve essere univoco, a meno che non venga usata l'opzione
\fI-o\fR.
Questo valore deve essere non-negativo.
Valori tra 0 e 99 sono tipicamente riservati ad account di sistema.
Tutti i file che l'utente possiede e che sono posiszionati nell'albero di
directory avente come radice la home directory dell'utente avranno l'ID utente del
file cambiato automaticamente.
I file fuori della home directory dell'utente devono essere modificati
manualmente.
.SH CAVEAT
\fBusermod\fR non permetter<65> di modificare il nome di un utente che <20>
attualmente connesso.
Occorre essere certi che l'utente nominato non sta eseguendo alcun processo
quando questo comando viene eseguito se l'ID numerico dell'utente sta per
essere cambiato.
Occorre cambiare il proprietario di ogni file crontab manualmente.
Occorre cambiare il proprietario di ogni job manualmente.
Occorre fare qualunque cambiamento che riguarda NIS sul server NIS.
.SH FILE
\fI/etc/passwd\fR \- informazioni sugli account di utenti
.br
\fI/etc/shadow\fR \- informazioni sicure sugli account di utenti
.br
\fI/etc/group\fR \- informazioni sui gruppi
.SH VEDERE ANCHE
.BR chfn (1),
.BR chsh (1),
.BR groupadd (8),
.BR groupdel (8),
.BR groupmod (8),
.BR passwd (1),
.BR useradd (8),
.BR userdel (8)
.SH AUTORE
Julianne Frances Haugh (jfh@tab.com)

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.so man8/wipw.8

31
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@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
.\" $Id: vipw.8,v 1.1 2002/03/10 07:41:07 kloczek Exp $
.\" Traduzione in italiano di Isabella Ruocco <isacher@nettaxi.com>
.\" Giugno 1999
.TH VIPW 8 "26 sep 1997"
.SH NOME
vipw, vigr \- editano i file delle password, dei gruppi, delle password oscurate, o dei gruppi oscurati.
.SH SINTASSI
.BR vipw " [-s]"
.br
.BR vigr " [-s]"
.SH DESCRIZIONE
.BR vipw " e " vigr
editeranno i file
.IR /etc/passwd " ed " /etc/group ", rispettivamente."
Con l'opzione
.B -s
, editeranno la versione oscurata di quei file,
.IR /etc/shadow " ed " /etc/gshadow ", rispettivamente.
I programmi imposteranno i lock appropriati per evitare la corruzione dei file.
Quando cercano un editor, i programmi prima proveranno
con la variabile d'ambiente
.BR VISUAL ,
poi con la variabile d'ambiente
.BR EDITOR ,
e infine con l'editor predefinito,
.BR vi .
.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
.BR passwd (5),
.BR group (5),
.BR shadow (5)

View File

@@ -8,3 +8,5 @@ man_MANS = \
login.1 \
newgrp.1 \
passwd.5
EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS)

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@@ -161,6 +161,8 @@ man_MANS = \
newgrp.1 \
passwd.5
EXTRA_DIST = $(man_MANS)
subdir = man/ko
ACLOCAL_M4 = $(top_srcdir)/aclocal.m4
mkinstalldirs = $(SHELL) $(top_srcdir)/mkinstalldirs

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.\"
.\" chfn.1 -- change your finger information
.\" (c) 1994 by salvatore valente <svalente@athena.mit.edu>
.\"
.\" this program is free software. you can redistribute it and
.\" modify it under the terms of the gnu general public license.
.\" there is no warranty.
.\"
.\" $Author: kloczek $
.\" $Revision: 1.1 $
.\" $Date: 2002/03/13 19:03:01 $
.\"
.TH CHFN 1 "October 13 1994" "chfn" "Linux Reference Manual"
.SH NAME
chfn \- <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> finger <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ٲ۴<D9B2>.
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B chfn
[\ \-f\ full-name\ ] [\ \-o\ office\ ] [\ \-p\ office-phone\ ]
[\ \-h\ home-phone\ ] [\ \-u\ ] [\ \-v\ ] [\ username\ ]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B chfn
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> finger <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ٲ۴<D9B2>. <20>̰<EFBFBD><CCB0><EFBFBD>
.I /etc/passwd
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ٲ۴<D9B2>.
.B finger
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20>ٷ<EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϱ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>̴<EFBFBD>.
.B finger
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
.B chfn
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ɿ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ٲ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD≯<EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ȭ, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ȭ<EFBFBD><C8AD>ȣ<EFBFBD><C8A3> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ش<EFBFBD>.
.SS COMMAND LINE
<EFBFBD>ƹ<EFBFBD> <20>ɼ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϸ<EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڿ<EFBFBD><DABF><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ٲ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><E0BFA1> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>Է<EFBFBD><D4B7><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ִ<EFBFBD>.
.SS INTERACTIVE MODE
<EFBFBD>ƹ<EFBFBD> <20>ɼ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϸ<EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڿ<EFBFBD><DABF><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ٲ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>. <20>̶<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ְ<EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ٲ<EFBFBD><D9B2><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>,
<EFBFBD>׳<EFBFBD> Enter <20>ۼ踦 <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ȴ<EFBFBD>.
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
.I "\-f, \-\-full-name"
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20≯<EFBFBD>
.TP
.I "\-o, \-\-office"
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
.TP
.I "\-p, \-\-office-phone"
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><>ȭ<EFBFBD><C8AD>ȣ
.TP
.I "\-h, \-\-home-phone"
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><>ȭ <20><>ȣ
.TP
.I "\-u, \-\-help"
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ְ<EFBFBD> <20><>ģ<EFBFBD><C4A3>.
.TP
.I "-v, \-\-version"
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ְ<EFBFBD> <20><>ģ<EFBFBD><C4A3>.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR finger (1),
.BR passwd (5)
.SH AUTHOR
Salvatore Valente <svalente@mit.edu>

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.\"
.\" chsh.1 -- change your login shell
.\" (c) 1994 by salvatore valente <svalente@athena.mit.edu>
.\"
.\" this program is free software. you can redistribute it and
.\" modify it under the terms of the gnu general public license.
.\" there is no warranty.
.\"
.\" $Author: kloczek $
.\" $Revision: 1.1 $
.\" $Date: 2002/03/13 19:03:01 $
.\"
.TH CHSH 1 "October 13 1994" "chsh" "Linux Reference Manual"
.SH NAME
chsh \- <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>α<EFBFBD><CEB1><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ٲ۴<D9B2>.
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B chsh
[\ \-s\ shell\ ] [\ \-l\ ] [\ \-u\ ] [\ \-v\ ] [\ username\ ]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B chsh
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڰ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϰ<EFBFBD> <20>ִ<EFBFBD> <20>α<EFBFBD><CEB1><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ٲٴµ<D9B4>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ȴ<EFBFBD>.
(<28≯<EFBFBD><CCB8><EFBFBD> exit <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20>α׾ƿ<D7BE><C6BF>Ǵ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.)
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڿ<EFBFBD><DABF><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EEBABB>.
.SS VALID SHELLS
.B chsh
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ɿ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>θ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϴ<EFBFBD> <20><EFBFBD><EEB6B0> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϵ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϴ<EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>,
.I /etc/shells
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ͽ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ǿ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ʴ<EFBFBD> Ǯ<>׸<EFBFBD><D7B8><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><ECBFA1> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>޽<EFBFBD><DEBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ش<EFBFBD>.
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
.I "\-s, \-\-shell"
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϴ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>α<EFBFBD><CEB1><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ٲ۴<D9B2>.
.TP
.I "\-l, \-\-list-shells"
.I /etc/shells
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ȿ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϰ<EFBFBD> <20><>ģ<EFBFBD><C4A3>.
.TP
.I "\-u, \-\-help"
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ְ<EFBFBD> <20><>ģ<EFBFBD><C4A3>.
.TP
.I "-v, \-\-version"
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ְ<EFBFBD> <20><>ģ<EFBFBD><C4A3>.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR login (1),
.BR passwd (5),
.BR shells (5)
.SH AUTHOR
Salvatore Valente <svalente@mit.edu>

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.TH GROUPS 1L "GNU <20><> <20><>ƿ<EFBFBD><C6BF>Ƽ" "FSF" \" -*- nroff -*-
.SH <EFBFBD≯<EFBFBD>
groups \- <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڰ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>׷<EFBFBD><D7B7><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>
.SH <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
.B groups
[<5B><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڸ<EFBFBD>...]
.br
.B groups
{\-\-help,\-\-version}
.SH <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> GNU <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
.BR groups
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD>ٷ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>.
.B groups
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>־<EFBFBD><D6BE><EFBFBD> <20><>
.IR username
<EFBFBD>Ǵ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>μ<EFBFBD><CEBC><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>߰<EFBFBD> <20>׷<EFBFBD><D7B7><EFBFBD> <20≯<EFBFBD><CCB8><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ش<EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڸ<EFBFBD><DAB8><EFBFBD> <20>־<EFBFBD><D6BE><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ٸ<EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڸ<EFBFBD><DAB8><EFBFBD> <20>Ҽӵ<D2BC> <20>׷<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>տ<EFBFBD> ǥ<>õȴ<C3B5>.
.PP
<EFBFBD>׷<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> `id \-Gn'<27><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>.
.SS <EFBFBD>ɼ<EFBFBD>
GNU
.B groups
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>μ<EFBFBD><CEBC><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ǹ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ɼǵ<C9BC><C7B5><EFBFBD> <20>ν<EFBFBD><CEBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>:
.TP
.I "\-\-help"
ǥ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϰ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.
.TP
.I "\-\-version"
ǥ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϰ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.

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.\" Copyright 1993 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License
.TH LOGIN 1 "1 February 1993" "Linux 0.99" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH <EFBFBD≯<EFBFBD>
login \- <20>ý<EFBFBD><C3BD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
.SH <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
.BR "login [ " <EFBFBD≯<EFBFBD> " ]"
.br
.B "login \-p"
.br
.BR "login \-h " ȣ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ʈ<EFBFBD≯<EFBFBD>
.br
.BR "login \-f " <EFBFBD≯<EFBFBD>
.SH <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
.B login
Ǯ<EFBFBD>׸<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20>ý<EFBFBD><C3BD>ۿ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ó<EFBFBD><C3B3><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ϴ<EFBFBD> Ǯ<>׸<EFBFBD><D7B8>̴<EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>߿<EFBFBD><DFBF><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڿ<EFBFBD><DABF><EFBFBD> <20>ٸ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڷ<EFBFBD> <20>ٲٰ<D9B2><D9B0><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20>ִ<EFBFBD>. (<28><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD>κ<EFBFBD><CEBA><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD>̷<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϰ<EFBFBD> <20>ֱ⵵ <20>ϴ<EFBFBD>.)
<EFBFBD>ƹ<EFBFBD> <20>ɼ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϸ<EFBFBD>,
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EEBAB8> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ʈ<EFBFBD><C6AE> <20><>Ÿ<EFBFBD><C5B8><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD>̶<EFBFBD> <20>ԷµǴ<C2B5> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> root<6F><74> <20>ƴϰ<C6B4>,
.I /etc/nologin
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD>Ͼȿ<CFBE> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> Ǯ<>׸<EFBFBD><D7B8><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ȴ<EFBFBD>. <20>̰<EFBFBD><CCB0><EFBFBD> <20>ý<EFBFBD><C3BD><EFBFBD> <20>˻糪 <20><>Ÿ <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>Ϲ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ϵ<EFBFBD><CFB5><EFBFBD> <20>Ҷ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ȴ<EFBFBD>.
.IR /etc/usertty
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ͽ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> Ư<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD>α<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD>źΰ<EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ǿ<EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD>,
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڰ<EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϰ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD>׿<EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ó<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD>̶<EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD>ӰźεǸ<CEB5> <20>α<EFBFBD><CEB1><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
.B syslog
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>۵<EFBFBD><DBB5>Ǿ<EFBFBD> <20><> <20><>Ȳ<EFBFBD><C8B2> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD>ڼ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>̾߱<CCBE><DFB1><EFBFBD> <20>Ʒ<EFBFBD><><C6AF> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ź<EFBFBD>" <20>κп<CEBA><D0BF><EFBFBD> <20>ٷ<EFBFBD><D9B7><EFBFBD>.
.IR /etc/securetty
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ͽ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> root<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD>ִ<EFBFBD> <EFBFBD>͹̳<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ǿ<EFBFBD> <EFBFBD>ִ<EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD>̶<EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>а<EFBFBD> <EFBFBD>Ͼ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
.B syslog
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>۵<EFBFBD><DBB5>Ǿ<EFBFBD> <20><> <20><>Ȳ<EFBFBD><C8B2> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> Ȯ<><C8AE> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD>й<EFBFBD>ȣ<EFBFBD><C8A3> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EEBAB8> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ʈ<EFBFBD><C6AE>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ÿ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>. (<28><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>й<EFBFBD>ȣ<EFBFBD><C8A3> <20>ʿ<EFBFBD><CABF>ϸ<EFBFBD> <20><>Ÿ<EFBFBD><C5B8><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>.)
<EFBFBD>̶<EFBFBD>, 10<31><30><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>й<EFBFBD>ȣ<EFBFBD><C8A3> Ʋ<><C6B2><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>Է<EFBFBD><D4B7>ϸ<EFBFBD> login<69><6E> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ȴ<EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD>׷<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, ó<><C3B3> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ٷ<EFBFBD> <20>ٽ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EEBAB8><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ʹ<EFBFBD> <20>ſ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD>ݺ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ȴ<EFBFBD>. (<28>α<EFBFBD><CEB1><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>)
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
.B syslog
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ɿ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><>Ȳ<EFBFBD><C8B2> <20><><EFBFBD>ϵȴ<CFB5>.
.I .hushlogin
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> $HOME <20><><EFBFBD>ξȿ<CEBE> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ִ<EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD>޽<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>α<EFBFBD><CEB1><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ð<EFBFBD><C3B0><EFBFBD> <20>˸<EFBFBD><CBB8><EFBFBD> <20>޽<EFBFBD><DEBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ʴ´<CAB4>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>,
.I /var/log/lastlog
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, <20><> <20><><EFBFBD>Ͽ<EFBFBD><CFBF><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>α<EFBFBD><CEB1><EFBFBD> <20>ð<EFBFBD><C3B0><EFBFBD> <20>о<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ְ<EFBFBD>,
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>Ͽ<EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>α<EFBFBD><CEB1><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD>α<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD>й<EFBFBD>ȣ Ȯ<><C8AE>ö<EFBFBD>ڰ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>,
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>͹̳<CDB9><CCB3><EFBFBD> UID, GID <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>۾<EFBFBD><DBBE><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>. TERM ȯ<><EFBFBD><E6BAAF><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ǰ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, <20><> ȯ<><EFBFBD><E6BAAF><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϰ<EFBFBD>,
(
.B \-p
<EFBFBD>ɼ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ǹ<EFBFBD> <20>ٸ<EFBFBD> ȯ<><EFBFBD><E6BAAF><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ȴ<EFBFBD>)
HOME, PATH, SHELL, TERM, MAIL, LOGNAME ȯ<><EFBFBD><E6BAAF><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD>Ϲ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڶ<EFBFBD><DAB6><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>θ<EFBFBD> <20>ʱⰪ<CAB1><E2B0AA><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>Ʒ<EFBFBD><C6B7><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϰ<EFBFBD>,
.br
.I /usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:.
root<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ʱⰪ<CAB1><E2B0AA><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>Ʒ<EFBFBD><C6B7><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.
.br
.I /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
.br
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> "<22><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>" <20>α<EFBFBD><CEB1><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ƴ϶<C6B4><CFB6><EFBFBD>, <20>׳<EFBFBD><D7B3><EFBFBD> <20>޽<EFBFBD><DEBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϰ<EFBFBD>,
.I /usr/spool/mail
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ξȿ<EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20≯<EFBFBD><CCB8><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> ũ<>Ⱑ 0<><30> <20>ƴ<EFBFBD><C6B4><EFBFBD> Ȯ<><C8AE><EFBFBD>ؼ<EFBFBD>
0<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ƴϸ<C6B4>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ִٰ<D6B4> <20>˷<EFBFBD><CBB7>ش<EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϴµ<CFB4>,
.BR /etc/passwd
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ͽ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ǿ<EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>,
.B /bin/sh
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>,
.IR /etc/passwd
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ͽ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> Ȩ <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ΰ<EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ǿ<EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>,
.I /
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>η<EFBFBD> <20>α<EFBFBD><CEB1>εȴ<CEB5>.(Ȩ <20><><EFBFBD>δ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
.I .hushlogin
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ִ<EFBFBD><D6B4><EFBFBD> Ȯ<><C8AE><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20>˻<EFBFBD><CBBB>ȴ<EFBFBD>.)
.SH <EFBFBD>ɼ<EFBFBD>
.TP
.B \-p
.B login
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> ȯ<><C8AF><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>״<EFBFBD><D7B4><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϵ<EFBFBD><CFB5><EFBFBD>
.BR getty (8)
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ɿ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ȴ<EFBFBD>.
.TP
.B \-f
<EFBFBD>ι<EFBFBD>° <20>α<EFBFBD><CEB1><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><ECBFA1> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>(<28><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ȯ<EFBFBD><C8AE><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>)<29><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.
root <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><ECBFA1> <20>۵<EFBFBD><DBB5><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ٸ<EFBFBD><D9B8><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD>۵<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ִ<EFBFBD>.
.TP
.B \-h
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ʈ ȣ<><C8A3>Ʈ <20>α<EFBFBD><CEB1>ν<EFBFBD>(<28><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, telnetd(8) <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>) <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>Է<EFBFBD><D4B7><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> utmp, wtmp <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ִ<EFBFBD>. <20><> <20>ɼ<EFBFBD><C9BC><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> root<6F><74><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20>ִ<EFBFBD>.
.SH <><C6AF> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ź<EFBFBD>"
.I /etc/securetty
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ͽ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> root<6F><74> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><> <20>͹̳<CDB9><CCB3><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ǿ<EFBFBD> <20>ִ<EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>͹̳<CDB9> <20≯<EFBFBD><CCB8><EFBFBD> /dev/ <20><><EFBFBD>ڸ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>͹̳<CDB9> <20≯<EFBFBD><CCB8><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>̴<EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ٸ<EFBFBD> root<6F><74> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>͹̳<CDB9><CCB3><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϴ<EFBFBD>.
.PP
.I /etc/usertty
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ͽ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> Ư<><C6AF> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ӿ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> Ư<><C6AF><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ִ<EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ٸ<EFBFBD>, <20><EFBFBD><EEB6B0> Ư<><C6AF> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>źΰ<C5BA><CEB0><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>κ<EFBFBD><CEBA><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ǿ<EFBFBD> <20>ִµ<D6B4>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20>κе<CEBA><D0B5><EFBFBD> <20≯<EFBFBD><CCB8><EFBFBD>
CLASSES, GROUPS, USERS <20>̴<EFBFBD>. CLASSES <20>κп<CEBA><D0BF><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>͹̳<CDB9><CCB3><EFBFBD> Ŭ<><C5AC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
ȣ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ʈ<EFBFBD≯<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ǵǰ<C7B5>, GROUPS <20>κп<CEBA><D0BF><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>׷<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ǵ<EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD>͹̳<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> ȣ<><C8A3>Ʈ<EFBFBD><C6AE> <20><><EFBFBD>ǵǰ<C7B5>, USERS <20>κп<CEBA><D0BF><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ǵ<EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD>͹̳<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> ȣ<><C8A3>Ʈ<EFBFBD><C6AE> <20><><EFBFBD>ǵȴ<C7B5>.
.PP
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> 255 <20><><EFBFBD>ڸ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>,
# <20><><EFBFBD>ڷ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϴ<EFBFBD> <20><> <20><> <20><>ü<EFBFBD><C3BC> <20>ּ<EFBFBD><D6BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> ó<><C3B3><EFBFBD>ȴ<EFBFBD>.
.PP
.SS "CLASSES <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>"
CLASSES <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><EFBFBD>ڷ<EFBFBD> ùĭ<C3B9><C4AD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> CLASSES<45><53><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ǵȴ<C7B5>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>κ<EFBFBD><CEBA><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ǵDZ<C7B5> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>κ<EFBFBD><CEBA><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>Եȴ<D4B5>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ܾ<EFBFBD><DCBE><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڳ<EFBFBD> <20>ǹ<EFBFBD><C7B9>ڷ<EFBFBD> <20>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ٿ<EFBFBD><D9BF><EFBFBD> <20>͹̳<CDB9><CCB3><EFBFBD> ȣ<><C8A3>Ʈ <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> Ŭ<><C5AC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ǵȴ<C7B5>.
.PP
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> ó<><C3B3><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڰ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϴ<EFBFBD> Ŭ<><C5AC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20≯<EFBFBD><CCB8><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>,
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> Ŭ<><C5AC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϴ<EFBFBD> <20>͹̳<CDB9><CCB3><EFBFBD> ȣ<><C8A3>Ʈ <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>´<EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> Ŭ<><C5AC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20≯<EFBFBD><CCB8><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> GROUPS, USERS <20><><EFBFBD>ǿ<EFBFBD><C7BF><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20>ִ<EFBFBD>.
.PP
CLASSES <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>:
.PP
.nf
.in +.5
CLASSES
myclass1 tty1 tty2
myclass2 tty3 @.foo.com
.in -.5
.fi
.PP
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
.I myclass1
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
.I myclass2
Ŭ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>κа<CEBA> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>̴<EFBFBD>.
.PP
.SS "GROUPS <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>"
GROUPS <20><><EFBFBD>ǿ<EFBFBD><C7BF><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>н<EFBFBD> <20>׷<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ǵ<EFBFBD> <20>͹̳<CDB9><CCB3><EFBFBD> ȣ<><C8A3>Ʈ<EFBFBD><C6AE> <20><><EFBFBD>ǵȴ<C7B5>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϴ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>׷<EFBFBD><D7B7><EFBFBD>(<28>̰<EFBFBD><CCB0><EFBFBD>
.I /etc/passwd
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϰ<EFBFBD>
.I /etc/group
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ͽ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> Ȯ<>ε<EFBFBD>)<29><>
.I /etc/usertty
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> GROUPS <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>κп<CEBA><D0BF><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ǵ<EFBFBD> <20>׷<EFBFBD><D7B7>̶<EFBFBD><CCB6><EFBFBD>, <20>׿<EFBFBD> <20>ش<EFBFBD><D8B4>Ǵ<EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD>͹̳<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> ȣ<><C8A3>Ʈ<EFBFBD><C6AE><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>.
.PP
GROUPS <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> ùĭ<C3B9><C4AD> <20><EFBFBD>ڷ<EFBFBD> GROUPS <20>̶<EFBFBD><CCB6><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ǰ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>۵ǰ<DBB5>,
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ǰ<EFBFBD> <20><>Ÿ<EFBFBD><C5B8><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ܾ<EFBFBD><DCBE><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڳ<EFBFBD> <20>ǹ<EFBFBD><C7B9>ڷ<EFBFBD> <20>ϸ<EFBFBD>,
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> ó<><C3B3><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>׷<EFBFBD><D7B7><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20>׷쿡<D7B7><ECBFA1> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20>ִ<EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD>͹̳<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> ȣ<><C8A3>Ʈ<EFBFBD><C6AE> <20>´<EFBFBD>. <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ǵ<EFBFBD> <20>͹̳<CDB9><CCB3><EFBFBD> ȣ<><C8A3>Ʈ <20>κп<CEBA><D0BF><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> CLASSES <20><><EFBFBD>ǿ<EFBFBD><C7BF><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> Ŭ<><C5AC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20≯<EFBFBD><CCB8><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ִ<EFBFBD>.
.PP
GROUPS <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>:
.PP
.nf
.in +0.5
GROUPS
sys tty1 @.bar.edu
stud myclass1 tty4
.in -0.5
.fi
.PP
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
.I sys
<EFBFBD>׷<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڴ<EFBFBD> bar.edu <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> ȣ<><C8A3>Ʈ<EFBFBD><C6AE><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, tty1<79>θ<EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϴ<EFBFBD>.
.I stud
<EFBFBD>׷<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڴ<EFBFBD> myclass1 Ŭ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD>Ǵ<EFBFBD> tty4<EFBFBD>θ<EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϴ<EFBFBD>.
.PP
.SS "USERS <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>"
USERS <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> ùĭ<C3B9><C4AD> USERS <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><EFBFBD>ڷ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ǵȴ<C7B5>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ܾ<EFBFBD><DCBE><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڿ<EFBFBD> <20>ǹ<EFBFBD><C7B9>ڷ<EFBFBD> <20>ϸ<EFBFBD>,
ùĭ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڰ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><> <20>ִ<EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD>͹̳<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڰ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>õ<EFBFBD><C3B5>ϴ<EFBFBD> ȣ<><C8A3>Ʈ<EFBFBD><C6AE> <20><><EFBFBD>ǵȴ<C7B5>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>͹̳<CDB9><CCB3><EFBFBD> ȣ<><C8A3>Ʈ <20><><EFBFBD>Ǻκп<CEBA><D0BF><EFBFBD> <20><> CLASSES <20><><EFBFBD>ǿ<EFBFBD><C7BF><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> Ŭ<><C5AC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ִ<EFBFBD>.
.PP
USERS <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>:
.PP
.nf
.in +0.5
USERS
zacho tty1 @130.225.16.0/255.255.255.0
blue tty3 myclass2
.in -0.5
.fi
.PP
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> zacho <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڴ<EFBFBD> IP <20>ּҰ<D6BC> 130.225.16.0 <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> 130.225.16.255
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> ȣ<><C8A3>Ʈ<EFBFBD><C6AE><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> tty1<79><31> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ϰ<EFBFBD><CFB0><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><> <20>ִ<EFBFBD>.
blue <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڴ<EFBFBD> myclass2<73><32><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ǵ<EFBFBD> ȯ<><C8AF><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> tty3<79><33><EFBFBD>θ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20>ִ<EFBFBD>.
.PP
USERS <20><><EFBFBD>Ǿȿ<C7BE><C8BF><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>κп<CEBA> * <20><><EFBFBD>ڰ<EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ִ<EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD>̰<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ʱⰪ <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD≯<EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڿ<EFBFBD><DABF><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ȴ<EFBFBD>.
.PP
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϰ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ϴ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>׷<EFBFBD><D7B7><EFBFBD> USERS, GROUPS <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20>κп<CEBA><D0BF><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ǹ<EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD>ǿ<EFBFBD><C7BF><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ǵ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>͹̳<CDB9>/ȣ<><C8A3>Ʈ<EFBFBD><C6AE> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ȴ<EFBFBD>.
.SS Origins
<EFBFBD>͹̳<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> ȣ<><C8A3>Ʈ <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>κп<CEBA><D0BF><EFBFBD> Ŭ<><C5AC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, origin<69>̶<EFBFBD><CCB6><EFBFBD> <20>θ<EFBFBD><CEB8><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD>ϱ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ڿ<EFBFBD><DABF><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ȴ<EFBFBD>. <20><> origin <20><><EFBFBD>ڿ<EFBFBD><DABF><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.
.IP o
<EFBFBD>͹̳<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD≯<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> /dev/ <EFBFBD>κ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>. <EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, tty1, ttyS0 <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ȴ<EFBFBD>.
.PP
.IP o
@localhost <20><><EFBFBD>ڿ<EFBFBD><DABF><EFBFBD> <20><>Į ȣ<><C8A3>Ʈ<EFBFBD><C6AE><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> telnet/rlogin<69><6E><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϴ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڸ<EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD>ǹ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>. <20><> `xterm -e /bin/login' <20><><EFBFBD>ɰ<EFBFBD><C9B0><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ȴٴ<C8B4> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ǹ<EFBFBD><C7B9>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.
.PP
.IP o
@.some.dom <20><><EFBFBD>ڿ<EFBFBD><DABF><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ʈ ȣ<><C8A3>Ʈ <20><><EFBFBD>ӽ<EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڰ<EFBFBD> rlogin/telnet<65><74><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> .some.dom<6F><6D> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> ȣ<><C8A3>Ʈ<EFBFBD><C6AE><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20>ִٴ<D6B4> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ǹ<EFBFBD><C7B9>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.
.PP
.IP o
IP <20>ּ<EFBFBD><D6BC><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> @x.x.x.x/y.y.y.y <20>̷<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϴµ<CFB4>,
<EFBFBD>̰<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> x.x.x.x <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> y.y.y.y <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> IP <20>ּҸ<D6BC> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> ȣ<><C8A3>Ʈ<EFBFBD><C6AE><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϴ<EFBFBD>. <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, @130.225.16.0/255.255.254.0
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϸ<EFBFBD>, IP<49><50> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> 130.225.16.0 \- 130.225.17.255<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
ȣ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ʈ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϴ<EFBFBD>.
.PP
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ÿ origin <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ǵ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ڿ<EFBFBD><DABF><EFBFBD> <20>ð<EFBFBD><C3B0><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>Ҽ<EFBFBD> <20>ִµ<D6B4>,
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>.
.PP
.nf
timespec ::= '[' <day-or-hour> [':' <day-or-hour>]* ']'
day ::= 'mon' | 'tue' | 'wed' | 'thu' | 'fri' | 'sat' | 'sun'
hour ::= '0' | '1' | ... | '23'
hourspec ::= <hour> | <hour> '\-' <hour>
day-or-hour ::= <day> | <hourspec>
.fi
.PP
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, [mon:tue:wed:thu:fri:8\-17]tty3 <20><><EFBFBD>ڿ<EFBFBD><DABF><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ϻ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ݿ<EFBFBD><DDBF>ϱ<EFBFBD><CFB1><EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> 8<><38> 00<30>к<EFBFBD><D0BA><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> 5<><35> 59<35>б<EFBFBD><D0B1><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
tty3<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ǹ<EFBFBD><C7B9>Ѵ<EFBFBD>. <20>ð<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>,
a\-b <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ǵǸ<C7B5> a<><61> 00<30><30> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> b<><62> 59<35>б<EFBFBD><D0B1><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ǹ<EFBFBD><C7B9>ϸ<EFBFBD>,
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ڸ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>(<28><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> 10) <20><> <20>ð<EFBFBD><C3B0><EFBFBD>(10<31><30> 00<30>к<EFBFBD><D0BA><EFBFBD> 10<31><30> 59<35>б<EFBFBD><D0B1><EFBFBD>)<29><>
<EFBFBD>ǹ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.
.PP
<EFBFBD>ð<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>κ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><EFBFBD><EEB6B0> <20>ð<EFBFBD><C3B0><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϴ<EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>Ϻ<EFBFBD><CFBA><EFBFBD> <20><> <20>ð<EFBFBD><C3B0><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ϰ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>Ǵ<EFBFBD><C7B4><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ð<EFBFBD><C3B0><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ִ<EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD>ð<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڸ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>.
.PP
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
.I /etc/usertty
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ͽ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD>ǵ<EFBFBD><C7B5><EFBFBD> <20>ٸ<EFBFBD><D9B8><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ϰ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ǵȴٸ<C8B4>,
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> Ư<><C6AF> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ź<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>.
.PP
.SH "<22><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>"
.nf
\fI/var/run/utmp\fR
\fI/var/log/wtmp\fR
\fI/var/log/lastlog\fR
\fI/etc/motd\fR
\fI/etc/passwd\fR
\fI/etc/nologin\fR
\fI/etc/usertty\fR
\fI$HOME/.hushlogin\fR
.fi
.SH "<22><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>׸<EFBFBD>"
.BR init (8),
.BR getty (8),
.BR mail (1),
.BR passwd (1),
.BR passwd (5),
.BR environ (7),
.BR shutdown (8)
.SH <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ٸ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ü<EEBFB5><C3BC><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>޸<EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ߺ<EFBFBD> <20>α<EFBFBD><CEB1><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ʴ´<CAB4>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> BSD<53><44>
.B \-r
<EFBFBD>ɼ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ʴ´<CAB4>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ɼ<EFBFBD><C9BC><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
.BR rlogind (8)
Ǯ<EFBFBD>׸<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ʿ<EFBFBD><CABF><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>𸥴<EFBFBD>.
.SH <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
Derived from BSD login 5.40 (5/9/89) by Michael Glad (glad@daimi.dk) for HP-UX
.br
Ported to Linux 0.12: Peter Orbaek (poe@daimi.aau.dk)

29
man/ko/newgrp.1 Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
.\" Original author unknown. This man page is in the public domain.
.\" Modified Sat Oct 9 17:46:48 1993 by faith@cs.unc.edu
.TH NEWGRP 1 "9 October 1993" "Linux 1.2" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH NAME
newgrp \- <20>ڽ<EFBFBD><DABD><EFBFBD> <20>Ҽӵ<D2BC> <20>׷<EFBFBD><D7B7><EFBFBD> <20><> <20>׷<EFBFBD><D7B7><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ٲ۴<D9B2>.
.SH SYNOPSIS
.BI "newgrp [ " group " ]"
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B Newgrp
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
changes the group identification of its caller, analogously to
.BR login (1).
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>α<EFBFBD><CEB1><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><> <20>ĺ<EFBFBD><C4BA>Ǵ<EFBFBD> <20>׷<EFBFBD><D7B7><EFBFBD> <20>ٲ۴<D9B2>.
\fIgroup\fR<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20>ִ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> /etc/group <20><><EFBFBD>Ͼȿ<CFBE>
<EFBFBD>ִ<EFBFBD> <20>׷<EFBFBD><D7B7><EFBFBD> <20≯<EFBFBD><CCB8>̳<EFBFBD>, GID <20><><EFBFBD>̿<EFBFBD><CCBF><EFBFBD> <20>ϸ<EFBFBD>,
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ڿ<EFBFBD><DABF><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> Ư<><C6AF><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ڽ<EFBFBD><DABD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD>׷<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ٲ۴<D9B2>.
.LP
.SH FILES
.I /etc/group
.br
.I /etc/passwd
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR login "(1), " group (5)
.SH AUTHOR
Originally by Michael Haardt. Currently maintained by
Peter Orbaek (poe@daimi.aau.dk).

120
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@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
.\" Copyright (c) 1993 Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de), Fri Apr 2 11:32:09 MET DST 1993
.\"
.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
.\"
.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
.\" intermediate and printed output.
.\"
.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
.\"
.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
.\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free
.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111,
.\" USA.
.\"
.\" Modified Sun Jul 25 10:46:28 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" Modified Sun Aug 21 18:12:27 1994 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" Modified Sun Jun 18 01:53:57 1995 by Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
.\" Modified Mon Jan 5 20:24:40 MET 1998 by Michael Haardt
.\" (michael@cantor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de)
.\"
.\" <20>ѱ<EFBFBD><D1B1><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> : ASPLINUX<man@asp-linux.co.kr> 2000<30><30> 7<><37> 29<32><39>
.\"
.TH PASSWD 5 "January 5, 1998" "" "File formats"
.SH <EFBFBD≯<EFBFBD>
passwd \- <20>н<EFBFBD><D0BD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
.SH <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
.B Passwd
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ؽ<EFBFBD>Ʈ <20><><EFBFBD>Ϸμ<CFB7>, <20>ý<EFBFBD><C3BD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϰ<EFBFBD> <20>ְ<EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> ID, <20>׷<EFBFBD>
ID, Ȩ <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>丮, <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ſ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><>ȣȭ<C8A3><C8AD> <20>н<EFBFBD><D0BD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.
Passwd<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>Ϲ<EFBFBD><CFB9><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>б<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ը<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϴ<EFBFBD>.
.PP
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>Ϲ<EFBFBD><CFB9><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>б<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>. <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ȣȭ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>н<EFBFBD><D0BD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20>־<EFBFBD><D6BE><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, <20>н<EFBFBD><D0BD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>带 ũ<><C5A9><EFBFBD>ϱ<CFB1><E2BFA1> <20>ϵ<EFBFBD><CFB5><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD>ʹ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>Ȱ<EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, <20><EFBFBD><E2BABB><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>׵<EFBFBD><D7B5><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> ģ<><C4A3><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ü<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>н<EFBFBD><D0BD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>̾<EFBFBD><CCBE><EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ó<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>н<EFBFBD><D0BD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>Ϻ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.
.I /etc/passwd<77><64> <20><>ȣȭ<C8A3><C8AD> <20>н<EFBFBD><D0BD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> *<2A><> <20><>
<EFBFBD>н<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><20><><EFBFBD>ϰ<EFBFBD>, <20><>ȣȭ<C8A3><C8AD> <20>н<EFBFBD><D0BD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20>ִ<EFBFBD>
.I /etc/shadow<6F><77> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ȴ<EFBFBD>.
.PP
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>н<EFBFBD><D0BD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ǵ<EFBFBD><C7B4><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ý<EFBFBD><C3BD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڵ<EFBFBD><DAB5><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڰ<EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD>ڱ<EFBFBD> <20>ڽ<EFBFBD><DABD><EFBFBD> <20>н<EFBFBD><D0BD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ͽ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>н<EFBFBD><D0BD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ʵ峻<CAB5><E5B3BB>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ǥ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.
.PP
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ο<EFBFBD> <20>α<EFBFBD><CEB1><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, <20><20>н<EFBFBD><D0BD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ʵ忡 <20><>ǥ<EFBFBD><C7A5> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, <20≯<EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϱ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> .BR passwd (1)<29><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.
PP
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><EFBFBD><E0B8B6> <20>ϳ<EFBFBD><CFB3><EFBFBD> <20>׸<EFBFBD><D7B8><EFBFBD> <20>ְ<EFBFBD>, <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.
.sp
.RS
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>:<3A>н<EFBFBD><D0BD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>:UID:GID:GECOS:<3A><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>丮:<3A><>
.RE
.sp
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ʵ忡 <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>.
.sp
.RS
.TP 1.0in
.I <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD>ý<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ۿ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20≯<EFBFBD>. <20><EFBFBD>ڸ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ؼ<EFBFBD><D8BC><EFBFBD> <20>ȵȴ<C8B5>.
.TP
.I <EFBFBD>н<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ȣȭ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>н<EFBFBD><D0BD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> Ȥ<><C8A4> <20><>ǥ
.TP
.I UID
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڷ<EFBFBD> ǥ<><C7A5><EFBFBD>Ǵ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> id
.TP
.I GID
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڿ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20>׷<EFBFBD> ID, <20><><EFBFBD>ڷ<EFBFBD> ǥ<><C7A5><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
.TP
.I GECOS
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ʵ<EFBFBD><CAB5><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>̰<EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>θ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ȴ<EFBFBD>. <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, <20>̴<EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><>ü <20≯<EFBFBD><CCB8><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>. GECOS<4F><53> <20>Ϲ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ü<EEBFB5><C3BC><EFBFBD>μ<EFBFBD>,
GE<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>Ŵ<EFBFBD> <20>ý<EFBFBD><C3BD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> Honeywell<6C><6C> <20>Ǹŵ<C7B8> GCOS,<2C><> <20>ٽ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ǿ<EFBFBD><C7BE><EFBFBD>. Dennis
Ritchie<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ϱ⸦, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><EFBFBD><ECB8AE> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> Ȥ<><C8A4> <20>ϰ<EFBFBD> ó<><C3B3> <20>۾<EFBFBD><DBBE><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
GCOS <20>ӽ<EFBFBD><D3BD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ͽ<EFBFBD><CFBF><EFBFBD>. <20>н<EFBFBD><D0BD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>Ͽ<EFBFBD><CFBF><EFBFBD> GCOS <20>ʵ<EFBFBD><CAB5><EFBFBD> $IDENTcard<72><64> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>ܵδ<DCB5> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>̴<EFBFBD>.
.TP
.I directory
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> $HOME <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
.TP
.I shell(<28><>)
<EFBFBD>α<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ν<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϴ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>α׷<CEB1>(<28><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ٸ<EFBFBD>, .BR /bin/sh<73><68> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.)
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ʴ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ϸ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ǿ<EFBFBD><C7BE>ٸ<EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڴ<EFBFBD> .BR login (1)<29><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD>α<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>̴<EFBFBD>.
.RE
.SH <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>׷<EFBFBD><D7B7><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ʹٸ<CDB4>, GID<49><44> <20>̿<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ͽ<EFBFBD><CFBF><EFBFBD> <20>ϸ<EFBFBD>,
\fI/etc/group\fP<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>׸<EFBFBD><D7B8><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ְų<D6B0>, <20>׷<EFBFBD><D7B7><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ʾƾ<CABE> <20>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.
.PP
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ȣȭ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>н<EFBFBD><D0BD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><20><>ǥ<EFBFBD><C7A5> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ڴ<EFBFBD> .BR login (1)<29><> <20>α<EFBFBD><CEB1><EFBFBD> <20><> <20><> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>,
.BR rlogin (1)<29><> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ͽ<EFBFBD> <EFBFBD>α<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD>ִ<EFBFBD>. <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϴ<EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>μ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>ϰ<EFBFBD>,
.BR rsh (1)
Ȥ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
.BR cron (1)
Ȥ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
.BR at (1)
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>ʱ<EFBFBD>ȭ<EFBFBD><C8AD>Ű<EFBFBD>ų<EFBFBD>, <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>͸<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>.
<EFBFBD>ܼ<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><> <20>ʵ带 <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѽ<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD>״<EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20>Ȱ<EFBFBD><C8B0><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <20><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>,
.BR su (1)<29><> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>Ѵ<EFBFBD>..
.SH <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
.I /etc/passwd
.SH <EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> <EFBFBD>׸<EFBFBD>
.BR passwd (1),
.BR login (1),
.BR su (1),
.BR group (5),
.BR shadow (5)

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@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: shadow-utils-20000902\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2004-01-14 07:41+0100\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2004-01-14 15:16+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2000-09-23 19:58+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Jiří Pavlovský <pavlovsk@ff.cuni.cz>\n"
"Language-Team: Czech <cs@li.org>\n"
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ msgid "%s: permission denied\n"
msgstr "%s: přístup odmítnut\n"
#: src/chage.c:489 src/chpasswd.c:136 src/groupadd.c:530 src/groupdel.c:325
#: src/groupmod.c:521 src/newusers.c:362 src/useradd.c:1582 src/userdel.c:657
#: src/groupmod.c:521 src/newusers.c:362 src/useradd.c:1661 src/userdel.c:657
#: src/usermod.c:1413
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: PAM authentication failed\n"
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ msgid "%s: can't rewrite password file\n"
msgstr "%s: soubor s hesly nelze přepsat\n"
#: src/chage.c:727 src/chpasswd.c:336 src/groupadd.c:592 src/groupdel.c:413
#: src/groupmod.c:606 src/newusers.c:609 src/useradd.c:1705 src/userdel.c:814
#: src/groupmod.c:606 src/newusers.c:609 src/useradd.c:1786 src/userdel.c:814
#: src/usermod.c:1494
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: PAM chauthtok failed\n"
@@ -772,18 +772,18 @@ msgid "Usage: groupadd [-g gid [-o]] [-f] group\n"
msgstr "Použití: groupadd [-g gid [-o]] [-f] skupina\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:168 src/groupadd.c:193 src/groupmod.c:180 src/groupmod.c:229
#: src/useradd.c:913 src/usermod.c:533 src/usermod.c:676
#: src/useradd.c:940 src/usermod.c:533 src/usermod.c:676
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new group entry\n"
msgstr "%s: chyba při přidávání položky souboru se skupinami\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:179 src/groupadd.c:204 src/groupmod.c:198 src/useradd.c:924
#: src/groupadd.c:179 src/groupadd.c:204 src/groupmod.c:198 src/useradd.c:951
#: src/usermod.c:545 src/usermod.c:689
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot add new dbm group entry\n"
msgstr "%s: nelze přidat položku do souboru s dbm databází skupin\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:256 src/useradd.c:977
#: src/groupadd.c:256 src/useradd.c:1004
#, c-format
msgid "%s: name %s is not unique\n"
msgstr "%s: jméno %s není jedinečné\n"
@@ -808,18 +808,18 @@ msgstr "%s: %s není platným jménem skupiny\n"
msgid "%s: invalid group %s\n"
msgstr "%s: chybná skupina %s\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:364 src/useradd.c:1173
#: src/groupadd.c:364 src/useradd.c:1200
#, c-format
msgid "%s: -O requires NAME=VALUE\n"
msgstr "%s: přepínač -O vyžaduje argument typu JMÉNO=HODNOTA\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:408 src/groupdel.c:171 src/groupmod.c:402 src/useradd.c:1288
#: src/groupadd.c:408 src/groupdel.c:171 src/groupmod.c:402 src/useradd.c:1315
#: src/userdel.c:302 src/usermod.c:557
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite group file\n"
msgstr "%s: soubor se skupinami nelze přepsat\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:416 src/groupdel.c:179 src/groupmod.c:410 src/useradd.c:1297
#: src/groupadd.c:416 src/groupdel.c:179 src/groupmod.c:410 src/useradd.c:1324
#: src/userdel.c:309 src/usermod.c:703
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite shadow group file\n"
@@ -1669,248 +1669,262 @@ msgstr ""
msgid "Entering System Maintenance Mode\n"
msgstr "Vstupuji do režimu údržby systému\n"
#: src/useradd.c:234
#: src/useradd.c:239
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rebuild the group database\n"
msgstr "%s: vytvořte znovu databázi skupin\n"
#: src/useradd.c:243
#: src/useradd.c:248
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rebuild the shadow group database\n"
msgstr "%s: vytvořte znovu databázi stínových skupin\n"
#: src/useradd.c:278 src/useradd.c:292 src/usermod.c:741 src/usermod.c:755
#: src/useradd.c:283 src/useradd.c:297 src/usermod.c:741 src/usermod.c:755
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid numeric argument `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: chybný numerický argument `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:349
#: src/useradd.c:354
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unknown gid %s\n"
msgstr "%s: gid %s je neznámé\n"
#: src/useradd.c:357 src/useradd.c:636 src/useradd.c:1129 src/usermod.c:244
#: src/useradd.c:362 src/useradd.c:663 src/useradd.c:1156 src/usermod.c:244
#: src/usermod.c:876
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unknown group %s\n"
msgstr "%s: skupina %s je neznámá\n"
#: src/useradd.c:419
#: src/useradd.c:434
#, c-format
msgid "GROUP=%u\n"
msgstr "SKUPINA=%u\n"
#: src/useradd.c:420
#: src/useradd.c:435
#, c-format
msgid "HOME=%s\n"
msgstr "DOMÁCÍ ADRESÁŘ=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:422
#: src/useradd.c:437
#, c-format
msgid "INACTIVE=%ld\n"
msgstr "VYPNUTÍ=%ld\n"
#: src/useradd.c:423
#: src/useradd.c:438
#, c-format
msgid "EXPIRE=%s\n"
msgstr "VYPRŠENÍ=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:425
#: src/useradd.c:440
#, c-format
msgid "SHELL=%s\n"
msgstr "INTERPRET PŘÍKAZŮ=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:426
#: src/useradd.c:441
#, c-format
msgid "SKEL=%s\n"
msgstr "SKELETON=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:462
#: src/useradd.c:442
#, c-format
msgid "CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=%s\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:479
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create new defaults file\n"
msgstr "%s: nemohu vytvořit nový soubor s implicitními hodnotami\n"
#: src/useradd.c:467
#: src/useradd.c:484
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot open new defaults file\n"
msgstr "%s: nemohu vytvořit nový soubor s implicitními hodnotami\n"
#: src/useradd.c:552 src/useradd.c:564
#: src/useradd.c:578 src/useradd.c:590
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rename: %s"
msgstr "%s: přejmenovat: %s"
#: src/useradd.c:657 src/usermod.c:265
#: src/useradd.c:684 src/usermod.c:265
#, c-format
msgid "%s: group `%s' is a NIS group.\n"
msgstr "%s: skupina `%s' je NIS skupinou\n"
#: src/useradd.c:666 src/usermod.c:274
#: src/useradd.c:693 src/usermod.c:274
#, c-format
msgid "%s: too many groups specified (max %d).\n"
msgstr "%s: zadáno příliš mnoho skupin (max %d).\n"
#: src/useradd.c:698
#: src/useradd.c:725
msgid "Usage: useradd [-u uid [-o]] [-g group] [-G group,...] \n"
msgstr "Použití: useradd [-u uid [-o]] [-g skupina [-G skupina,...] \n"
#: src/useradd.c:701
#: src/useradd.c:728
msgid " [-d home] [-s shell] [-c comment] [-m [-k template]]\n"
msgstr ""
" [-d domácí adr.] [-s shell] [-c komentář]\n"
" [-m [-k šablona]]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:703 src/useradd.c:708
#: src/useradd.c:730 src/useradd.c:735
msgid " [-f inactive] [-e expire]\n"
msgstr " [-f vypnutí] [-e vypršení]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:706
#: src/useradd.c:733
msgid " useradd -D [-g group] [-b base] [-s shell]\n"
msgstr " useradd -D [-g skupina [-b základní adr.] [-s shell]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:793 src/usermod.c:461
#: src/useradd.c:820 src/usermod.c:461
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error locking group file\n"
msgstr "%s: chyba při zamykání souboru se skupinami\n"
#: src/useradd.c:798 src/usermod.c:467
#: src/useradd.c:825 src/usermod.c:467
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error opening group file\n"
msgstr "%s: chyba při otevírání souboru se skupinami\n"
#: src/useradd.c:805 src/usermod.c:578
#: src/useradd.c:832 src/usermod.c:578
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error locking shadow group file\n"
msgstr "%s: chyba při zamykání souboru se stínovými hesly\n"
#: src/useradd.c:810 src/usermod.c:584
#: src/useradd.c:837 src/usermod.c:584
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error opening shadow group file\n"
msgstr "%s: chyba při otevírání souboru se stínovými hesly\n"
#: src/useradd.c:982
#: src/useradd.c:1009
#, c-format
msgid "%s: uid %u is not unique\n"
msgstr "%s uid %u není jedinečné\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1012
#: src/useradd.c:1039
#, c-format
msgid "%s: can't get unique uid\n"
msgstr "%s: nemohu získat jedinečné uid\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1049
#: src/useradd.c:1076
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid base directory `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: chybný základní adresář `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1059
#: src/useradd.c:1086
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid comment `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: chybný komentář `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1070
#: src/useradd.c:1097
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid home directory `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: chybný domácí adresář `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1089 src/usermod.c:858
#: src/useradd.c:1116 src/usermod.c:858
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid date `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: chybné datum `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1102
#: src/useradd.c:1129
#, c-format
msgid "%s: shadow passwords required for -e\n"
msgstr "%s: přepínač -e vyžaduje stínová hesla\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1118
#: src/useradd.c:1145
#, c-format
msgid "%s: shadow passwords required for -f\n"
msgstr "%s: přepínač -f vyžaduje stínová hesla\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1185 src/usermod.c:834 src/usermod.c:844 src/usermod.c:891
#: src/useradd.c:1212 src/usermod.c:834 src/usermod.c:844 src/usermod.c:891
#: src/usermod.c:935
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid field `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: chybná položka `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1196
#: src/useradd.c:1223
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid shell `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: chybný shell `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1237
#: src/useradd.c:1264
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid user name '%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: chybné uživatelské jméno `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1273 src/userdel.c:293 src/usermod.c:1003
#: src/useradd.c:1300 src/userdel.c:293 src/usermod.c:1003
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite password file\n"
msgstr "%s: soubor s hesly nelze přepsat\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1280 src/userdel.c:298 src/usermod.c:1010
#: src/useradd.c:1307 src/userdel.c:298 src/usermod.c:1010
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: soubor se stínovými hesly nelze přepsat\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1321 src/userdel.c:350 src/usermod.c:1044
#: src/useradd.c:1348 src/userdel.c:350 src/usermod.c:1044
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unable to lock password file\n"
msgstr "%s: soubor s hesly nelze zamknout\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1326 src/userdel.c:355 src/usermod.c:1049
#: src/useradd.c:1353 src/userdel.c:355 src/usermod.c:1049
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unable to open password file\n"
msgstr "%s: soubor s hesly nelze otevřít\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1334 src/userdel.c:362 src/usermod.c:1056
#: src/useradd.c:1361 src/userdel.c:362 src/usermod.c:1056
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot lock shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: soubor se stínovými hesly nelze zamknout\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1341 src/userdel.c:368 src/usermod.c:1062
#: src/useradd.c:1368 src/userdel.c:368 src/usermod.c:1062
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot open shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: soubor se stínovými hesly nelze otevřít\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1435
#: src/useradd.c:1462
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new password entry\n"
msgstr "%s: chyba při vytváření nové položky v souboru s hesly\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1449
#: src/useradd.c:1476
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error updating password dbm entry\n"
msgstr "%s: chyba při aktualizaci položky dbm databáze hesel\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1465 src/usermod.c:1151
#: src/useradd.c:1492 src/usermod.c:1151
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new shadow password entry\n"
msgstr "%s: chyba při vytváření nové položky v souboru se stínovými hesly\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1481 src/usermod.c:1168
#: src/useradd.c:1508 src/usermod.c:1168
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error updating shadow passwd dbm entry\n"
msgstr "%s: chyba při aktualizaci položky dbm databáze stínových hesel\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1513
#: src/useradd.c:1540
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create directory %s\n"
msgstr "%s: adresář %s nelze vytvořit\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1634 src/usermod.c:981
#: src/useradd.c:1570
msgid "No group named \"mail\" exists, creating mail spool with mode 0600.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1593
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "Can't create mail spool for user %s.\n"
msgstr "%s: položku pro uživatele %s nelze aktualizovat\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1713 src/usermod.c:981
#, c-format
msgid "%s: user %s exists\n"
msgstr "%s: uživatel %s již existuje\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1649
#: src/useradd.c:1728
#, c-format
msgid ""
"%s: group %s exists - if you want to add this user to that group, use -g.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1687
#: src/useradd.c:1766
#, c-format
msgid "%s: warning: CREATE_HOME not supported, please use -m instead.\n"
msgstr "%s: varování: CREATE_HOME není podporováno, použijte přepínač -m\n"
@@ -2143,10 +2157,6 @@ msgstr ""
"`vipw' edituje /etc/passwd `vipw -s' edituje /etc/shadow\n"
"`vigr' edituje /etc/group `vigr -s' edituje /etc/gshadow\n"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Can't create mail spool for user %s.\n"
#~ msgstr "%s: položku pro uživatele %s nelze aktualizovat\n"
#~ msgid "User %s has a TCFS key, his old password is required.\n"
#~ msgstr "Uživatel %s má TCFS klíč, je třeba jeho staré heslo.\n"

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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: shadow 19990709\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2004-01-14 07:41+0100\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2004-01-14 15:16+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2002-03-11 12:02-0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Frank Schmid <frank@cs-schmid.de>\n"
"Language-Team: Frank Schmid <frank@cs-schmid.de>\n"
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ msgid "%s: permission denied\n"
msgstr "%s: Zugriff verweigert\n"
#: src/chage.c:489 src/chpasswd.c:136 src/groupadd.c:530 src/groupdel.c:325
#: src/groupmod.c:521 src/newusers.c:362 src/useradd.c:1582 src/userdel.c:657
#: src/groupmod.c:521 src/newusers.c:362 src/useradd.c:1661 src/userdel.c:657
#: src/usermod.c:1413
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: PAM authentication failed\n"
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ msgid "%s: can't rewrite password file\n"
msgstr "%s: Kann die Kennwortdatei nicht neu erstellen\n"
#: src/chage.c:727 src/chpasswd.c:336 src/groupadd.c:592 src/groupdel.c:413
#: src/groupmod.c:606 src/newusers.c:609 src/useradd.c:1705 src/userdel.c:814
#: src/groupmod.c:606 src/newusers.c:609 src/useradd.c:1786 src/userdel.c:814
#: src/usermod.c:1494
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: PAM chauthtok failed\n"
@@ -773,18 +773,18 @@ msgid "Usage: groupadd [-g gid [-o]] [-f] group\n"
msgstr "Syntax: groupadd [-g gid [-o]] [-f] Gruppe\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:168 src/groupadd.c:193 src/groupmod.c:180 src/groupmod.c:229
#: src/useradd.c:913 src/usermod.c:533 src/usermod.c:676
#: src/useradd.c:940 src/usermod.c:533 src/usermod.c:676
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new group entry\n"
msgstr "%s: Fehler beim Hinzufügen eines neuen Gruppeneintrags\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:179 src/groupadd.c:204 src/groupmod.c:198 src/useradd.c:924
#: src/groupadd.c:179 src/groupadd.c:204 src/groupmod.c:198 src/useradd.c:951
#: src/usermod.c:545 src/usermod.c:689
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot add new dbm group entry\n"
msgstr "%s: Kann keinen neuen DBM-Gruppen-Eintrag hinzufügen\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:256 src/useradd.c:977
#: src/groupadd.c:256 src/useradd.c:1004
#, c-format
msgid "%s: name %s is not unique\n"
msgstr "%s: Name %s ist nicht eindeutig\n"
@@ -809,18 +809,18 @@ msgstr "%s: %s ist kein gültiger Gruppenname\n"
msgid "%s: invalid group %s\n"
msgstr "%s: Ungültige Gruppe %s\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:364 src/useradd.c:1173
#: src/groupadd.c:364 src/useradd.c:1200
#, c-format
msgid "%s: -O requires NAME=VALUE\n"
msgstr "%s: -O benötigt NAME=WERT\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:408 src/groupdel.c:171 src/groupmod.c:402 src/useradd.c:1288
#: src/groupadd.c:408 src/groupdel.c:171 src/groupmod.c:402 src/useradd.c:1315
#: src/userdel.c:302 src/usermod.c:557
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite group file\n"
msgstr "%s: Kann Gruppendatei nicht neu erstellen\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:416 src/groupdel.c:179 src/groupmod.c:410 src/useradd.c:1297
#: src/groupadd.c:416 src/groupdel.c:179 src/groupmod.c:410 src/useradd.c:1324
#: src/userdel.c:309 src/usermod.c:703
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite shadow group file\n"
@@ -1670,241 +1670,255 @@ msgstr ""
msgid "Entering System Maintenance Mode\n"
msgstr "Starte im Systemwartungs-Modus\n"
#: src/useradd.c:234
#: src/useradd.c:239
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rebuild the group database\n"
msgstr "%s: Baue die Gruppendatenbank neu auf\n"
#: src/useradd.c:243
#: src/useradd.c:248
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rebuild the shadow group database\n"
msgstr "%s: Baue die Shadow-Gruppendatenbank neu auf\n"
#: src/useradd.c:278 src/useradd.c:292 src/usermod.c:741 src/usermod.c:755
#: src/useradd.c:283 src/useradd.c:297 src/usermod.c:741 src/usermod.c:755
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid numeric argument `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: Ungültiges nummerisches Argument `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:349
#: src/useradd.c:354
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unknown gid %s\n"
msgstr "%s: GID %s unbekannt\n"
#: src/useradd.c:357 src/useradd.c:636 src/useradd.c:1129 src/usermod.c:244
#: src/useradd.c:362 src/useradd.c:663 src/useradd.c:1156 src/usermod.c:244
#: src/usermod.c:876
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unknown group %s\n"
msgstr "%s: Gruppe %s unbekannt\n"
#: src/useradd.c:419
#: src/useradd.c:434
#, c-format
msgid "GROUP=%u\n"
msgstr "GROUP=%u\n"
#: src/useradd.c:420
#: src/useradd.c:435
#, c-format
msgid "HOME=%s\n"
msgstr "HOME=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:422
#: src/useradd.c:437
#, c-format
msgid "INACTIVE=%ld\n"
msgstr "INACTIVE=%ld\n"
#: src/useradd.c:423
#: src/useradd.c:438
#, c-format
msgid "EXPIRE=%s\n"
msgstr "EXPIRE=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:425
#: src/useradd.c:440
#, c-format
msgid "SHELL=%s\n"
msgstr "SHELL=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:426
#: src/useradd.c:441
#, c-format
msgid "SKEL=%s\n"
msgstr "SKEL=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:462
#: src/useradd.c:442
#, c-format
msgid "CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=%s\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:479
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create new defaults file\n"
msgstr "%s: Kann keine neue Datei mit Standardwerten erstellen\n"
#: src/useradd.c:467
#: src/useradd.c:484
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot open new defaults file\n"
msgstr "%s: Kann die neue Datei mit Standardwerten nicht öffnen\n"
#: src/useradd.c:552 src/useradd.c:564
#: src/useradd.c:578 src/useradd.c:590
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rename: %s"
msgstr "%s: Umbenennen: %s"
#: src/useradd.c:657 src/usermod.c:265
#: src/useradd.c:684 src/usermod.c:265
#, c-format
msgid "%s: group `%s' is a NIS group.\n"
msgstr "%s: Die Gruppe `%s' ist eine NIS-Gruppe.\n"
#: src/useradd.c:666 src/usermod.c:274
#: src/useradd.c:693 src/usermod.c:274
#, c-format
msgid "%s: too many groups specified (max %d).\n"
msgstr "%s: Zu viele Gruppen angegeben (max %d).\n"
#: src/useradd.c:698
#: src/useradd.c:725
msgid "Usage: useradd [-u uid [-o]] [-g group] [-G group,...] \n"
msgstr "Syntax: useradd [-u uid [-o]] [-g Gruppe] [-G Gruppe,...] \n"
#: src/useradd.c:701
#: src/useradd.c:728
msgid " [-d home] [-s shell] [-c comment] [-m [-k template]]\n"
msgstr ""
" [-d home] [-s Shell] [-c Kommentar] [-m [-k Vorlage]]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:703 src/useradd.c:708
#: src/useradd.c:730 src/useradd.c:735
msgid " [-f inactive] [-e expire]\n"
msgstr " [-f inaktiv] [-e Ablauf]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:706
#: src/useradd.c:733
msgid " useradd -D [-g group] [-b base] [-s shell]\n"
msgstr " useradd -D [-g Gruppe] [-b Basis] [-s Shell]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:793 src/usermod.c:461
#: src/useradd.c:820 src/usermod.c:461
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error locking group file\n"
msgstr "%s: Kann Gruppendatei nicht sperren\n"
#: src/useradd.c:798 src/usermod.c:467
#: src/useradd.c:825 src/usermod.c:467
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error opening group file\n"
msgstr "%s: Kann Gruppendatei nicht öffnen\n"
#: src/useradd.c:805 src/usermod.c:578
#: src/useradd.c:832 src/usermod.c:578
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error locking shadow group file\n"
msgstr "%s: Kann Shadow-Gruppendatei nicht sperren\n"
#: src/useradd.c:810 src/usermod.c:584
#: src/useradd.c:837 src/usermod.c:584
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error opening shadow group file\n"
msgstr "%s: Kann Shadow-Gruppendatei nicht öffnen\n"
#: src/useradd.c:982
#: src/useradd.c:1009
#, c-format
msgid "%s: uid %u is not unique\n"
msgstr "%s: UID %u ist nicht eindeutig\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1012
#: src/useradd.c:1039
#, c-format
msgid "%s: can't get unique uid\n"
msgstr "%s: Kann keine eindeutige UID finden\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1049
#: src/useradd.c:1076
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid base directory `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: Ungültiges Basisverzeichnis `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1059
#: src/useradd.c:1086
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid comment `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: Kommentar `%s' ungültig\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1070
#: src/useradd.c:1097
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid home directory `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: Homeverzeichnis `%s' ungültig\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1089 src/usermod.c:858
#: src/useradd.c:1116 src/usermod.c:858
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid date `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: Datum `%s' ungültig\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1102
#: src/useradd.c:1129
#, c-format
msgid "%s: shadow passwords required for -e\n"
msgstr "%s: Shadow-Kennwörter für -e benötigt\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1118
#: src/useradd.c:1145
#, c-format
msgid "%s: shadow passwords required for -f\n"
msgstr "%s: Shadow-Kennwörter für -f benötigt\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1185 src/usermod.c:834 src/usermod.c:844 src/usermod.c:891
#: src/useradd.c:1212 src/usermod.c:834 src/usermod.c:844 src/usermod.c:891
#: src/usermod.c:935
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid field `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: Feld `%s' ungültig\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1196
#: src/useradd.c:1223
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid shell `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: Shell `%s' ist ungültig\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1237
#: src/useradd.c:1264
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid user name '%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: Benutzername `%s' ungültig\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1273 src/userdel.c:293 src/usermod.c:1003
#: src/useradd.c:1300 src/userdel.c:293 src/usermod.c:1003
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite password file\n"
msgstr "%s: Kann Kennwortdatei nicht neu erstellen\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1280 src/userdel.c:298 src/usermod.c:1010
#: src/useradd.c:1307 src/userdel.c:298 src/usermod.c:1010
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: Kann Shadow-Kennwortdatei nicht neu erstellen\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1321 src/userdel.c:350 src/usermod.c:1044
#: src/useradd.c:1348 src/userdel.c:350 src/usermod.c:1044
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unable to lock password file\n"
msgstr "%s: Kann Kennwortdatei nicht sperren\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1326 src/userdel.c:355 src/usermod.c:1049
#: src/useradd.c:1353 src/userdel.c:355 src/usermod.c:1049
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unable to open password file\n"
msgstr "%s: Kann Kennwortdatei nicht öffnen\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1334 src/userdel.c:362 src/usermod.c:1056
#: src/useradd.c:1361 src/userdel.c:362 src/usermod.c:1056
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot lock shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: Kann Shadow-Kennwortdatei nicht sperren\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1341 src/userdel.c:368 src/usermod.c:1062
#: src/useradd.c:1368 src/userdel.c:368 src/usermod.c:1062
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot open shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: Kann Shadow-Kennwortdatei nicht öffnen\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1435
#: src/useradd.c:1462
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new password entry\n"
msgstr "%s: Fehler beim Hinzufügen eines neuen Kennworteintrags\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1449
#: src/useradd.c:1476
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error updating password dbm entry\n"
msgstr "%s: Fehler beim Aktualisieren des DBM-Kennworteintrags\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1465 src/usermod.c:1151
#: src/useradd.c:1492 src/usermod.c:1151
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new shadow password entry\n"
msgstr "%s: Fehler beim Hinzufügen des neuen Shadow-Kennworteintrags\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1481 src/usermod.c:1168
#: src/useradd.c:1508 src/usermod.c:1168
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error updating shadow passwd dbm entry\n"
msgstr "%s: Fehler beim Aktualisieren des Shadow-DBM-Kennworteintrags\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1513
#: src/useradd.c:1540
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create directory %s\n"
msgstr "%s: Kann Verzeichnis %s nicht erstellen\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1634 src/usermod.c:981
#: src/useradd.c:1570
msgid "No group named \"mail\" exists, creating mail spool with mode 0600.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1593
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "Can't create mail spool for user %s.\n"
msgstr "%s: Kann Eintrag für Benutzer %s nicht aktualisieren\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1713 src/usermod.c:981
#, c-format
msgid "%s: user %s exists\n"
msgstr "%s: Benutzer %s vorhanden\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1649
#: src/useradd.c:1728
#, c-format
msgid ""
"%s: group %s exists - if you want to add this user to that group, use -g.\n"
@@ -1912,7 +1926,7 @@ msgstr ""
"%s: Gruppe %s vorhanden - Wenn Sie den Benutzer zur Gruppe\n"
"hinzufügen wollen, benutzen Sie -g.\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1687
#: src/useradd.c:1766
#, c-format
msgid "%s: warning: CREATE_HOME not supported, please use -m instead.\n"
msgstr ""
@@ -2149,10 +2163,6 @@ msgstr ""
"`vipw' bearbeitet /etc/passwd `vipw -s' bearbeitet /etc/shadow\n"
"`vigr' bearbeitet /etc/group `vigr -s' bearbeitet /etc/gshadow\n"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Can't create mail spool for user %s.\n"
#~ msgstr "%s: Kann Eintrag für Benutzer %s nicht aktualisieren\n"
#~ msgid "User %s has a TCFS key, his old password is required.\n"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "Benutzer %s besitzt einen TCFS-Schlüssel, sein altes Kennwort wird "

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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: Shadow 980726\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2004-01-14 07:41+0100\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2004-01-14 15:16+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 1998-12-28 20:35:31+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Nikos Mavroyanopoulos <nmav@i-net.paiko.gr>\n"
"Language-Team: Hellenic <el@li.org>\n"
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ msgid "%s: permission denied\n"
msgstr "%s: άδεια απορρίφθηκε\n"
#: src/chage.c:489 src/chpasswd.c:136 src/groupadd.c:530 src/groupdel.c:325
#: src/groupmod.c:521 src/newusers.c:362 src/useradd.c:1582 src/userdel.c:657
#: src/groupmod.c:521 src/newusers.c:362 src/useradd.c:1661 src/userdel.c:657
#: src/usermod.c:1413
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: PAM authentication failed\n"
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ msgid "%s: can't rewrite password file\n"
msgstr "%s: αδυναμία επανεγγραφής αρχείου συνθηματικών\n"
#: src/chage.c:727 src/chpasswd.c:336 src/groupadd.c:592 src/groupdel.c:413
#: src/groupmod.c:606 src/newusers.c:609 src/useradd.c:1705 src/userdel.c:814
#: src/groupmod.c:606 src/newusers.c:609 src/useradd.c:1786 src/userdel.c:814
#: src/usermod.c:1494
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: PAM chauthtok failed\n"
@@ -779,18 +779,18 @@ msgid "Usage: groupadd [-g gid [-o]] [-f] group\n"
msgstr "χρήση: groupadd [-g gid [-o]] [-f] ομάδα\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:168 src/groupadd.c:193 src/groupmod.c:180 src/groupmod.c:229
#: src/useradd.c:913 src/usermod.c:533 src/usermod.c:676
#: src/useradd.c:940 src/usermod.c:533 src/usermod.c:676
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new group entry\n"
msgstr "%s: Σφάλμα κατά την προσθήκη νέας καταχώρησης στο αρχείο ομάδων\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:179 src/groupadd.c:204 src/groupmod.c:198 src/useradd.c:924
#: src/groupadd.c:179 src/groupadd.c:204 src/groupmod.c:198 src/useradd.c:951
#: src/usermod.c:545 src/usermod.c:689
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot add new dbm group entry\n"
msgstr "%s: αδυναμία προσθήκης νέας dbm καταχώρησης στο αρχείο ομάδων\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:256 src/useradd.c:977
#: src/groupadd.c:256 src/useradd.c:1004
#, c-format
msgid "%s: name %s is not unique\n"
msgstr "%s: Το όνομα %s δεν είναι μοναδικό\n"
@@ -815,18 +815,18 @@ msgstr "%s: Το %s δεν είναι έγκυρο όνομα ομάδας\n"
msgid "%s: invalid group %s\n"
msgstr "%s: Μη έγκυρη ομάδα `%s'\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:364 src/useradd.c:1173
#: src/groupadd.c:364 src/useradd.c:1200
#, c-format
msgid "%s: -O requires NAME=VALUE\n"
msgstr "%s: -O απαιτεί ΌΝΟΜΑ=ΤΙΜΗ\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:408 src/groupdel.c:171 src/groupmod.c:402 src/useradd.c:1288
#: src/groupadd.c:408 src/groupdel.c:171 src/groupmod.c:402 src/useradd.c:1315
#: src/userdel.c:302 src/usermod.c:557
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite group file\n"
msgstr "%s: αδυναμία επανεγγραφής του αρχείου ομάδων\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:416 src/groupdel.c:179 src/groupmod.c:410 src/useradd.c:1297
#: src/groupadd.c:416 src/groupdel.c:179 src/groupmod.c:410 src/useradd.c:1324
#: src/userdel.c:309 src/usermod.c:703
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite shadow group file\n"
@@ -1698,254 +1698,268 @@ msgstr ""
msgid "Entering System Maintenance Mode\n"
msgstr "Έναρξη Κατάστασης Συντήρησης Συστήματος\n"
#: src/useradd.c:234
#: src/useradd.c:239
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rebuild the group database\n"
msgstr "%s: επανακτίστε την βάση δεδομένων ομάδων\n"
#: src/useradd.c:243
#: src/useradd.c:248
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rebuild the shadow group database\n"
msgstr "%s: επανακτίστε την βάση δεδομένων των σκιωδών συνθηματικών ομάδων\n"
#: src/useradd.c:278 src/useradd.c:292 src/usermod.c:741 src/usermod.c:755
#: src/useradd.c:283 src/useradd.c:297 src/usermod.c:741 src/usermod.c:755
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid numeric argument `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: Μη έγκυρη αριθμητική παράμετρος `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:349
#: src/useradd.c:354
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unknown gid %s\n"
msgstr "%s: άγνωστο gid %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:357 src/useradd.c:636 src/useradd.c:1129 src/usermod.c:244
#: src/useradd.c:362 src/useradd.c:663 src/useradd.c:1156 src/usermod.c:244
#: src/usermod.c:876
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unknown group %s\n"
msgstr "%s: άγνωστη ομάδα %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:419
#: src/useradd.c:434
#, c-format
msgid "GROUP=%u\n"
msgstr "ΟΜΑΔΑ=%u\n"
#: src/useradd.c:420
#: src/useradd.c:435
#, c-format
msgid "HOME=%s\n"
msgstr "ΜΗΤΡΙΚΟΣ_ΚΑΤΑΛΟΓΟΣ=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:422
#: src/useradd.c:437
#, c-format
msgid "INACTIVE=%ld\n"
msgstr "ΑΝΕΝΕΡΓΟΣ=%ld\n"
#: src/useradd.c:423
#: src/useradd.c:438
#, c-format
msgid "EXPIRE=%s\n"
msgstr "ΛΗΞΗ=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:425
#: src/useradd.c:440
#, c-format
msgid "SHELL=%s\n"
msgstr "ΚΕΛΥΦΟΣ=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:426
#: src/useradd.c:441
#, c-format
msgid "SKEL=%s\n"
msgstr "ΣΚΕΛ=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:462
#: src/useradd.c:442
#, c-format
msgid "CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=%s\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:479
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create new defaults file\n"
msgstr "%s: αδυναμία δημιουργίας νέου αρχείου προκαθορισμένων ρυθμίσεων\n"
#: src/useradd.c:467
#: src/useradd.c:484
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot open new defaults file\n"
msgstr "%s: αδυναμία δημιουργίας νέου αρχείου προκαθορισμένων ρυθμίσεων\n"
#: src/useradd.c:552 src/useradd.c:564
#: src/useradd.c:578 src/useradd.c:590
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rename: %s"
msgstr "%s: μετονομασία: %s"
#: src/useradd.c:657 src/usermod.c:265
#: src/useradd.c:684 src/usermod.c:265
#, c-format
msgid "%s: group `%s' is a NIS group.\n"
msgstr "%s: Η ομάδα `%s' είναι NIS ομάδα.\n"
#: src/useradd.c:666 src/usermod.c:274
#: src/useradd.c:693 src/usermod.c:274
#, c-format
msgid "%s: too many groups specified (max %d).\n"
msgstr "%s: Προσδιορίστηκαν υπερβολικές ομάδες (μεγ. %d).\n"
#: src/useradd.c:698
#: src/useradd.c:725
msgid "Usage: useradd [-u uid [-o]] [-g group] [-G group,...] \n"
msgstr "χρήση: useradd [-u uid [-o]] [-g ομάδα] [-G ομάδα,...] \n"
#: src/useradd.c:701
#: src/useradd.c:728
msgid " [-d home] [-s shell] [-c comment] [-m [-k template]]\n"
msgstr ""
" [-d μητρικός_κατάλογος] [-s φλοιός] [-c σχόλιο]\n"
" [-m [-k κανόνας]]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:703 src/useradd.c:708
#: src/useradd.c:730 src/useradd.c:735
msgid " [-f inactive] [-e expire]\n"
msgstr " [-f ανενεργό] [-e λήξη]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:706
#: src/useradd.c:733
msgid " useradd -D [-g group] [-b base] [-s shell]\n"
msgstr " useradd -D [-g ομάδα] [-b βάση] [-s φλοιός]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:793 src/usermod.c:461
#: src/useradd.c:820 src/usermod.c:461
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error locking group file\n"
msgstr "%s: Σφάλμα κατά το κλείδωμα του αρχείου ομάδων\n"
#: src/useradd.c:798 src/usermod.c:467
#: src/useradd.c:825 src/usermod.c:467
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error opening group file\n"
msgstr "%s: Σφάλμα κατά το άνοιγμα του αρχείου ομάδων\n"
#: src/useradd.c:805 src/usermod.c:578
#: src/useradd.c:832 src/usermod.c:578
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error locking shadow group file\n"
msgstr "%s: Σφάλμα κατά το κλείδωμα του αρχείου σκιωδών συνθηματικών ομάδων\n"
#: src/useradd.c:810 src/usermod.c:584
#: src/useradd.c:837 src/usermod.c:584
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error opening shadow group file\n"
msgstr "%s: Σφάλμα κατά το άνοιγμα του αρχείου σκιωδών συνθηματικών ομάδων\n"
#: src/useradd.c:982
#: src/useradd.c:1009
#, c-format
msgid "%s: uid %u is not unique\n"
msgstr "%s: Το uid %u δεν είναι μοναδικό\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1012
#: src/useradd.c:1039
#, c-format
msgid "%s: can't get unique uid\n"
msgstr "%s: αδυναμία ευρεσης μοναδικού uid\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1049
#: src/useradd.c:1076
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid base directory `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: Μη έγκυρος κατάλογος βάσης `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1059
#: src/useradd.c:1086
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid comment `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: Μη έγκυρο σχόλιο `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1070
#: src/useradd.c:1097
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid home directory `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: Μη έγκυρος μητρικός κατάλογος χρήστη `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1089 src/usermod.c:858
#: src/useradd.c:1116 src/usermod.c:858
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid date `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: Μη έγκυρη ημερομηνία `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1102
#: src/useradd.c:1129
#, c-format
msgid "%s: shadow passwords required for -e\n"
msgstr "%s: σκιώδη συνθηματικά απαιτούνται για το -e\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1118
#: src/useradd.c:1145
#, c-format
msgid "%s: shadow passwords required for -f\n"
msgstr "%s: σκιώδη συνθηματικά απαιτούνται για -f\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1185 src/usermod.c:834 src/usermod.c:844 src/usermod.c:891
#: src/useradd.c:1212 src/usermod.c:834 src/usermod.c:844 src/usermod.c:891
#: src/usermod.c:935
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid field `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: Μη έγκυρο πεδίο `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1196
#: src/useradd.c:1223
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid shell `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: Μη έγκυρος φλοιός `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1237
#: src/useradd.c:1264
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid user name '%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: Μη έγκυρο όνομα χρήστη `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1273 src/userdel.c:293 src/usermod.c:1003
#: src/useradd.c:1300 src/userdel.c:293 src/usermod.c:1003
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite password file\n"
msgstr "%s: αδυναμία επανεγγραφής του αρχείου συνθηματικών\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1280 src/userdel.c:298 src/usermod.c:1010
#: src/useradd.c:1307 src/userdel.c:298 src/usermod.c:1010
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: αδυναμία επανεγγραφής του αρχείου σκιωδών συνθηματικών\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1321 src/userdel.c:350 src/usermod.c:1044
#: src/useradd.c:1348 src/userdel.c:350 src/usermod.c:1044
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unable to lock password file\n"
msgstr "%s: Αδυναμία κλειδώματος του αρχείου συνθηματικών\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1326 src/userdel.c:355 src/usermod.c:1049
#: src/useradd.c:1353 src/userdel.c:355 src/usermod.c:1049
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unable to open password file\n"
msgstr "%s: Αδυναμία ανοίγματος του αρχείου συνθηματικών\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1334 src/userdel.c:362 src/usermod.c:1056
#: src/useradd.c:1361 src/userdel.c:362 src/usermod.c:1056
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot lock shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: αδυναμία κλειδώματος του αρχείου σκιωδών συνθηματικών\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1341 src/userdel.c:368 src/usermod.c:1062
#: src/useradd.c:1368 src/userdel.c:368 src/usermod.c:1062
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot open shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: αδυναμία ανοίγματος αρχείου σκιωδών συνθηματικών\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1435
#: src/useradd.c:1462
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new password entry\n"
msgstr ""
"%s: Σφάλμα κατά την προσθήκη νέας καταχώρησης στο αρχείο συνθηματικών\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1449
#: src/useradd.c:1476
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error updating password dbm entry\n"
msgstr ""
"%s: Σφάλμα κατά την ανανέωση καταχωρήσεων στο dbm αρχείο συνθηματικών\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1465 src/usermod.c:1151
#: src/useradd.c:1492 src/usermod.c:1151
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new shadow password entry\n"
msgstr ""
"%s: Σφάλμα κατά την προσθήκη νέας καταχώρησης στο αρχείο σκιωδών "
"συνθηματικών\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1481 src/usermod.c:1168
#: src/useradd.c:1508 src/usermod.c:1168
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error updating shadow passwd dbm entry\n"
msgstr ""
"%s: Σφάλμα κατά την ανανέωση καταχωρήσεων στο dbm αρχείο σκιωδών "
"συνθηματικών\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1513
#: src/useradd.c:1540
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create directory %s\n"
msgstr "%s: αδυναμία δημιουργίας καταλόγου %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1634 src/usermod.c:981
#: src/useradd.c:1570
msgid "No group named \"mail\" exists, creating mail spool with mode 0600.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1593
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "Can't create mail spool for user %s.\n"
msgstr "%s: αδυναμία ανανέωσης καταχώρησης για τον χρήστη %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1713 src/usermod.c:981
#, c-format
msgid "%s: user %s exists\n"
msgstr "%s: Ο χρήστης %s υπάρχει\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1649
#: src/useradd.c:1728
#, c-format
msgid ""
"%s: group %s exists - if you want to add this user to that group, use -g.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1687
#: src/useradd.c:1766
#, c-format
msgid "%s: warning: CREATE_HOME not supported, please use -m instead.\n"
msgstr ""
@@ -2191,10 +2205,6 @@ msgstr ""
"`vipw' σύντασει το /etc/passwd `vipw -s' συντάσσει το /etc/shadow\n"
"`vigr' σύντασει το /etc/group `vigr -s' συντάσσει το /etc/gshadow\n"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Can't create mail spool for user %s.\n"
#~ msgstr "%s: αδυναμία ανανέωσης καταχώρησης για τον χρήστη %s\n"
#~ msgid "User %s has a TCFS key, his old password is required.\n"
#~ msgstr "Ο χρήστης %s έχει κλειδί TCFS, απαιτείται το παλιό συνθηματικό.\n"

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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: shadow 19990709\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2004-01-14 07:41+0100\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2004-01-14 15:16+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 1999-07-09 20:02+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Vincent Renardias <vincent@ldsol.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Vincent Renardias <vincent@ldsol.com>\n"
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ msgid "%s: permission denied\n"
msgstr "%s: permission refusée\n"
#: src/chage.c:489 src/chpasswd.c:136 src/groupadd.c:530 src/groupdel.c:325
#: src/groupmod.c:521 src/newusers.c:362 src/useradd.c:1582 src/userdel.c:657
#: src/groupmod.c:521 src/newusers.c:362 src/useradd.c:1661 src/userdel.c:657
#: src/usermod.c:1413
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: PAM authentication failed\n"
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ msgid "%s: can't rewrite password file\n"
msgstr "%s: impossible de re-écrire le fichier password\n"
#: src/chage.c:727 src/chpasswd.c:336 src/groupadd.c:592 src/groupdel.c:413
#: src/groupmod.c:606 src/newusers.c:609 src/useradd.c:1705 src/userdel.c:814
#: src/groupmod.c:606 src/newusers.c:609 src/useradd.c:1786 src/userdel.c:814
#: src/usermod.c:1494
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: PAM chauthtok failed\n"
@@ -776,18 +776,18 @@ msgid "Usage: groupadd [-g gid [-o]] [-f] group\n"
msgstr "Usage: groupadd [-g gid [-o]] [-f] groupe\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:168 src/groupadd.c:193 src/groupmod.c:180 src/groupmod.c:229
#: src/useradd.c:913 src/usermod.c:533 src/usermod.c:676
#: src/useradd.c:940 src/usermod.c:533 src/usermod.c:676
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new group entry\n"
msgstr "%s: erreur durant l'addition du nouveau groupe\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:179 src/groupadd.c:204 src/groupmod.c:198 src/useradd.c:924
#: src/groupadd.c:179 src/groupadd.c:204 src/groupmod.c:198 src/useradd.c:951
#: src/usermod.c:545 src/usermod.c:689
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot add new dbm group entry\n"
msgstr "%s: impossible d'ajouter une nouvelle entrée pour le groupe dbm\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:256 src/useradd.c:977
#: src/groupadd.c:256 src/useradd.c:1004
#, c-format
msgid "%s: name %s is not unique\n"
msgstr "%s: le nom %s n'est pas unique\n"
@@ -812,18 +812,18 @@ msgstr "%s: %s n'est pas un nom de groupe valide\n"
msgid "%s: invalid group %s\n"
msgstr "%s: groupe %s non valide\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:364 src/useradd.c:1173
#: src/groupadd.c:364 src/useradd.c:1200
#, c-format
msgid "%s: -O requires NAME=VALUE\n"
msgstr "%s: -O requiert NAME=VALEUR\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:408 src/groupdel.c:171 src/groupmod.c:402 src/useradd.c:1288
#: src/groupadd.c:408 src/groupdel.c:171 src/groupmod.c:402 src/useradd.c:1315
#: src/userdel.c:302 src/usermod.c:557
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite group file\n"
msgstr "%s: impossible de re-écrire le fichier group\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:416 src/groupdel.c:179 src/groupmod.c:410 src/useradd.c:1297
#: src/groupadd.c:416 src/groupdel.c:179 src/groupmod.c:410 src/useradd.c:1324
#: src/userdel.c:309 src/usermod.c:703
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite shadow group file\n"
@@ -1672,247 +1672,261 @@ msgstr ""
msgid "Entering System Maintenance Mode\n"
msgstr "Entrée du système en mode maintenance\n"
#: src/useradd.c:234
#: src/useradd.c:239
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rebuild the group database\n"
msgstr "%s: reconstruction de la base de données des groupes\n"
#: src/useradd.c:243
#: src/useradd.c:248
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rebuild the shadow group database\n"
msgstr "%s: reconstruction de la base de données des groupes shadow\n"
#: src/useradd.c:278 src/useradd.c:292 src/usermod.c:741 src/usermod.c:755
#: src/useradd.c:283 src/useradd.c:297 src/usermod.c:741 src/usermod.c:755
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid numeric argument `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: argument numérique `%s' non valide\n"
#: src/useradd.c:349
#: src/useradd.c:354
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unknown gid %s\n"
msgstr "%s: gid %s inconnu\n"
#: src/useradd.c:357 src/useradd.c:636 src/useradd.c:1129 src/usermod.c:244
#: src/useradd.c:362 src/useradd.c:663 src/useradd.c:1156 src/usermod.c:244
#: src/usermod.c:876
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unknown group %s\n"
msgstr "%s: groupe %s inconnu\n"
#: src/useradd.c:419
#: src/useradd.c:434
#, c-format
msgid "GROUP=%u\n"
msgstr "GROUP=%u\n"
#: src/useradd.c:420
#: src/useradd.c:435
#, c-format
msgid "HOME=%s\n"
msgstr "HOME=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:422
#: src/useradd.c:437
#, c-format
msgid "INACTIVE=%ld\n"
msgstr "INACTIVE=%ld\n"
#: src/useradd.c:423
#: src/useradd.c:438
#, c-format
msgid "EXPIRE=%s\n"
msgstr "EXPIRE=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:425
#: src/useradd.c:440
#, c-format
msgid "SHELL=%s\n"
msgstr "SHELL=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:426
#: src/useradd.c:441
#, c-format
msgid "SKEL=%s\n"
msgstr "SKEL=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:462
#: src/useradd.c:442
#, c-format
msgid "CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=%s\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:479
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create new defaults file\n"
msgstr "%s: impossible de créer un nouveau fichier de défauts\n"
#: src/useradd.c:467
#: src/useradd.c:484
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot open new defaults file\n"
msgstr "%s: impossible de créer un nouveau fichier de défauts\n"
#: src/useradd.c:552 src/useradd.c:564
#: src/useradd.c:578 src/useradd.c:590
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rename: %s"
msgstr "%s: rename: %s"
#: src/useradd.c:657 src/usermod.c:265
#: src/useradd.c:684 src/usermod.c:265
#, c-format
msgid "%s: group `%s' is a NIS group.\n"
msgstr "%s: le groupe `%s' est un groupe NIS.\n"
#: src/useradd.c:666 src/usermod.c:274
#: src/useradd.c:693 src/usermod.c:274
#, c-format
msgid "%s: too many groups specified (max %d).\n"
msgstr "%s: trop de groupes spécifiés (max %d).\n"
#: src/useradd.c:698
#: src/useradd.c:725
msgid "Usage: useradd [-u uid [-o]] [-g group] [-G group,...] \n"
msgstr "Usage: useradd [-u uid [-o]] [-g groupe] [-G groupe,...] \n"
#: src/useradd.c:701
#: src/useradd.c:728
msgid " [-d home] [-s shell] [-c comment] [-m [-k template]]\n"
msgstr ""
" [-d home] [-s shell] [-c commentaire] [-m [-k template]]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:703 src/useradd.c:708
#: src/useradd.c:730 src/useradd.c:735
msgid " [-f inactive] [-e expire]\n"
msgstr " [-f inactif] [-e expire]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:706
#: src/useradd.c:733
msgid " useradd -D [-g group] [-b base] [-s shell]\n"
msgstr " useradd -D [-g groupe] [-b base] [-s shell]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:793 src/usermod.c:461
#: src/useradd.c:820 src/usermod.c:461
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error locking group file\n"
msgstr "%s: erreur lors du vérouillage du fichier de groupe\n"
#: src/useradd.c:798 src/usermod.c:467
#: src/useradd.c:825 src/usermod.c:467
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error opening group file\n"
msgstr "%s: erreur lors d'ouverture du fichier de groupe\n"
#: src/useradd.c:805 src/usermod.c:578
#: src/useradd.c:832 src/usermod.c:578
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error locking shadow group file\n"
msgstr "%s: erreur lors du vérouillage du fichier shadow group\n"
#: src/useradd.c:810 src/usermod.c:584
#: src/useradd.c:837 src/usermod.c:584
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error opening shadow group file\n"
msgstr "%s: erreur lors de l'ouverture du fichier shadow group\n"
#: src/useradd.c:982
#: src/useradd.c:1009
#, c-format
msgid "%s: uid %u is not unique\n"
msgstr "%s: l'uid %u n'est pas unique\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1012
#: src/useradd.c:1039
#, c-format
msgid "%s: can't get unique uid\n"
msgstr "%s: impossible d'obtenir un uid unique\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1049
#: src/useradd.c:1076
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid base directory `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: répertoire de base non valide `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1059
#: src/useradd.c:1086
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid comment `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: commentaire `%s' non valide\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1070
#: src/useradd.c:1097
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid home directory `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: répertoire personnel `%s' non valide\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1089 src/usermod.c:858
#: src/useradd.c:1116 src/usermod.c:858
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid date `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: date `%s' non valide\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1102
#: src/useradd.c:1129
#, c-format
msgid "%s: shadow passwords required for -e\n"
msgstr "%s: mots de passe shadow nécessaires pour -e\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1118
#: src/useradd.c:1145
#, c-format
msgid "%s: shadow passwords required for -f\n"
msgstr "%s: mots de passe shadow nécessaires pour -f\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1185 src/usermod.c:834 src/usermod.c:844 src/usermod.c:891
#: src/useradd.c:1212 src/usermod.c:834 src/usermod.c:844 src/usermod.c:891
#: src/usermod.c:935
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid field `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: champs `%s' non valide\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1196
#: src/useradd.c:1223
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid shell `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: shell `%s' non valide\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1237
#: src/useradd.c:1264
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid user name '%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: nom d'utilisateur `%s' non valide\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1273 src/userdel.c:293 src/usermod.c:1003
#: src/useradd.c:1300 src/userdel.c:293 src/usermod.c:1003
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite password file\n"
msgstr "%s: impossible de reécrire le fichier de mots de passe\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1280 src/userdel.c:298 src/usermod.c:1010
#: src/useradd.c:1307 src/userdel.c:298 src/usermod.c:1010
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: impossible de reécrire le fichier shadow\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1321 src/userdel.c:350 src/usermod.c:1044
#: src/useradd.c:1348 src/userdel.c:350 src/usermod.c:1044
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unable to lock password file\n"
msgstr "%s: impossible de vérouiller le fichier de mots de passe\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1326 src/userdel.c:355 src/usermod.c:1049
#: src/useradd.c:1353 src/userdel.c:355 src/usermod.c:1049
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unable to open password file\n"
msgstr "%s: impossible d'ouvrir le fichier de mots de passe\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1334 src/userdel.c:362 src/usermod.c:1056
#: src/useradd.c:1361 src/userdel.c:362 src/usermod.c:1056
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot lock shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: impossible de vérouiller le fichier de mots de passe\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1341 src/userdel.c:368 src/usermod.c:1062
#: src/useradd.c:1368 src/userdel.c:368 src/usermod.c:1062
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot open shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: impossible d'ouvrir le fichier shadow\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1435
#: src/useradd.c:1462
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new password entry\n"
msgstr "%s: erreur lors de l'ajout de la nouvelle entrée\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1449
#: src/useradd.c:1476
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error updating password dbm entry\n"
msgstr "%s: erreur lors de la mise à jour de l'entrée dbm\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1465 src/usermod.c:1151
#: src/useradd.c:1492 src/usermod.c:1151
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new shadow password entry\n"
msgstr "%s: erreur lors de l'ajout de la nouvelle entrée shadow\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1481 src/usermod.c:1168
#: src/useradd.c:1508 src/usermod.c:1168
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error updating shadow passwd dbm entry\n"
msgstr "%s: erreur lors de la mise à jour de l'entrée shadow passwd dbm\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1513
#: src/useradd.c:1540
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create directory %s\n"
msgstr "%s: impossible de créer le répertoire %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1634 src/usermod.c:981
#: src/useradd.c:1570
msgid "No group named \"mail\" exists, creating mail spool with mode 0600.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1593
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "Can't create mail spool for user %s.\n"
msgstr "%s: impossible de mettre à jour l'entrée %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1713 src/usermod.c:981
#, c-format
msgid "%s: user %s exists\n"
msgstr "%s: l'utilisateur %s existe\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1649
#: src/useradd.c:1728
#, c-format
msgid ""
"%s: group %s exists - if you want to add this user to that group, use -g.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1687
#: src/useradd.c:1766
#, c-format
msgid "%s: warning: CREATE_HOME not supported, please use -m instead.\n"
msgstr "%s: avertissement: CREATE_HOME non supporté, utilisez -m à la place.\n"
@@ -2147,10 +2161,6 @@ msgstr ""
"`vipw' édite /etc/passwd `vipw -s' édite /etc/shadow\n"
"`vigr' édite /etc/group `vigr -s' édite /etc/gshadow\n"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Can't create mail spool for user %s.\n"
#~ msgstr "%s: impossible de mettre à jour l'entrée %s\n"
#~ msgid "User %s has a TCFS key, his old password is required.\n"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "L'utilisateur %s a une clé TCFS, son ancien mot de passe est nécessaire.\n"

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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: shadow 1990827\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2004-01-14 07:41+0100\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2004-01-14 15:16+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2000-06-18 120:22+0900\n"
"Last-Translator: Yasuyuki Furukawa <furukawa@vinelinux.org>\n"
"Language-Team: Japanese\n"
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ msgid "%s: permission denied\n"
msgstr "%s: 権限がありません\n"
#: src/chage.c:489 src/chpasswd.c:136 src/groupadd.c:530 src/groupdel.c:325
#: src/groupmod.c:521 src/newusers.c:362 src/useradd.c:1582 src/userdel.c:657
#: src/groupmod.c:521 src/newusers.c:362 src/useradd.c:1661 src/userdel.c:657
#: src/usermod.c:1413
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: PAM authentication failed\n"
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ msgid "%s: can't rewrite password file\n"
msgstr "%s: パスワード・ファイルを上書きできません\n"
#: src/chage.c:727 src/chpasswd.c:336 src/groupadd.c:592 src/groupdel.c:413
#: src/groupmod.c:606 src/newusers.c:609 src/useradd.c:1705 src/userdel.c:814
#: src/groupmod.c:606 src/newusers.c:609 src/useradd.c:1786 src/userdel.c:814
#: src/usermod.c:1494
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: PAM chauthtok failed\n"
@@ -777,18 +777,18 @@ msgid "Usage: groupadd [-g gid [-o]] [-f] group\n"
msgstr "使用法: groupadd [-g グループID [-o]] グループ\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:168 src/groupadd.c:193 src/groupmod.c:180 src/groupmod.c:229
#: src/useradd.c:913 src/usermod.c:533 src/usermod.c:676
#: src/useradd.c:940 src/usermod.c:533 src/usermod.c:676
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new group entry\n"
msgstr "%s: 新規グループエントリへ追加のエラーです\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:179 src/groupadd.c:204 src/groupmod.c:198 src/useradd.c:924
#: src/groupadd.c:179 src/groupadd.c:204 src/groupmod.c:198 src/useradd.c:951
#: src/usermod.c:545 src/usermod.c:689
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot add new dbm group entry\n"
msgstr "%s: 新規DBMグループ・エントリへ追加できません\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:256 src/useradd.c:977
#: src/groupadd.c:256 src/useradd.c:1004
#, c-format
msgid "%s: name %s is not unique\n"
msgstr "%s: 名前 %s は重複しています\n"
@@ -813,18 +813,18 @@ msgstr "%s: %s は名前が重複しています\n"
msgid "%s: invalid group %s\n"
msgstr "%s: グループ %s は不適切です\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:364 src/useradd.c:1173
#: src/groupadd.c:364 src/useradd.c:1200
#, c-format
msgid "%s: -O requires NAME=VALUE\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/groupadd.c:408 src/groupdel.c:171 src/groupmod.c:402 src/useradd.c:1288
#: src/groupadd.c:408 src/groupdel.c:171 src/groupmod.c:402 src/useradd.c:1315
#: src/userdel.c:302 src/usermod.c:557
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite group file\n"
msgstr "%s: グループ・ファイルを開けません\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:416 src/groupdel.c:179 src/groupmod.c:410 src/useradd.c:1297
#: src/groupadd.c:416 src/groupdel.c:179 src/groupmod.c:410 src/useradd.c:1324
#: src/userdel.c:309 src/usermod.c:703
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite shadow group file\n"
@@ -1667,242 +1667,256 @@ msgstr ""
msgid "Entering System Maintenance Mode\n"
msgstr "システムメンテナンスモードへ入ります\n"
#: src/useradd.c:234
#: src/useradd.c:239
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: rebuild the group database\n"
msgstr "%s: グループ %s は不適切です\n"
#: src/useradd.c:243
#: src/useradd.c:248
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: rebuild the shadow group database\n"
msgstr "%s: シャドウ・グループ・ファイルが開けません\n"
#: src/useradd.c:278 src/useradd.c:292 src/usermod.c:741 src/usermod.c:755
#: src/useradd.c:283 src/useradd.c:297 src/usermod.c:741 src/usermod.c:755
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid numeric argument `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: コメント `%s' は不正です\n"
#: src/useradd.c:349
#: src/useradd.c:354
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unknown gid %s\n"
msgstr "%s: 不明なグループID %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:357 src/useradd.c:636 src/useradd.c:1129 src/usermod.c:244
#: src/useradd.c:362 src/useradd.c:663 src/useradd.c:1156 src/usermod.c:244
#: src/usermod.c:876
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unknown group %s\n"
msgstr "%s: 不明なグループ %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:419
#: src/useradd.c:434
#, c-format
msgid "GROUP=%u\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:420
#: src/useradd.c:435
#, c-format
msgid "HOME=%s\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:422
#: src/useradd.c:437
#, c-format
msgid "INACTIVE=%ld\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:423
#: src/useradd.c:438
#, c-format
msgid "EXPIRE=%s\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:425
#: src/useradd.c:440
#, c-format
msgid "SHELL=%s\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:426
#: src/useradd.c:441
#, c-format
msgid "SKEL=%s\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:462
#: src/useradd.c:442
#, c-format
msgid "CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=%s\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:479
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create new defaults file\n"
msgstr "%s: グループ・ファイルを開けません\n"
#: src/useradd.c:467
#: src/useradd.c:484
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot open new defaults file\n"
msgstr "%s: グループ・ファイルを開けません\n"
#: src/useradd.c:552 src/useradd.c:564
#: src/useradd.c:578 src/useradd.c:590
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: rename: %s"
msgstr "%s: %sを作成できません"
#: src/useradd.c:657 src/usermod.c:265
#: src/useradd.c:684 src/usermod.c:265
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: group `%s' is a NIS group.\n"
msgstr "%s: %sグループは NIS のグループです\n"
#: src/useradd.c:666 src/usermod.c:274
#: src/useradd.c:693 src/usermod.c:274
#, c-format
msgid "%s: too many groups specified (max %d).\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:698
#: src/useradd.c:725
msgid "Usage: useradd [-u uid [-o]] [-g group] [-G group,...] \n"
msgstr "使用法: useradd [-u ユーザID [-o]] [-g グループ] [-G グループ,...] \n"
#: src/useradd.c:701
#: src/useradd.c:728
msgid " [-d home] [-s shell] [-c comment] [-m [-k template]]\n"
msgstr ""
" [-d ホーム] [-s シェル] [-c コメント]\n"
" [-m [-k テンプレート]]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:703 src/useradd.c:708
#: src/useradd.c:730 src/useradd.c:735
msgid " [-f inactive] [-e expire]\n"
msgstr " [-f 無効日数] [-e 期限切れ日]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:706
#: src/useradd.c:733
msgid " useradd -D [-g group] [-b base] [-s shell]\n"
msgstr " useradd -D [-g グループ] [-b ベース] [-s シェル]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:793 src/usermod.c:461
#: src/useradd.c:820 src/usermod.c:461
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: error locking group file\n"
msgstr "%s: グループ・ファイルをロックできません\n"
#: src/useradd.c:798 src/usermod.c:467
#: src/useradd.c:825 src/usermod.c:467
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: error opening group file\n"
msgstr "%s: グループ・ファイルを開けません\n"
#: src/useradd.c:805 src/usermod.c:578
#: src/useradd.c:832 src/usermod.c:578
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: error locking shadow group file\n"
msgstr "%s: シャドウ・グループ・ファイルをロックできません\n"
#: src/useradd.c:810 src/usermod.c:584
#: src/useradd.c:837 src/usermod.c:584
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: error opening shadow group file\n"
msgstr "%s: シャドウ・グループ・ファイルが開けません\n"
#: src/useradd.c:982
#: src/useradd.c:1009
#, c-format
msgid "%s: uid %u is not unique\n"
msgstr "%s: ユーザID %u が重複しています\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1012
#: src/useradd.c:1039
#, c-format
msgid "%s: can't get unique uid\n"
msgstr "%s: 一意のユーザIDを取得できません\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1049
#: src/useradd.c:1076
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid base directory `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: ベースディレクトリ `%s' は不正です\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1059
#: src/useradd.c:1086
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid comment `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: コメント `%s' は不正です\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1070
#: src/useradd.c:1097
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid home directory `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: ホームディレクトリ `%s' は不正です\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1089 src/usermod.c:858
#: src/useradd.c:1116 src/usermod.c:858
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid date `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: 日付 `%s' は不正です\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1102
#: src/useradd.c:1129
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: shadow passwords required for -e\n"
msgstr "%s: シャドウ・パスワードには -e および -e が必要です\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1118
#: src/useradd.c:1145
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: shadow passwords required for -f\n"
msgstr "%s: シャドウ・パスワードには -e および -e が必要です\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1185 src/usermod.c:834 src/usermod.c:844 src/usermod.c:891
#: src/useradd.c:1212 src/usermod.c:834 src/usermod.c:844 src/usermod.c:891
#: src/usermod.c:935
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid field `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: シェル `%s' は不正です\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1196
#: src/useradd.c:1223
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid shell `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: シェル `%s' は不正です\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1237
#: src/useradd.c:1264
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid user name '%s'\n"
msgstr "不正なユーザ名'%s' です\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1273 src/userdel.c:293 src/usermod.c:1003
#: src/useradd.c:1300 src/userdel.c:293 src/usermod.c:1003
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite password file\n"
msgstr "%s: パスワード・ファイルを上書きできません\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1280 src/userdel.c:298 src/usermod.c:1010
#: src/useradd.c:1307 src/userdel.c:298 src/usermod.c:1010
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: シャドウ・パスワード・ファイルを削除できません\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1321 src/userdel.c:350 src/usermod.c:1044
#: src/useradd.c:1348 src/userdel.c:350 src/usermod.c:1044
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: unable to lock password file\n"
msgstr "%s: パスワードファイルをロックできません\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1326 src/userdel.c:355 src/usermod.c:1049
#: src/useradd.c:1353 src/userdel.c:355 src/usermod.c:1049
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: unable to open password file\n"
msgstr "%s: パスワードファイルが開けません\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1334 src/userdel.c:362 src/usermod.c:1056
#: src/useradd.c:1361 src/userdel.c:362 src/usermod.c:1056
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot lock shadow password file\n"
msgstr "シャドウ・パスワード・ファイルをロックできません\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1341 src/userdel.c:368 src/usermod.c:1062
#: src/useradd.c:1368 src/userdel.c:368 src/usermod.c:1062
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot open shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: シャドウ・パスワード・ファイルを開けません\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1435
#: src/useradd.c:1462
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new password entry\n"
msgstr "%s: パスワードDBMエントリ追加のエラーです\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1449
#: src/useradd.c:1476
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: error updating password dbm entry\n"
msgstr "%s: パスワードDBMエントリ削除のエラーです\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1465 src/usermod.c:1151
#: src/useradd.c:1492 src/usermod.c:1151
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new shadow password entry\n"
msgstr "%s: シャドウ・パスワード・エントリ削除のエラーです\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1481 src/usermod.c:1168
#: src/useradd.c:1508 src/usermod.c:1168
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: error updating shadow passwd dbm entry\n"
msgstr "%s: シャドウパスワード DBMエントリ の削除のエラー\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1513
#: src/useradd.c:1540
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create directory %s\n"
msgstr "%s: ディレクトリ%sを %sへ名前変更できません\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1634 src/usermod.c:981
#: src/useradd.c:1570
msgid "No group named \"mail\" exists, creating mail spool with mode 0600.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1593
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "Can't create mail spool for user %s.\n"
msgstr "%s: ユーザ %s のエントリを更新できません\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1713 src/usermod.c:981
#, c-format
msgid "%s: user %s exists\n"
msgstr "%s: ユーザ %s は存在します\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1649
#: src/useradd.c:1728
#, c-format
msgid ""
"%s: group %s exists - if you want to add this user to that group, use -g.\n"
@@ -1910,7 +1924,7 @@ msgstr ""
"%s: グループ %s は存在します もしこのユーザをそのグループへ追加するには, -"
"g を利用してください.\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1687
#: src/useradd.c:1766
#, c-format
msgid "%s: warning: CREATE_HOME not supported, please use -m instead.\n"
msgstr ""
@@ -2143,10 +2157,6 @@ msgstr ""
"`vipw' /etc/passwd を編集 `vipw -s' /etc/shadowを編集\n"
"`vigr' /etc/groupを編集 `vigr -s' /etc/gshadowを編集\n"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Can't create mail spool for user %s.\n"
#~ msgstr "%s: ユーザ %s のエントリを更新できません\n"
#~ msgid "User %s has a TCFS key, his old password is required.\n"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "ユーザ %s は TCFSキーをもっています, そのユーザの旧パスワードが必要です.\n"

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po/ko.gmo

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po/ko.po
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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: shadow\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2004-01-14 07:41+0100\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2004-01-14 15:16+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2001-02-03 15:09+0900\n"
"Last-Translator: Hwang, Sang-Jin <violiet@suse.de>\n"
"Language-Team: Korean <ko@li.org>\n"
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ msgid "%s: permission denied\n"
msgstr "%s: 접근권한 없음\n"
#: src/chage.c:489 src/chpasswd.c:136 src/groupadd.c:530 src/groupdel.c:325
#: src/groupmod.c:521 src/newusers.c:362 src/useradd.c:1582 src/userdel.c:657
#: src/groupmod.c:521 src/newusers.c:362 src/useradd.c:1661 src/userdel.c:657
#: src/usermod.c:1413
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: PAM authentication failed\n"
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ msgid "%s: can't rewrite password file\n"
msgstr "%s 패스워드 파일을 다시 작성할 수 없습니다\n"
#: src/chage.c:727 src/chpasswd.c:336 src/groupadd.c:592 src/groupdel.c:413
#: src/groupmod.c:606 src/newusers.c:609 src/useradd.c:1705 src/userdel.c:814
#: src/groupmod.c:606 src/newusers.c:609 src/useradd.c:1786 src/userdel.c:814
#: src/usermod.c:1494
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: PAM chauthtok failed\n"
@@ -771,18 +771,18 @@ msgid "Usage: groupadd [-g gid [-o]] [-f] group\n"
msgstr "사용법: groupadd [-g gid(그룹 아이디) [-o]] 그룹명\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:168 src/groupadd.c:193 src/groupmod.c:180 src/groupmod.c:229
#: src/useradd.c:913 src/usermod.c:533 src/usermod.c:676
#: src/useradd.c:940 src/usermod.c:533 src/usermod.c:676
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new group entry\n"
msgstr "%s: 새로운 그룹을 추가하는데 오류\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:179 src/groupadd.c:204 src/groupmod.c:198 src/useradd.c:924
#: src/groupadd.c:179 src/groupadd.c:204 src/groupmod.c:198 src/useradd.c:951
#: src/usermod.c:545 src/usermod.c:689
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot add new dbm group entry\n"
msgstr "%s: 새로운 dbm 그룹 입력값을 추가하는데 오류\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:256 src/useradd.c:977
#: src/groupadd.c:256 src/useradd.c:1004
#, c-format
msgid "%s: name %s is not unique\n"
msgstr "%s: %s 란 이름은 적절하지 않습니다\n"
@@ -807,18 +807,18 @@ msgstr "%s: %s 는 유효한 그룹명이 아닙니다\n"
msgid "%s: invalid group %s\n"
msgstr "%s: 유효하지 않은 그룹 %s\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:364 src/useradd.c:1173
#: src/groupadd.c:364 src/useradd.c:1200
#, c-format
msgid "%s: -O requires NAME=VALUE\n"
msgstr "%s: NAME=VALUE 를 위해서는 -O 옵션이 필요합니다\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:408 src/groupdel.c:171 src/groupmod.c:402 src/useradd.c:1288
#: src/groupadd.c:408 src/groupdel.c:171 src/groupmod.c:402 src/useradd.c:1315
#: src/userdel.c:302 src/usermod.c:557
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite group file\n"
msgstr "%s: 그룹파일을 다시 쓸 수 없습니다\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:416 src/groupdel.c:179 src/groupmod.c:410 src/useradd.c:1297
#: src/groupadd.c:416 src/groupdel.c:179 src/groupmod.c:410 src/useradd.c:1324
#: src/userdel.c:309 src/usermod.c:703
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite shadow group file\n"
@@ -1672,248 +1672,262 @@ msgstr ""
msgid "Entering System Maintenance Mode\n"
msgstr "시스템 정비 모드로 들어가고 있습니다\n"
#: src/useradd.c:234
#: src/useradd.c:239
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rebuild the group database\n"
msgstr "%s: 그룹 데이터베이스를 다시 만듭니다\n"
#: src/useradd.c:243
#: src/useradd.c:248
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rebuild the shadow group database\n"
msgstr "%s: 쉐도우 그룹 데이터베이스를 다시 만듭니다\n"
#: src/useradd.c:278 src/useradd.c:292 src/usermod.c:741 src/usermod.c:755
#: src/useradd.c:283 src/useradd.c:297 src/usermod.c:741 src/usermod.c:755
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid numeric argument `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: 유효하지 않은 숫자 입력값 `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:349
#: src/useradd.c:354
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unknown gid %s\n"
msgstr "%s: 알수없는 gid(그룹 아이디) %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:357 src/useradd.c:636 src/useradd.c:1129 src/usermod.c:244
#: src/useradd.c:362 src/useradd.c:663 src/useradd.c:1156 src/usermod.c:244
#: src/usermod.c:876
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unknown group %s\n"
msgstr "%s: 알수없는 그룹 %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:419
#: src/useradd.c:434
#, c-format
msgid "GROUP=%u\n"
msgstr "그룹=%u\n"
#: src/useradd.c:420
#: src/useradd.c:435
#, c-format
msgid "HOME=%s\n"
msgstr "홈디렉토리=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:422
#: src/useradd.c:437
#, c-format
msgid "INACTIVE=%ld\n"
msgstr "비활성화=%ld\n"
#: src/useradd.c:423
#: src/useradd.c:438
#, c-format
msgid "EXPIRE=%s\n"
msgstr "만기=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:425
#: src/useradd.c:440
#, c-format
msgid "SHELL=%s\n"
msgstr "쉘=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:426
#: src/useradd.c:441
#, c-format
msgid "SKEL=%s\n"
msgstr "SKEL=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:462
#: src/useradd.c:442
#, c-format
msgid "CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=%s\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:479
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create new defaults file\n"
msgstr "%s: 새로운 디폴트 파일을 만들수 없습니다\n"
#: src/useradd.c:467
#: src/useradd.c:484
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot open new defaults file\n"
msgstr "%s: 새로운 디폴트 파일을 만들수 없습니다\n"
#: src/useradd.c:552 src/useradd.c:564
#: src/useradd.c:578 src/useradd.c:590
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rename: %s"
msgstr "%s: 이름 재 설정: %s"
#: src/useradd.c:657 src/usermod.c:265
#: src/useradd.c:684 src/usermod.c:265
#, c-format
msgid "%s: group `%s' is a NIS group.\n"
msgstr "%s: 그룹 `%s' 는 NIS 그룹입니다.\n"
#: src/useradd.c:666 src/usermod.c:274
#: src/useradd.c:693 src/usermod.c:274
#, c-format
msgid "%s: too many groups specified (max %d).\n"
msgstr "%s: 너무나 많은 그룹이 명시되었습니다 (최대 %d).\n"
#: src/useradd.c:698
#: src/useradd.c:725
msgid "Usage: useradd [-u uid [-o]] [-g group] [-G group,...] \n"
msgstr ""
"사용법: useradd [-u uid(사용자 아이디) [-o]] [-g 그룹명][-G 그룹,...]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:701
#: src/useradd.c:728
msgid " [-d home] [-s shell] [-c comment] [-m [-k template]]\n"
msgstr ""
" [-d 홈디렉토리][-s 쉘][-c 적요사항][-m [-k template]]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:703 src/useradd.c:708
#: src/useradd.c:730 src/useradd.c:735
msgid " [-f inactive] [-e expire]\n"
msgstr " [-f 비활성화] [-e 만기]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:706
#: src/useradd.c:733
msgid " useradd -D [-g group] [-b base] [-s shell]\n"
msgstr " useradd -D [-g 그룹명][-b 초기디렉토리][-s 쉘]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:793 src/usermod.c:461
#: src/useradd.c:820 src/usermod.c:461
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error locking group file\n"
msgstr "%s: 그룹 파일 잠금을 하는데 오류\n"
#: src/useradd.c:798 src/usermod.c:467
#: src/useradd.c:825 src/usermod.c:467
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error opening group file\n"
msgstr "%s: 그룹 파일을 여는데 오류\n"
#: src/useradd.c:805 src/usermod.c:578
#: src/useradd.c:832 src/usermod.c:578
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error locking shadow group file\n"
msgstr "%s: 쉐도우 그룹을 잠그는데 오류\n"
#: src/useradd.c:810 src/usermod.c:584
#: src/useradd.c:837 src/usermod.c:584
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error opening shadow group file\n"
msgstr "%s: 그룹 파일을 여는데 오류\n"
#: src/useradd.c:982
#: src/useradd.c:1009
#, c-format
msgid "%s: uid %u is not unique\n"
msgstr "%s: uid(사용자 아이디) %u 는 적절하지 않습니다\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1012
#: src/useradd.c:1039
#, c-format
msgid "%s: can't get unique uid\n"
msgstr "%s: 적절한 uid(사용자 아이디)를 얻을 수 없습니다\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1049
#: src/useradd.c:1076
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid base directory `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: 기본 디렉토리 `%s' 는 유효하지 않습니다\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1059
#: src/useradd.c:1086
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid comment `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: 적요사항 `%s' 은 유효하지 않습니다\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1070
#: src/useradd.c:1097
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid home directory `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: 홈 디렉토리 `%s' 는 유효하지 않습니다\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1089 src/usermod.c:858
#: src/useradd.c:1116 src/usermod.c:858
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid date `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: 날짜 `%s' 는 유효하지 않습니다\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1102
#: src/useradd.c:1129
#, c-format
msgid "%s: shadow passwords required for -e\n"
msgstr "%s: 쉐도우 패스워드가 -e 옵션을 요구합니다\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1118
#: src/useradd.c:1145
#, c-format
msgid "%s: shadow passwords required for -f\n"
msgstr "%s: 쉐도우 패스워드가 -f 옵션을 요구합니다\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1185 src/usermod.c:834 src/usermod.c:844 src/usermod.c:891
#: src/useradd.c:1212 src/usermod.c:834 src/usermod.c:844 src/usermod.c:891
#: src/usermod.c:935
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid field `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: `%s' 부분은 유효하지 않습니다\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1196
#: src/useradd.c:1223
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid shell `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: 유효하지 않은 쉘 `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1237
#: src/useradd.c:1264
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid user name '%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: 유효하지 않은 사용자명 `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1273 src/userdel.c:293 src/usermod.c:1003
#: src/useradd.c:1300 src/userdel.c:293 src/usermod.c:1003
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite password file\n"
msgstr "%s: 패스워드 파일을 다시 쓸수가 없습니다\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1280 src/userdel.c:298 src/usermod.c:1010
#: src/useradd.c:1307 src/userdel.c:298 src/usermod.c:1010
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: 쉐도우 패스워드 파일을 다시 쓸수가 없습니다\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1321 src/userdel.c:350 src/usermod.c:1044
#: src/useradd.c:1348 src/userdel.c:350 src/usermod.c:1044
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unable to lock password file\n"
msgstr "%s: 패스워드 파일 잠금을 할 수 없습니다\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1326 src/userdel.c:355 src/usermod.c:1049
#: src/useradd.c:1353 src/userdel.c:355 src/usermod.c:1049
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unable to open password file\n"
msgstr "%s: 패스워드 파일을 열 수 없습니다\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1334 src/userdel.c:362 src/usermod.c:1056
#: src/useradd.c:1361 src/userdel.c:362 src/usermod.c:1056
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot lock shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: 쉐도우 패스워드 파일을 잠글 수 없습니다\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1341 src/userdel.c:368 src/usermod.c:1062
#: src/useradd.c:1368 src/userdel.c:368 src/usermod.c:1062
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot open shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: 쉐도우 패스워드 파일을 열 수 없습니다\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1435
#: src/useradd.c:1462
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new password entry\n"
msgstr "%s: 새로운 패스워드 입력값을 추가하는데 오류\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1449
#: src/useradd.c:1476
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error updating password dbm entry\n"
msgstr "%s: 패스워드 dbm 입력값을 업데이트하는데 오류\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1465 src/usermod.c:1151
#: src/useradd.c:1492 src/usermod.c:1151
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new shadow password entry\n"
msgstr "%s: 새로운 쉐도우 패스워드 입력값을 추가하는데 오류\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1481 src/usermod.c:1168
#: src/useradd.c:1508 src/usermod.c:1168
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error updating shadow passwd dbm entry\n"
msgstr "%s: 쉐도우 패스워드 dbm 입력값을 업데이트 하는데 오류\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1513
#: src/useradd.c:1540
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create directory %s\n"
msgstr "%s: 디렉토리 %s 를 만들 수 없습니다\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1634 src/usermod.c:981
#: src/useradd.c:1570
msgid "No group named \"mail\" exists, creating mail spool with mode 0600.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1593
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "Can't create mail spool for user %s.\n"
msgstr "%s: 사용자 %s 에 대한 입력값을 업데이트 할 수 없습니다\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1713 src/usermod.c:981
#, c-format
msgid "%s: user %s exists\n"
msgstr "%s: 사용자 %s 는 존재합니다\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1649
#: src/useradd.c:1728
#, c-format
msgid ""
"%s: group %s exists - if you want to add this user to that group, use -g.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1687
#: src/useradd.c:1766
#, c-format
msgid "%s: warning: CREATE_HOME not supported, please use -m instead.\n"
msgstr ""
@@ -2151,10 +2165,6 @@ msgstr ""
"`vipw' 는 /etc/passwd 를 편집합니다\t`vipw -s' 는 /etc/shadow를 편집합니다\n"
"`vigr' 은 /etc/group 을 편집합니다\t`vigr -s' 는 /etc/gshadow를 편집합니다\n"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Can't create mail spool for user %s.\n"
#~ msgstr "%s: 사용자 %s 에 대한 입력값을 업데이트 할 수 없습니다\n"
#~ msgid "User %s has a TCFS key, his old password is required.\n"
#~ msgstr ""
#~ "사용자 %s 는 TCFS 키를 가지고 있습니다, 그의 예전 패스워드가 요구됩니다.\n"

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@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: shadow-981228\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2004-01-14 07:41+0100\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2004-01-14 15:16+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 1999-03-02 22:29+01:00\n"
"Last-Translator: Arkadiusz Miśkiewicz <misiek@misiek.eu.org>\n"
"Language-Team: PL <pl@li.org>\n"
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ msgid "%s: permission denied\n"
msgstr "%s: odmowa dostępu\n"
#: src/chage.c:489 src/chpasswd.c:136 src/groupadd.c:530 src/groupdel.c:325
#: src/groupmod.c:521 src/newusers.c:362 src/useradd.c:1582 src/userdel.c:657
#: src/groupmod.c:521 src/newusers.c:362 src/useradd.c:1661 src/userdel.c:657
#: src/usermod.c:1413
#, c-format
msgid "%s: PAM authentication failed\n"
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ msgid "%s: can't rewrite password file\n"
msgstr "%s: nie można przepisać pliku z hasłami\n"
#: src/chage.c:727 src/chpasswd.c:336 src/groupadd.c:592 src/groupdel.c:413
#: src/groupmod.c:606 src/newusers.c:609 src/useradd.c:1705 src/userdel.c:814
#: src/groupmod.c:606 src/newusers.c:609 src/useradd.c:1786 src/userdel.c:814
#: src/usermod.c:1494
#, c-format
msgid "%s: PAM chauthtok failed\n"
@@ -773,18 +773,18 @@ msgid "Usage: groupadd [-g gid [-o]] [-f] group\n"
msgstr "Użycie: groupadd [-g gid [-o]] [-f] grupa\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:168 src/groupadd.c:193 src/groupmod.c:180 src/groupmod.c:229
#: src/useradd.c:913 src/usermod.c:533 src/usermod.c:676
#: src/useradd.c:940 src/usermod.c:533 src/usermod.c:676
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new group entry\n"
msgstr "%s: błąd podczas dodawania nowej grupy\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:179 src/groupadd.c:204 src/groupmod.c:198 src/useradd.c:924
#: src/groupadd.c:179 src/groupadd.c:204 src/groupmod.c:198 src/useradd.c:951
#: src/usermod.c:545 src/usermod.c:689
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot add new dbm group entry\n"
msgstr "%s: nie można dodać nowego wpisu do bazy dbm grup\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:256 src/useradd.c:977
#: src/groupadd.c:256 src/useradd.c:1004
#, c-format
msgid "%s: name %s is not unique\n"
msgstr "%s: nazwa %s nie jest niepowtarzalny\n"
@@ -809,18 +809,18 @@ msgstr "%s: %s: nie jest prawidłową nazwą grupy\n"
msgid "%s: invalid group %s\n"
msgstr "%s: nieprawidłowa grupa %s\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:364 src/useradd.c:1173
#: src/groupadd.c:364 src/useradd.c:1200
#, c-format
msgid "%s: -O requires NAME=VALUE\n"
msgstr "%s: -O wymaga ZMIENNA=WARTOŚĆ\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:408 src/groupdel.c:171 src/groupmod.c:402 src/useradd.c:1288
#: src/groupadd.c:408 src/groupdel.c:171 src/groupmod.c:402 src/useradd.c:1315
#: src/userdel.c:302 src/usermod.c:557
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite group file\n"
msgstr "%s: nie można przepisać pliku z grupami\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:416 src/groupdel.c:179 src/groupmod.c:410 src/useradd.c:1297
#: src/groupadd.c:416 src/groupdel.c:179 src/groupmod.c:410 src/useradd.c:1324
#: src/userdel.c:309 src/usermod.c:703
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite shadow group file\n"
@@ -1670,248 +1670,262 @@ msgstr ""
msgid "Entering System Maintenance Mode\n"
msgstr "Wchodzę w tryb utrzymania systemu\n"
#: src/useradd.c:234
#: src/useradd.c:239
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rebuild the group database\n"
msgstr "%s: przebuduj bazę grup\n"
#: src/useradd.c:243
#: src/useradd.c:248
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rebuild the shadow group database\n"
msgstr "%s: przebuduj bazę ukrytych haseł grup\n"
#: src/useradd.c:278 src/useradd.c:292 src/usermod.c:741 src/usermod.c:755
#: src/useradd.c:283 src/useradd.c:297 src/usermod.c:741 src/usermod.c:755
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid numeric argument `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: nieprawidłowy argument numeryczny `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:349
#: src/useradd.c:354
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unknown gid %s\n"
msgstr "%s: nieznany gid %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:357 src/useradd.c:636 src/useradd.c:1129 src/usermod.c:244
#: src/useradd.c:362 src/useradd.c:663 src/useradd.c:1156 src/usermod.c:244
#: src/usermod.c:876
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unknown group %s\n"
msgstr "%s: nieznana grupa %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:419
#: src/useradd.c:434
#, c-format
msgid "GROUP=%u\n"
msgstr "GRUPA=%u\n"
#: src/useradd.c:420
#: src/useradd.c:435
#, c-format
msgid "HOME=%s\n"
msgstr "KAT_DOM=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:422
#: src/useradd.c:437
#, c-format
msgid "INACTIVE=%ld\n"
msgstr "NIEAKTYWNE=%ld\n"
#: src/useradd.c:423
#: src/useradd.c:438
#, c-format
msgid "EXPIRE=%s\n"
msgstr "WYGAŚNIĘCIE=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:425
#: src/useradd.c:440
#, c-format
msgid "SHELL=%s\n"
msgstr "POWŁOKA=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:426
#: src/useradd.c:441
#, c-format
msgid "SKEL=%s\n"
msgstr "SKEL=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:462
#: src/useradd.c:442
#, c-format
msgid "CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=%s\n"
msgstr "CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:479
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create new defaults file\n"
msgstr "%s: nie można utworzyć nowego pliku z ustawieniami domyślnymi\n"
#: src/useradd.c:467
#: src/useradd.c:484
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot open new defaults file\n"
msgstr "%s: nie można otworzyć nowego pliku z ustawieniami domyślnymi\n"
#: src/useradd.c:552 src/useradd.c:564
#: src/useradd.c:578 src/useradd.c:590
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rename: %s"
msgstr "%s: zmiana nazwy: %s"
#: src/useradd.c:657 src/usermod.c:265
#: src/useradd.c:684 src/usermod.c:265
#, c-format
msgid "%s: group `%s' is a NIS group.\n"
msgstr "%s: grupa `%s' jest grupą NIS.\n"
#: src/useradd.c:666 src/usermod.c:274
#: src/useradd.c:693 src/usermod.c:274
#, c-format
msgid "%s: too many groups specified (max %d).\n"
msgstr "%s: podano zbyt wiele grup (maks %d).\n"
#: src/useradd.c:698
#: src/useradd.c:725
msgid "Usage: useradd [-u uid [-o]] [-g group] [-G group,...] \n"
msgstr "Użycie: useradd [-u uid [-o]] [-g grupa] [-G grupa,...] \n"
#: src/useradd.c:701
#: src/useradd.c:728
msgid " [-d home] [-s shell] [-c comment] [-m [-k template]]\n"
msgstr ""
" [-d kat_dom] [-s powłoka] [-c komentarz] [-m [-k wzór]]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:703 src/useradd.c:708
#: src/useradd.c:730 src/useradd.c:735
msgid " [-f inactive] [-e expire]\n"
msgstr " [-f nieaktywne] [-e utrata_ważności]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:706
#: src/useradd.c:733
msgid " useradd -D [-g group] [-b base] [-s shell]\n"
msgstr " useradd -D [-g grupa] [-b baza] [-s powłoka]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:793 src/usermod.c:461
#: src/useradd.c:820 src/usermod.c:461
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error locking group file\n"
msgstr "%s: błąd podczas blokowania pliku z grupami\n"
#: src/useradd.c:798 src/usermod.c:467
#: src/useradd.c:825 src/usermod.c:467
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error opening group file\n"
msgstr "%s: błąd podczas otwierania pliku z grupami\n"
#: src/useradd.c:805 src/usermod.c:578
#: src/useradd.c:832 src/usermod.c:578
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error locking shadow group file\n"
msgstr "%s: błąd podczas blokowania pliku z ukrytymi hasłami grup\n"
#: src/useradd.c:810 src/usermod.c:584
#: src/useradd.c:837 src/usermod.c:584
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error opening shadow group file\n"
msgstr "%s: błąd podczas otwierania pliku z ukrytymi hasłami grup\n"
#: src/useradd.c:982
#: src/useradd.c:1009
#, c-format
msgid "%s: uid %u is not unique\n"
msgstr "%s: uid %u nie jest niepowtarzalny\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1012
#: src/useradd.c:1039
#, c-format
msgid "%s: can't get unique uid\n"
msgstr "%s: nie można uzyskać niepowtarzalnego uid\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1049
#: src/useradd.c:1076
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid base directory `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: nieprawidłowy katalog bazowy `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1059
#: src/useradd.c:1086
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid comment `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: nieprawidłowy komentarz `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1070
#: src/useradd.c:1097
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid home directory `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: nieprawidłowy katalog domowy `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1089 src/usermod.c:858
#: src/useradd.c:1116 src/usermod.c:858
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid date `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: nieprawidłowa data `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1102
#: src/useradd.c:1129
#, c-format
msgid "%s: shadow passwords required for -e\n"
msgstr "%s: ukryte hasła wymagane dla -e\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1118
#: src/useradd.c:1145
#, c-format
msgid "%s: shadow passwords required for -f\n"
msgstr "%s: ukryte hasła wymagane dla -f\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1185 src/usermod.c:834 src/usermod.c:844 src/usermod.c:891
#: src/useradd.c:1212 src/usermod.c:834 src/usermod.c:844 src/usermod.c:891
#: src/usermod.c:935
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid field `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: nieprawidłowe pole `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1196
#: src/useradd.c:1223
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid shell `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: nieprawidłowa powłoka `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1237
#: src/useradd.c:1264
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid user name '%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: nieprawidłowa nazwa użytkownika '%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1273 src/userdel.c:293 src/usermod.c:1003
#: src/useradd.c:1300 src/userdel.c:293 src/usermod.c:1003
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite password file\n"
msgstr "%s: nie można przepisać pliku z hasłami\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1280 src/userdel.c:298 src/usermod.c:1010
#: src/useradd.c:1307 src/userdel.c:298 src/usermod.c:1010
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: nie można przepisać pliku z ukrytymi hasłami\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1321 src/userdel.c:350 src/usermod.c:1044
#: src/useradd.c:1348 src/userdel.c:350 src/usermod.c:1044
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unable to lock password file\n"
msgstr "%s: nie można zablokować pliku z hasłami\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1326 src/userdel.c:355 src/usermod.c:1049
#: src/useradd.c:1353 src/userdel.c:355 src/usermod.c:1049
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unable to open password file\n"
msgstr "%s: nie można otworzyć pliku z hasłami\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1334 src/userdel.c:362 src/usermod.c:1056
#: src/useradd.c:1361 src/userdel.c:362 src/usermod.c:1056
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot lock shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: nie można zablokować pliku z ukrytymi hasłami\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1341 src/userdel.c:368 src/usermod.c:1062
#: src/useradd.c:1368 src/userdel.c:368 src/usermod.c:1062
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot open shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: nie można otworzyć pliku z ukrytymi hasłami\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1435
#: src/useradd.c:1462
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new password entry\n"
msgstr "%s: błąd podczas dodawania nowego wpisu do pliku z hasłami\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1449
#: src/useradd.c:1476
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error updating password dbm entry\n"
msgstr "%s: błąd podczas aktualizacji wpisu dbm do pliku z hasłami\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1465 src/usermod.c:1151
#: src/useradd.c:1492 src/usermod.c:1151
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new shadow password entry\n"
msgstr "%s: błąd podczas dodawania nowego wpisu do pliku z ukrytymi hasłami\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1481 src/usermod.c:1168
#: src/useradd.c:1508 src/usermod.c:1168
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error updating shadow passwd dbm entry\n"
msgstr "%s: błąd podczas aktualizacji wpisu dbm do pliku z ukrytymi hasłami\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1513
#: src/useradd.c:1540
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create directory %s\n"
msgstr "%s: nie można utworzyć katalogu %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1634 src/usermod.c:981
#: src/useradd.c:1570
msgid "No group named \"mail\" exists, creating mail spool with mode 0600.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1593
#, c-format
msgid "Can't create mail spool for user %s.\n"
msgstr "Nie można za założyć spolla pocztowego dla uzytkownika %s.\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1713 src/usermod.c:981
#, c-format
msgid "%s: user %s exists\n"
msgstr "%s: użytkownik %s istnieje\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1649
#: src/useradd.c:1728
#, c-format
msgid ""
"%s: group %s exists - if you want to add this user to that group, use -g.\n"
msgstr ""
"%s: grupa %s istnieje - aby dodać tego użytkownika do tej grupy, użyj -g.\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1687
#: src/useradd.c:1766
#, c-format
msgid "%s: warning: CREATE_HOME not supported, please use -m instead.\n"
msgstr "%s: uwaga: CREATE_HOME nie jest wspierane, użyj opcji -m.\n"
@@ -2144,12 +2158,6 @@ msgstr ""
"`vipw' edytuje /etc/passwd `vipw -s' edytuje /etc/shadow\n"
"`vigr' edytuje /etc/group `vigr -s' edytuje /etc/gshadow\n"
#~ msgid "CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=%s\n"
#~ msgstr "CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=%s\n"
#~ msgid "Can't create mail spool for user %s.\n"
#~ msgstr "Nie można za założyć spolla pocztowego dla uzytkownika %s.\n"
#~ msgid "User %s has a TCFS key, his old password is required.\n"
#~ msgstr "Użytkownik %s posiada klucz TCFS, jego stare hasło jest wymagane.\n"

BIN
po/ru.gmo

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134
po/ru.po
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@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: shadow 3.0.3\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2004-01-14 07:41+0100\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2004-01-14 15:16+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2000-04-05 11:00:00+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Sergey Kubushin <ksi@ksi-linux.com>\n"
"Language-Team: RU <ru@li.org>\n"
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ msgid "%s: permission denied\n"
msgstr "%s: доступ запрещен\n"
#: src/chage.c:489 src/chpasswd.c:136 src/groupadd.c:530 src/groupdel.c:325
#: src/groupmod.c:521 src/newusers.c:362 src/useradd.c:1582 src/userdel.c:657
#: src/groupmod.c:521 src/newusers.c:362 src/useradd.c:1661 src/userdel.c:657
#: src/usermod.c:1413
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: PAM authentication failed\n"
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ msgid "%s: can't rewrite password file\n"
msgstr "%s: не могу переписать файл паролей\n"
#: src/chage.c:727 src/chpasswd.c:336 src/groupadd.c:592 src/groupdel.c:413
#: src/groupmod.c:606 src/newusers.c:609 src/useradd.c:1705 src/userdel.c:814
#: src/groupmod.c:606 src/newusers.c:609 src/useradd.c:1786 src/userdel.c:814
#: src/usermod.c:1494
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: PAM chauthtok failed\n"
@@ -768,18 +768,18 @@ msgid "Usage: groupadd [-g gid [-o]] [-f] group\n"
msgstr "запуск: groupadd [-g gid [-o]] [-f] группа\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:168 src/groupadd.c:193 src/groupmod.c:180 src/groupmod.c:229
#: src/useradd.c:913 src/usermod.c:533 src/usermod.c:676
#: src/useradd.c:940 src/usermod.c:533 src/usermod.c:676
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new group entry\n"
msgstr "%s: ошибка добавления новой записи группы\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:179 src/groupadd.c:204 src/groupmod.c:198 src/useradd.c:924
#: src/groupadd.c:179 src/groupadd.c:204 src/groupmod.c:198 src/useradd.c:951
#: src/usermod.c:545 src/usermod.c:689
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot add new dbm group entry\n"
msgstr "%s: не могу добавить новую запись группы в базу данных\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:256 src/useradd.c:977
#: src/groupadd.c:256 src/useradd.c:1004
#, c-format
msgid "%s: name %s is not unique\n"
msgstr "%s: имя %s не уникально\n"
@@ -804,18 +804,18 @@ msgstr "%s: %s недопустимо как имя группы\n"
msgid "%s: invalid group %s\n"
msgstr "%s: неверная группа %s\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:364 src/useradd.c:1173
#: src/groupadd.c:364 src/useradd.c:1200
#, c-format
msgid "%s: -O requires NAME=VALUE\n"
msgstr "%s: -O требует ИМЯ=ЗНАЧЕНИЕ\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:408 src/groupdel.c:171 src/groupmod.c:402 src/useradd.c:1288
#: src/groupadd.c:408 src/groupdel.c:171 src/groupmod.c:402 src/useradd.c:1315
#: src/userdel.c:302 src/usermod.c:557
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite group file\n"
msgstr "%s: не могу переписать файл групп\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:416 src/groupdel.c:179 src/groupmod.c:410 src/useradd.c:1297
#: src/groupadd.c:416 src/groupdel.c:179 src/groupmod.c:410 src/useradd.c:1324
#: src/userdel.c:309 src/usermod.c:703
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite shadow group file\n"
@@ -1672,246 +1672,260 @@ msgstr ""
msgid "Entering System Maintenance Mode\n"
msgstr "Вход в режим обслуживания системы\n"
#: src/useradd.c:234
#: src/useradd.c:239
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rebuild the group database\n"
msgstr "%s: перестроение базы данных групп\n"
#: src/useradd.c:243
#: src/useradd.c:248
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rebuild the shadow group database\n"
msgstr "%s: перестроение базы данных shadow-групп\n"
#: src/useradd.c:278 src/useradd.c:292 src/usermod.c:741 src/usermod.c:755
#: src/useradd.c:283 src/useradd.c:297 src/usermod.c:741 src/usermod.c:755
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid numeric argument `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: неверный числовой аргумент `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:349
#: src/useradd.c:354
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unknown gid %s\n"
msgstr "%s: неизвестный gid %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:357 src/useradd.c:636 src/useradd.c:1129 src/usermod.c:244
#: src/useradd.c:362 src/useradd.c:663 src/useradd.c:1156 src/usermod.c:244
#: src/usermod.c:876
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unknown group %s\n"
msgstr "%s: неизвестная группа %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:419
#: src/useradd.c:434
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "GROUP=%u\n"
msgstr "GROUP=%ld\n"
#: src/useradd.c:420
#: src/useradd.c:435
#, c-format
msgid "HOME=%s\n"
msgstr "HOME=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:422
#: src/useradd.c:437
#, c-format
msgid "INACTIVE=%ld\n"
msgstr "INACTIVE=%ld\n"
#: src/useradd.c:423
#: src/useradd.c:438
#, c-format
msgid "EXPIRE=%s\n"
msgstr "EXPIRE=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:425
#: src/useradd.c:440
#, c-format
msgid "SHELL=%s\n"
msgstr "SHELL=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:426
#: src/useradd.c:441
#, c-format
msgid "SKEL=%s\n"
msgstr "SKEL=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:462
#: src/useradd.c:442
#, c-format
msgid "CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=%s\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:479
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create new defaults file\n"
msgstr "%s: не могу создать новый файл умолчаний\n"
#: src/useradd.c:467
#: src/useradd.c:484
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot open new defaults file\n"
msgstr "%s: не могу создать новый файл умолчаний\n"
#: src/useradd.c:552 src/useradd.c:564
#: src/useradd.c:578 src/useradd.c:590
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rename: %s"
msgstr "%s: переименование: %s"
#: src/useradd.c:657 src/usermod.c:265
#: src/useradd.c:684 src/usermod.c:265
#, c-format
msgid "%s: group `%s' is a NIS group.\n"
msgstr "%s: группа `%s' - группа NIS.\n"
#: src/useradd.c:666 src/usermod.c:274
#: src/useradd.c:693 src/usermod.c:274
#, c-format
msgid "%s: too many groups specified (max %d).\n"
msgstr "%s: задано слишком много групп (макс. %d).\n"
#: src/useradd.c:698
#: src/useradd.c:725
msgid "Usage: useradd [-u uid [-o]] [-g group] [-G group,...] \n"
msgstr "запуск: useradd [-u uid [-o]] [-g группа] [-G группа,...] \n"
#: src/useradd.c:701
#: src/useradd.c:728
msgid " [-d home] [-s shell] [-c comment] [-m [-k template]]\n"
msgstr " [-d дом.] [-s шелл] [-c коммент.] [-m [-k шаблоны]]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:703 src/useradd.c:708
#: src/useradd.c:730 src/useradd.c:735
msgid " [-f inactive] [-e expire]\n"
msgstr " [-f неактивн.] [-e истекает]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:706
#: src/useradd.c:733
msgid " useradd -D [-g group] [-b base] [-s shell]\n"
msgstr " useradd -D [-g группа] [-b база] [-s шелл]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:793 src/usermod.c:461
#: src/useradd.c:820 src/usermod.c:461
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error locking group file\n"
msgstr "%s: ошибка блокировки файла групп\n"
#: src/useradd.c:798 src/usermod.c:467
#: src/useradd.c:825 src/usermod.c:467
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error opening group file\n"
msgstr "%s: ошибка открытия файла групп\n"
#: src/useradd.c:805 src/usermod.c:578
#: src/useradd.c:832 src/usermod.c:578
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error locking shadow group file\n"
msgstr "%s: ошибка блокировки shadow-файла групп\n"
#: src/useradd.c:810 src/usermod.c:584
#: src/useradd.c:837 src/usermod.c:584
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error opening shadow group file\n"
msgstr "%s: ошибка открытия shadow-файла групп\n"
#: src/useradd.c:982
#: src/useradd.c:1009
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: uid %u is not unique\n"
msgstr "%s: uid %d не уникален\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1012
#: src/useradd.c:1039
#, c-format
msgid "%s: can't get unique uid\n"
msgstr "%s: не могу получить уникальный uid\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1049
#: src/useradd.c:1076
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid base directory `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: неверный базовый каталог `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1059
#: src/useradd.c:1086
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid comment `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: неверный комментарий `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1070
#: src/useradd.c:1097
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid home directory `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: неверный домашний каталог `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1089 src/usermod.c:858
#: src/useradd.c:1116 src/usermod.c:858
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid date `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: неверная дата `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1102
#: src/useradd.c:1129
#, c-format
msgid "%s: shadow passwords required for -e\n"
msgstr "%s: для -e требуются shadow-пароли\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1118
#: src/useradd.c:1145
#, c-format
msgid "%s: shadow passwords required for -f\n"
msgstr "%s: для -f требуются shadow-пароли\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1185 src/usermod.c:834 src/usermod.c:844 src/usermod.c:891
#: src/useradd.c:1212 src/usermod.c:834 src/usermod.c:844 src/usermod.c:891
#: src/usermod.c:935
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid field `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: неверное поле `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1196
#: src/useradd.c:1223
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid shell `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: неверный шелл `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1237
#: src/useradd.c:1264
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid user name '%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: неверное имя пользователя `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1273 src/userdel.c:293 src/usermod.c:1003
#: src/useradd.c:1300 src/userdel.c:293 src/usermod.c:1003
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite password file\n"
msgstr "%s: не могу переписать файл паролей\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1280 src/userdel.c:298 src/usermod.c:1010
#: src/useradd.c:1307 src/userdel.c:298 src/usermod.c:1010
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: не могу переписать shadow-файл паролей\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1321 src/userdel.c:350 src/usermod.c:1044
#: src/useradd.c:1348 src/userdel.c:350 src/usermod.c:1044
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unable to lock password file\n"
msgstr "%s: не могу заблокировать файл паролей\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1326 src/userdel.c:355 src/usermod.c:1049
#: src/useradd.c:1353 src/userdel.c:355 src/usermod.c:1049
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unable to open password file\n"
msgstr "%s: не могу открыть файл паролей\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1334 src/userdel.c:362 src/usermod.c:1056
#: src/useradd.c:1361 src/userdel.c:362 src/usermod.c:1056
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot lock shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: не могу заблокировать shadow-файл паролей\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1341 src/userdel.c:368 src/usermod.c:1062
#: src/useradd.c:1368 src/userdel.c:368 src/usermod.c:1062
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot open shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: не могу открыть shadow-файл паролей\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1435
#: src/useradd.c:1462
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new password entry\n"
msgstr "%s: ошибка добавления новой записи пароля\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1449
#: src/useradd.c:1476
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error updating password dbm entry\n"
msgstr "%s: ошибка обновления записи базы данных паролей\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1465 src/usermod.c:1151
#: src/useradd.c:1492 src/usermod.c:1151
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new shadow password entry\n"
msgstr "%s: ошибка добавления новой shadow-записи пароля\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1481 src/usermod.c:1168
#: src/useradd.c:1508 src/usermod.c:1168
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error updating shadow passwd dbm entry\n"
msgstr "%s: ошибка обновления shadow-записи базы данных паролей\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1513
#: src/useradd.c:1540
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create directory %s\n"
msgstr "%s: не могу создать каталог %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1634 src/usermod.c:981
#: src/useradd.c:1570
msgid "No group named \"mail\" exists, creating mail spool with mode 0600.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1593
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "Can't create mail spool for user %s.\n"
msgstr "%s: не могу обновить запись для пользователя %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1713 src/usermod.c:981
#, c-format
msgid "%s: user %s exists\n"
msgstr "%s: пользователь %s уже существует\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1649
#: src/useradd.c:1728
#, c-format
msgid ""
"%s: group %s exists - if you want to add this user to that group, use -g.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1687
#: src/useradd.c:1766
#, c-format
msgid "%s: warning: CREATE_HOME not supported, please use -m instead.\n"
msgstr "%s: предупреждение: CREATE_HOME не поддерживается, используйте -m.\n"
@@ -2144,10 +2158,6 @@ msgstr ""
"`vipw' правит /etc/passwd `vipw -s' правит /etc/shadow\n"
"`vigr' правит /etc/group `vigr -s' правит /etc/gshadow\n"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Can't create mail spool for user %s.\n"
#~ msgstr "%s: не могу обновить запись для пользователя %s\n"
#~ msgid "User %s has a TCFS key, his old password is required.\n"
#~ msgstr "Пользователь %s имеет ключ TCFS, требуется его старый пароль.\n"

View File

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2004-01-14 07:41+0100\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2004-01-14 15:16+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ msgid "%s: permission denied\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/chage.c:489 src/chpasswd.c:136 src/groupadd.c:530 src/groupdel.c:325
#: src/groupmod.c:521 src/newusers.c:362 src/useradd.c:1582 src/userdel.c:657
#: src/groupmod.c:521 src/newusers.c:362 src/useradd.c:1661 src/userdel.c:657
#: src/usermod.c:1413
#, c-format
msgid "%s: PAM authentication failed\n"
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ msgid "%s: can't rewrite password file\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/chage.c:727 src/chpasswd.c:336 src/groupadd.c:592 src/groupdel.c:413
#: src/groupmod.c:606 src/newusers.c:609 src/useradd.c:1705 src/userdel.c:814
#: src/groupmod.c:606 src/newusers.c:609 src/useradd.c:1786 src/userdel.c:814
#: src/usermod.c:1494
#, c-format
msgid "%s: PAM chauthtok failed\n"
@@ -764,18 +764,18 @@ msgid "Usage: groupadd [-g gid [-o]] [-f] group\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/groupadd.c:168 src/groupadd.c:193 src/groupmod.c:180 src/groupmod.c:229
#: src/useradd.c:913 src/usermod.c:533 src/usermod.c:676
#: src/useradd.c:940 src/usermod.c:533 src/usermod.c:676
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new group entry\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/groupadd.c:179 src/groupadd.c:204 src/groupmod.c:198 src/useradd.c:924
#: src/groupadd.c:179 src/groupadd.c:204 src/groupmod.c:198 src/useradd.c:951
#: src/usermod.c:545 src/usermod.c:689
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot add new dbm group entry\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/groupadd.c:256 src/useradd.c:977
#: src/groupadd.c:256 src/useradd.c:1004
#, c-format
msgid "%s: name %s is not unique\n"
msgstr ""
@@ -800,18 +800,18 @@ msgstr ""
msgid "%s: invalid group %s\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/groupadd.c:364 src/useradd.c:1173
#: src/groupadd.c:364 src/useradd.c:1200
#, c-format
msgid "%s: -O requires NAME=VALUE\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/groupadd.c:408 src/groupdel.c:171 src/groupmod.c:402 src/useradd.c:1288
#: src/groupadd.c:408 src/groupdel.c:171 src/groupmod.c:402 src/useradd.c:1315
#: src/userdel.c:302 src/usermod.c:557
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite group file\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/groupadd.c:416 src/groupdel.c:179 src/groupmod.c:410 src/useradd.c:1297
#: src/groupadd.c:416 src/groupdel.c:179 src/groupmod.c:410 src/useradd.c:1324
#: src/userdel.c:309 src/usermod.c:703
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite shadow group file\n"
@@ -1640,246 +1640,260 @@ msgstr ""
msgid "Entering System Maintenance Mode\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:234
#: src/useradd.c:239
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rebuild the group database\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:243
#: src/useradd.c:248
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rebuild the shadow group database\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:278 src/useradd.c:292 src/usermod.c:741 src/usermod.c:755
#: src/useradd.c:283 src/useradd.c:297 src/usermod.c:741 src/usermod.c:755
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid numeric argument `%s'\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:349
#: src/useradd.c:354
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unknown gid %s\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:357 src/useradd.c:636 src/useradd.c:1129 src/usermod.c:244
#: src/useradd.c:362 src/useradd.c:663 src/useradd.c:1156 src/usermod.c:244
#: src/usermod.c:876
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unknown group %s\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:419
#: src/useradd.c:434
#, c-format
msgid "GROUP=%u\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:420
#: src/useradd.c:435
#, c-format
msgid "HOME=%s\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:422
#: src/useradd.c:437
#, c-format
msgid "INACTIVE=%ld\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:423
#: src/useradd.c:438
#, c-format
msgid "EXPIRE=%s\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:425
#: src/useradd.c:440
#, c-format
msgid "SHELL=%s\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:426
#: src/useradd.c:441
#, c-format
msgid "SKEL=%s\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:462
#: src/useradd.c:442
#, c-format
msgid "CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=%s\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:479
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create new defaults file\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:467
#: src/useradd.c:484
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot open new defaults file\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:552 src/useradd.c:564
#: src/useradd.c:578 src/useradd.c:590
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rename: %s"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:657 src/usermod.c:265
#: src/useradd.c:684 src/usermod.c:265
#, c-format
msgid "%s: group `%s' is a NIS group.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:666 src/usermod.c:274
#: src/useradd.c:693 src/usermod.c:274
#, c-format
msgid "%s: too many groups specified (max %d).\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:698
#: src/useradd.c:725
msgid "Usage: useradd [-u uid [-o]] [-g group] [-G group,...] \n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:701
#: src/useradd.c:728
msgid " [-d home] [-s shell] [-c comment] [-m [-k template]]\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:703 src/useradd.c:708
#: src/useradd.c:730 src/useradd.c:735
msgid " [-f inactive] [-e expire]\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:706
#: src/useradd.c:733
msgid " useradd -D [-g group] [-b base] [-s shell]\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:793 src/usermod.c:461
#: src/useradd.c:820 src/usermod.c:461
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error locking group file\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:798 src/usermod.c:467
#: src/useradd.c:825 src/usermod.c:467
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error opening group file\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:805 src/usermod.c:578
#: src/useradd.c:832 src/usermod.c:578
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error locking shadow group file\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:810 src/usermod.c:584
#: src/useradd.c:837 src/usermod.c:584
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error opening shadow group file\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:982
#: src/useradd.c:1009
#, c-format
msgid "%s: uid %u is not unique\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1012
#: src/useradd.c:1039
#, c-format
msgid "%s: can't get unique uid\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1049
#: src/useradd.c:1076
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid base directory `%s'\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1059
#: src/useradd.c:1086
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid comment `%s'\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1070
#: src/useradd.c:1097
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid home directory `%s'\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1089 src/usermod.c:858
#: src/useradd.c:1116 src/usermod.c:858
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid date `%s'\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1102
#: src/useradd.c:1129
#, c-format
msgid "%s: shadow passwords required for -e\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1118
#: src/useradd.c:1145
#, c-format
msgid "%s: shadow passwords required for -f\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1185 src/usermod.c:834 src/usermod.c:844 src/usermod.c:891
#: src/useradd.c:1212 src/usermod.c:834 src/usermod.c:844 src/usermod.c:891
#: src/usermod.c:935
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid field `%s'\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1196
#: src/useradd.c:1223
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid shell `%s'\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1237
#: src/useradd.c:1264
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid user name '%s'\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1273 src/userdel.c:293 src/usermod.c:1003
#: src/useradd.c:1300 src/userdel.c:293 src/usermod.c:1003
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite password file\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1280 src/userdel.c:298 src/usermod.c:1010
#: src/useradd.c:1307 src/userdel.c:298 src/usermod.c:1010
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite shadow password file\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1321 src/userdel.c:350 src/usermod.c:1044
#: src/useradd.c:1348 src/userdel.c:350 src/usermod.c:1044
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unable to lock password file\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1326 src/userdel.c:355 src/usermod.c:1049
#: src/useradd.c:1353 src/userdel.c:355 src/usermod.c:1049
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unable to open password file\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1334 src/userdel.c:362 src/usermod.c:1056
#: src/useradd.c:1361 src/userdel.c:362 src/usermod.c:1056
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot lock shadow password file\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1341 src/userdel.c:368 src/usermod.c:1062
#: src/useradd.c:1368 src/userdel.c:368 src/usermod.c:1062
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot open shadow password file\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1435
#: src/useradd.c:1462
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new password entry\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1449
#: src/useradd.c:1476
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error updating password dbm entry\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1465 src/usermod.c:1151
#: src/useradd.c:1492 src/usermod.c:1151
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new shadow password entry\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1481 src/usermod.c:1168
#: src/useradd.c:1508 src/usermod.c:1168
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error updating shadow passwd dbm entry\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1513
#: src/useradd.c:1540
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create directory %s\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1634 src/usermod.c:981
#: src/useradd.c:1570
msgid "No group named \"mail\" exists, creating mail spool with mode 0600.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1593
#, c-format
msgid "Can't create mail spool for user %s.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1713 src/usermod.c:981
#, c-format
msgid "%s: user %s exists\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1649
#: src/useradd.c:1728
#, c-format
msgid ""
"%s: group %s exists - if you want to add this user to that group, use -g.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1687
#: src/useradd.c:1766
#, c-format
msgid "%s: warning: CREATE_HOME not supported, please use -m instead.\n"
msgstr ""

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@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: shadow 19990709\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2004-01-14 07:41+0100\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2004-01-14 15:16+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 1999-08-16 21:20+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Kristoffer Brånemyr <ztion@swipnet.se>\n"
"Language-Team: sv <sv@li.org>\n"
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ msgid "%s: permission denied\n"
msgstr "%s: tillåtelse nekas\n"
#: src/chage.c:489 src/chpasswd.c:136 src/groupadd.c:530 src/groupdel.c:325
#: src/groupmod.c:521 src/newusers.c:362 src/useradd.c:1582 src/userdel.c:657
#: src/groupmod.c:521 src/newusers.c:362 src/useradd.c:1661 src/userdel.c:657
#: src/usermod.c:1413
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: PAM authentication failed\n"
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ msgid "%s: can't rewrite password file\n"
msgstr "%s: kan inte skriva om lösenordsfilen\n"
#: src/chage.c:727 src/chpasswd.c:336 src/groupadd.c:592 src/groupdel.c:413
#: src/groupmod.c:606 src/newusers.c:609 src/useradd.c:1705 src/userdel.c:814
#: src/groupmod.c:606 src/newusers.c:609 src/useradd.c:1786 src/userdel.c:814
#: src/usermod.c:1494
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: PAM chauthtok failed\n"
@@ -770,18 +770,18 @@ msgid "Usage: groupadd [-g gid [-o]] [-f] group\n"
msgstr "Användning: groupadd [-g gid [-o]] [-f] grupp\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:168 src/groupadd.c:193 src/groupmod.c:180 src/groupmod.c:229
#: src/useradd.c:913 src/usermod.c:533 src/usermod.c:676
#: src/useradd.c:940 src/usermod.c:533 src/usermod.c:676
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new group entry\n"
msgstr "%s: gick inte att lägga till en ny gruppnotering\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:179 src/groupadd.c:204 src/groupmod.c:198 src/useradd.c:924
#: src/groupadd.c:179 src/groupadd.c:204 src/groupmod.c:198 src/useradd.c:951
#: src/usermod.c:545 src/usermod.c:689
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot add new dbm group entry\n"
msgstr "%s: kan inte lägga till en ny dbm-gruppnotering\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:256 src/useradd.c:977
#: src/groupadd.c:256 src/useradd.c:1004
#, c-format
msgid "%s: name %s is not unique\n"
msgstr "%s: namnet %s är inte unikt\n"
@@ -806,18 +806,18 @@ msgstr "%s: %s är inte ett giltigt gruppnamn\n"
msgid "%s: invalid group %s\n"
msgstr "%s: ogiltig grupp %s\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:364 src/useradd.c:1173
#: src/groupadd.c:364 src/useradd.c:1200
#, c-format
msgid "%s: -O requires NAME=VALUE\n"
msgstr "%s: -O kräver NAME=VÄRDE\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:408 src/groupdel.c:171 src/groupmod.c:402 src/useradd.c:1288
#: src/groupadd.c:408 src/groupdel.c:171 src/groupmod.c:402 src/useradd.c:1315
#: src/userdel.c:302 src/usermod.c:557
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite group file\n"
msgstr "%s: kan inte skriva om gruppfilen\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:416 src/groupdel.c:179 src/groupmod.c:410 src/useradd.c:1297
#: src/groupadd.c:416 src/groupdel.c:179 src/groupmod.c:410 src/useradd.c:1324
#: src/userdel.c:309 src/usermod.c:703
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite shadow group file\n"
@@ -1663,246 +1663,260 @@ msgstr ""
msgid "Entering System Maintenance Mode\n"
msgstr "Går in i systemunderhållsläge\n"
#: src/useradd.c:234
#: src/useradd.c:239
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rebuild the group database\n"
msgstr "%s: bygg om gruppdatabasen\n"
#: src/useradd.c:243
#: src/useradd.c:248
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rebuild the shadow group database\n"
msgstr "%s: bygg om skuggruppdatabasen\n"
#: src/useradd.c:278 src/useradd.c:292 src/usermod.c:741 src/usermod.c:755
#: src/useradd.c:283 src/useradd.c:297 src/usermod.c:741 src/usermod.c:755
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid numeric argument `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: ogiltigt numeriskt argument \"%s\"\n"
#: src/useradd.c:349
#: src/useradd.c:354
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unknown gid %s\n"
msgstr "%s: okänt gid %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:357 src/useradd.c:636 src/useradd.c:1129 src/usermod.c:244
#: src/useradd.c:362 src/useradd.c:663 src/useradd.c:1156 src/usermod.c:244
#: src/usermod.c:876
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unknown group %s\n"
msgstr "%s: okänd grupp %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:419
#: src/useradd.c:434
#, c-format
msgid "GROUP=%u\n"
msgstr "GRUPP=%u\n"
#: src/useradd.c:420
#: src/useradd.c:435
#, c-format
msgid "HOME=%s\n"
msgstr "HEM=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:422
#: src/useradd.c:437
#, c-format
msgid "INACTIVE=%ld\n"
msgstr "INAKTIV=%ld\n"
#: src/useradd.c:423
#: src/useradd.c:438
#, c-format
msgid "EXPIRE=%s\n"
msgstr "UPPHÖR=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:425
#: src/useradd.c:440
#, c-format
msgid "SHELL=%s\n"
msgstr "SKAL=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:426
#: src/useradd.c:441
#, c-format
msgid "SKEL=%s\n"
msgstr "SKEL=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:462
#: src/useradd.c:442
#, c-format
msgid "CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=%s\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:479
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create new defaults file\n"
msgstr "%s: kan inte skapa en ny standardfil\n"
#: src/useradd.c:467
#: src/useradd.c:484
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot open new defaults file\n"
msgstr "%s: kan inte skapa en ny standardfil\n"
#: src/useradd.c:552 src/useradd.c:564
#: src/useradd.c:578 src/useradd.c:590
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rename: %s"
msgstr "%s: rename: %s"
#: src/useradd.c:657 src/usermod.c:265
#: src/useradd.c:684 src/usermod.c:265
#, c-format
msgid "%s: group `%s' is a NIS group.\n"
msgstr "%s: grupp \"%s\" är en NIS-grupp.\n"
#: src/useradd.c:666 src/usermod.c:274
#: src/useradd.c:693 src/usermod.c:274
#, c-format
msgid "%s: too many groups specified (max %d).\n"
msgstr "%s: för många grupper speciferade (max %d).\n"
#: src/useradd.c:698
#: src/useradd.c:725
msgid "Usage: useradd [-u uid [-o]] [-g group] [-G group,...] \n"
msgstr "Användning: useradd [-u uid [-o]] [-g grupp] [-G grupp,...] \n"
#: src/useradd.c:701
#: src/useradd.c:728
msgid " [-d home] [-s shell] [-c comment] [-m [-k template]]\n"
msgstr " [-d hem] [-s skal] [-c kommentar] [-m [-k mall]]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:703 src/useradd.c:708
#: src/useradd.c:730 src/useradd.c:735
msgid " [-f inactive] [-e expire]\n"
msgstr " [-f inaktiv] [-e upphör]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:706
#: src/useradd.c:733
msgid " useradd -D [-g group] [-b base] [-s shell]\n"
msgstr " useradd -D [-g grupp] [-b bas] [-s skal]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:793 src/usermod.c:461
#: src/useradd.c:820 src/usermod.c:461
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error locking group file\n"
msgstr "%s: fel under låsning av gruppfilen\n"
#: src/useradd.c:798 src/usermod.c:467
#: src/useradd.c:825 src/usermod.c:467
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error opening group file\n"
msgstr "%s: fel under öppning av gruppfilen\n"
#: src/useradd.c:805 src/usermod.c:578
#: src/useradd.c:832 src/usermod.c:578
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error locking shadow group file\n"
msgstr "%s: fel under låsning av skuggruppfilen\n"
#: src/useradd.c:810 src/usermod.c:584
#: src/useradd.c:837 src/usermod.c:584
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error opening shadow group file\n"
msgstr "%s: fel under öppning av skuggruppfilen\n"
#: src/useradd.c:982
#: src/useradd.c:1009
#, c-format
msgid "%s: uid %u is not unique\n"
msgstr "%s: uid %u är inte unikt\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1012
#: src/useradd.c:1039
#, c-format
msgid "%s: can't get unique uid\n"
msgstr "%s: kan inte hitta ett unikt uid\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1049
#: src/useradd.c:1076
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid base directory `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: felaktig baskatalog \"%s\"\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1059
#: src/useradd.c:1086
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid comment `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: felaktig kommentar \"%s\"\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1070
#: src/useradd.c:1097
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid home directory `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: felaktig hemkatalog \"%s\"\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1089 src/usermod.c:858
#: src/useradd.c:1116 src/usermod.c:858
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid date `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: felaktigt datum \"%s\"\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1102
#: src/useradd.c:1129
#, c-format
msgid "%s: shadow passwords required for -e\n"
msgstr "%s: skugglösenord krävs för -e\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1118
#: src/useradd.c:1145
#, c-format
msgid "%s: shadow passwords required for -f\n"
msgstr "%s: skugglösenord krävs för -f\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1185 src/usermod.c:834 src/usermod.c:844 src/usermod.c:891
#: src/useradd.c:1212 src/usermod.c:834 src/usermod.c:844 src/usermod.c:891
#: src/usermod.c:935
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid field `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: felaktigt fält \"%s\"\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1196
#: src/useradd.c:1223
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid shell `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: felaktigt skal \"%s\"\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1237
#: src/useradd.c:1264
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid user name '%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: felaktigt användar namn '%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1273 src/userdel.c:293 src/usermod.c:1003
#: src/useradd.c:1300 src/userdel.c:293 src/usermod.c:1003
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite password file\n"
msgstr "%s: kan inte skriva om lösenordsfilen\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1280 src/userdel.c:298 src/usermod.c:1010
#: src/useradd.c:1307 src/userdel.c:298 src/usermod.c:1010
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: kan inte skriva om skugglösenordsfilen\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1321 src/userdel.c:350 src/usermod.c:1044
#: src/useradd.c:1348 src/userdel.c:350 src/usermod.c:1044
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unable to lock password file\n"
msgstr "%s: kan inte låsa lösenordsfilen\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1326 src/userdel.c:355 src/usermod.c:1049
#: src/useradd.c:1353 src/userdel.c:355 src/usermod.c:1049
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unable to open password file\n"
msgstr "%s: kan inte öppna lösenordsfilen\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1334 src/userdel.c:362 src/usermod.c:1056
#: src/useradd.c:1361 src/userdel.c:362 src/usermod.c:1056
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot lock shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: kan inte låsa skugglösenordsfilen\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1341 src/userdel.c:368 src/usermod.c:1062
#: src/useradd.c:1368 src/userdel.c:368 src/usermod.c:1062
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot open shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: kan inte öppna skugglösenordsfilen\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1435
#: src/useradd.c:1462
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new password entry\n"
msgstr "%s: fel under tilläggning av ny lösenordsnotering\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1449
#: src/useradd.c:1476
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error updating password dbm entry\n"
msgstr "%s: fel under uppdatering av dbm-lösenordsnotering\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1465 src/usermod.c:1151
#: src/useradd.c:1492 src/usermod.c:1151
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new shadow password entry\n"
msgstr "%s: fel under tilläggning av ny skugglösenordsnotering\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1481 src/usermod.c:1168
#: src/useradd.c:1508 src/usermod.c:1168
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error updating shadow passwd dbm entry\n"
msgstr "%s: fel under uppdatering av dbm-skugglösenordsnotering\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1513
#: src/useradd.c:1540
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create directory %s\n"
msgstr "%s: kan inte skapa katalog %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1634 src/usermod.c:981
#: src/useradd.c:1570
msgid "No group named \"mail\" exists, creating mail spool with mode 0600.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1593
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "Can't create mail spool for user %s.\n"
msgstr "%s: kan inte uppdatera noteringen för användaren %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1713 src/usermod.c:981
#, c-format
msgid "%s: user %s exists\n"
msgstr "%s: användare %s existerar\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1649
#: src/useradd.c:1728
#, c-format
msgid ""
"%s: group %s exists - if you want to add this user to that group, use -g.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1687
#: src/useradd.c:1766
#, c-format
msgid "%s: warning: CREATE_HOME not supported, please use -m instead.\n"
msgstr "%s: varning: CREATE_HOME stöds inte, använd -m istället.\n"
@@ -2135,10 +2149,6 @@ msgstr ""
"\"vipw\" editerar /etc/passwd \"vipw -w\" editerar /etc/shadow\n"
"\"vipg\" editerar /etc/group \"vipg -w\" editerar /etc/gshadow\n"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Can't create mail spool for user %s.\n"
#~ msgstr "%s: kan inte uppdatera noteringen för användaren %s\n"
#~ msgid "User %s has a TCFS key, his old password is required.\n"
#~ msgstr "Användare %s har en TCFS-nyckel, hans förra lösenord krävs.\n"

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@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: shadow-20001016\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2004-01-14 07:41+0100\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2004-01-14 15:16+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2001-08-04 19:45+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Roman Festchook <roma@orta.zt.ua>\n"
"Language-Team: Roman Festchook <roma@orta.zt.ua>\n"
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ msgid "%s: permission denied\n"
msgstr "%s: у доступі відмовлено\n"
#: src/chage.c:489 src/chpasswd.c:136 src/groupadd.c:530 src/groupdel.c:325
#: src/groupmod.c:521 src/newusers.c:362 src/useradd.c:1582 src/userdel.c:657
#: src/groupmod.c:521 src/newusers.c:362 src/useradd.c:1661 src/userdel.c:657
#: src/usermod.c:1413
#, c-format
msgid "%s: PAM authentication failed\n"
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ msgid "%s: can't rewrite password file\n"
msgstr "%s: не можу переписати файл паролей\n"
#: src/chage.c:727 src/chpasswd.c:336 src/groupadd.c:592 src/groupdel.c:413
#: src/groupmod.c:606 src/newusers.c:609 src/useradd.c:1705 src/userdel.c:814
#: src/groupmod.c:606 src/newusers.c:609 src/useradd.c:1786 src/userdel.c:814
#: src/usermod.c:1494
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: PAM chauthtok failed\n"
@@ -775,18 +775,18 @@ msgid "Usage: groupadd [-g gid [-o]] [-f] group\n"
msgstr "використовуйте: groupadd [-g gid [-o]] [-f] група\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:168 src/groupadd.c:193 src/groupmod.c:180 src/groupmod.c:229
#: src/useradd.c:913 src/usermod.c:533 src/usermod.c:676
#: src/useradd.c:940 src/usermod.c:533 src/usermod.c:676
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new group entry\n"
msgstr "%s: помилка додання нового запису у файл груп\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:179 src/groupadd.c:204 src/groupmod.c:198 src/useradd.c:924
#: src/groupadd.c:179 src/groupadd.c:204 src/groupmod.c:198 src/useradd.c:951
#: src/usermod.c:545 src/usermod.c:689
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot add new dbm group entry\n"
msgstr "%s: помилка додання нового запису у файл груп dbm\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:256 src/useradd.c:977
#: src/groupadd.c:256 src/useradd.c:1004
#, c-format
msgid "%s: name %s is not unique\n"
msgstr "%s: ім'я %s не є унікальним\n"
@@ -811,18 +811,18 @@ msgstr "%s: %s: то не є вірне ім'я групи\n"
msgid "%s: invalid group %s\n"
msgstr "%s: невірна група %s\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:364 src/useradd.c:1173
#: src/groupadd.c:364 src/useradd.c:1200
#, c-format
msgid "%s: -O requires NAME=VALUE\n"
msgstr "%s: -O вимагає ЗМІННА=ЗНАЧЕННЯ\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:408 src/groupdel.c:171 src/groupmod.c:402 src/useradd.c:1288
#: src/groupadd.c:408 src/groupdel.c:171 src/groupmod.c:402 src/useradd.c:1315
#: src/userdel.c:302 src/usermod.c:557
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite group file\n"
msgstr "%s: не можу переписати файл груп\n"
#: src/groupadd.c:416 src/groupdel.c:179 src/groupmod.c:410 src/useradd.c:1297
#: src/groupadd.c:416 src/groupdel.c:179 src/groupmod.c:410 src/useradd.c:1324
#: src/userdel.c:309 src/usermod.c:703
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite shadow group file\n"
@@ -1677,242 +1677,256 @@ msgstr ""
msgid "Entering System Maintenance Mode\n"
msgstr "Входимо у режим відновлення системи\n"
#: src/useradd.c:234
#: src/useradd.c:239
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rebuild the group database\n"
msgstr "%s: перестроюю базу груп\n"
#: src/useradd.c:243
#: src/useradd.c:248
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rebuild the shadow group database\n"
msgstr "%s: перестроюю базу прихованих груп\n"
#: src/useradd.c:278 src/useradd.c:292 src/usermod.c:741 src/usermod.c:755
#: src/useradd.c:283 src/useradd.c:297 src/usermod.c:741 src/usermod.c:755
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid numeric argument `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: невірний числовий аргумент `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:349
#: src/useradd.c:354
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unknown gid %s\n"
msgstr "%s: невідомий gid %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:357 src/useradd.c:636 src/useradd.c:1129 src/usermod.c:244
#: src/useradd.c:362 src/useradd.c:663 src/useradd.c:1156 src/usermod.c:244
#: src/usermod.c:876
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unknown group %s\n"
msgstr "%s: невідома група %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:419
#: src/useradd.c:434
#, c-format
msgid "GROUP=%u\n"
msgstr "ГРУПА=%u\n"
#: src/useradd.c:420
#: src/useradd.c:435
#, c-format
msgid "HOME=%s\n"
msgstr "ДОМАШНЯ_ТЕКА=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:422
#: src/useradd.c:437
#, c-format
msgid "INACTIVE=%ld\n"
msgstr "НЕАКТИВНИЙ=%ld\n"
#: src/useradd.c:423
#: src/useradd.c:438
#, c-format
msgid "EXPIRE=%s\n"
msgstr "ПРОСТРОЧЕНИЙ=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:425
#: src/useradd.c:440
#, c-format
msgid "SHELL=%s\n"
msgstr "SHELL=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:426
#: src/useradd.c:441
#, c-format
msgid "SKEL=%s\n"
msgstr "SKEL=%s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:462
#: src/useradd.c:442
#, c-format
msgid "CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=%s\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:479
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create new defaults file\n"
msgstr "%s: не можу створити новий файл із значеннями по замовчеванню\n"
#: src/useradd.c:467
#: src/useradd.c:484
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot open new defaults file\n"
msgstr "%s: не можу створити новий файл із значеннями по замовчеванню\n"
#: src/useradd.c:552 src/useradd.c:564
#: src/useradd.c:578 src/useradd.c:590
#, c-format
msgid "%s: rename: %s"
msgstr "%s: перейменування: %s"
#: src/useradd.c:657 src/usermod.c:265
#: src/useradd.c:684 src/usermod.c:265
#, c-format
msgid "%s: group `%s' is a NIS group.\n"
msgstr "%s: група `%s' є групою NIS.\n"
#: src/useradd.c:666 src/usermod.c:274
#: src/useradd.c:693 src/usermod.c:274
#, c-format
msgid "%s: too many groups specified (max %d).\n"
msgstr "%s: занадто багато груп вказанно (макс %d).\n"
#: src/useradd.c:698
#: src/useradd.c:725
msgid "Usage: useradd [-u uid [-o]] [-g group] [-G group,...] \n"
msgstr "використовуйте: useradd [-u uid [-o]] [-g група] [-G група,...] \n"
#: src/useradd.c:701
#: src/useradd.c:728
msgid " [-d home] [-s shell] [-c comment] [-m [-k template]]\n"
msgstr ""
" [-d домашня_тека] [-s shell] [-c коментар]\n"
" [-m [-k шаблон]]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:703 src/useradd.c:708
#: src/useradd.c:730 src/useradd.c:735
msgid " [-f inactive] [-e expire]\n"
msgstr " [-f неактивний] [-e прострочений]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:706
#: src/useradd.c:733
msgid " useradd -D [-g group] [-b base] [-s shell]\n"
msgstr " useradd -D [-g група] [-b базоваека] [-s shell]\n"
#: src/useradd.c:793 src/usermod.c:461
#: src/useradd.c:820 src/usermod.c:461
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error locking group file\n"
msgstr "%s: не можу заблокувати файл груп\n"
#: src/useradd.c:798 src/usermod.c:467
#: src/useradd.c:825 src/usermod.c:467
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error opening group file\n"
msgstr "%s: не можу відкрити файл груп\n"
#: src/useradd.c:805 src/usermod.c:578
#: src/useradd.c:832 src/usermod.c:578
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error locking shadow group file\n"
msgstr "%s: не можу заблокувати файл прихованих груп\n"
#: src/useradd.c:810 src/usermod.c:584
#: src/useradd.c:837 src/usermod.c:584
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error opening shadow group file\n"
msgstr "%s: не можу відкрити файл прихованих груп\n"
#: src/useradd.c:982
#: src/useradd.c:1009
#, c-format
msgid "%s: uid %u is not unique\n"
msgstr "%s: uid %u не є унікальним\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1012
#: src/useradd.c:1039
#, c-format
msgid "%s: can't get unique uid\n"
msgstr "%s: не можу отримати унікальній uid\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1049
#: src/useradd.c:1076
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid base directory `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: невірна базова тека `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1059
#: src/useradd.c:1086
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid comment `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: невірний коментар `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1070
#: src/useradd.c:1097
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid home directory `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: невірна домашня тека `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1089 src/usermod.c:858
#: src/useradd.c:1116 src/usermod.c:858
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid date `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: невірна дата `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1102
#: src/useradd.c:1129
#, c-format
msgid "%s: shadow passwords required for -e\n"
msgstr "%s: приховані паролі потрібні для -e\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1118
#: src/useradd.c:1145
#, c-format
msgid "%s: shadow passwords required for -f\n"
msgstr "%s: приховані паролі потрібні для -f\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1185 src/usermod.c:834 src/usermod.c:844 src/usermod.c:891
#: src/useradd.c:1212 src/usermod.c:834 src/usermod.c:844 src/usermod.c:891
#: src/usermod.c:935
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid field `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: невірне поле `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1196
#: src/useradd.c:1223
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid shell `%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: невірний shell `%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1237
#: src/useradd.c:1264
#, c-format
msgid "%s: invalid user name '%s'\n"
msgstr "%s: невірне ім'я користувача '%s'\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1273 src/userdel.c:293 src/usermod.c:1003
#: src/useradd.c:1300 src/userdel.c:293 src/usermod.c:1003
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite password file\n"
msgstr "%s: не можу переписати файл паролей\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1280 src/userdel.c:298 src/usermod.c:1010
#: src/useradd.c:1307 src/userdel.c:298 src/usermod.c:1010
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot rewrite shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: не можу переписати файл прихованих паролей\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1321 src/userdel.c:350 src/usermod.c:1044
#: src/useradd.c:1348 src/userdel.c:350 src/usermod.c:1044
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unable to lock password file\n"
msgstr "%s: не можу блокувати файл паролей\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1326 src/userdel.c:355 src/usermod.c:1049
#: src/useradd.c:1353 src/userdel.c:355 src/usermod.c:1049
#, c-format
msgid "%s: unable to open password file\n"
msgstr "%s: не можу відкрити файл паролей\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1334 src/userdel.c:362 src/usermod.c:1056
#: src/useradd.c:1361 src/userdel.c:362 src/usermod.c:1056
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot lock shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: не можу блокувати файл прихованих паролей\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1341 src/userdel.c:368 src/usermod.c:1062
#: src/useradd.c:1368 src/userdel.c:368 src/usermod.c:1062
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot open shadow password file\n"
msgstr "%s: не можу відкрити файл прихованих паролей\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1435
#: src/useradd.c:1462
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new password entry\n"
msgstr "%s: помилка додання нового запису у базу паролей\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1449
#: src/useradd.c:1476
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error updating password dbm entry\n"
msgstr "%s: помилка оновлення запису у базі паролей dbm\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1465 src/usermod.c:1151
#: src/useradd.c:1492 src/usermod.c:1151
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error adding new shadow password entry\n"
msgstr "%s: помилка додання нового запису у базу прихованих паролей\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1481 src/usermod.c:1168
#: src/useradd.c:1508 src/usermod.c:1168
#, c-format
msgid "%s: error updating shadow passwd dbm entry\n"
msgstr "%s: помилка оновлення запису у базі прихованих паролей dbm\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1513
#: src/useradd.c:1540
#, c-format
msgid "%s: cannot create directory %s\n"
msgstr "%s: не можу створити теку %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1634 src/usermod.c:981
#: src/useradd.c:1570
msgid "No group named \"mail\" exists, creating mail spool with mode 0600.\n"
msgstr ""
#: src/useradd.c:1593
#, fuzzy, c-format
msgid "Can't create mail spool for user %s.\n"
msgstr "%s: не можу оновити запис для користувача %s\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1713 src/usermod.c:981
#, c-format
msgid "%s: user %s exists\n"
msgstr "%s: користувач %s існує\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1649
#: src/useradd.c:1728
#, c-format
msgid ""
"%s: group %s exists - if you want to add this user to that group, use -g.\n"
@@ -1920,7 +1934,7 @@ msgstr ""
"%s: група %s існує - якщо ви бажаєте додати користувача до цієї групи, "
"використовуйте -g.\n"
#: src/useradd.c:1687
#: src/useradd.c:1766
#, c-format
msgid "%s: warning: CREATE_HOME not supported, please use -m instead.\n"
msgstr "%s: застереження: CREATE_HOME не підтримується, користуйтесь -m.\n"
@@ -2154,10 +2168,6 @@ msgstr ""
"`vipw' редагує /etc/passwd `vipw -s' редагує /etc/shadow\n"
"`vigr' редагує /etc/group `vigr -s' редагує /etc/gshadow\n"
#, fuzzy
#~ msgid "Can't create mail spool for user %s.\n"
#~ msgstr "%s: не можу оновити запис для користувача %s\n"
#~ msgid "User %s has a TCFS key, his old password is required.\n"
#~ msgstr "Користувач %s має TCFS ключ, потрібен його старий пароль.\n"